[en] Double-chamber plethysmography has been recognized since 1979 as a reference technique to measure pulmonary function values in guinea pigs, but it has not gained attention for use in mice. Theoretically, however, this technique combines the advantages of single-chamber plethysmography with a quantitative assessment of flow and/or volume and a calculated resistance, the interpretation of which in terms of bronchoconstriction is not disputed. Here we show that, when appropriately preconditioned, mice are able to gradually grow accustomed to the apparatus and display extremely stable nasal and thoracoabdominal flow tracings. Overall, strain, sex, and somatic growth had a significant effect on pulmonary function values. The changes in specific airway resistance (sRaw) and enhanced pause (Penh) values were never in the same direction, indicating that they measure different things. The respiratory frequency was far higher in C57BL/6 compared with BALB/c mice. Peak flows, minute volume, specific tidal and minute volumes, and sRaw were also higher, but Penh was smaller. Males breathed at a higher frequency than females, leading to a higher minute volume. Nevertheless, the specific volumes were considerably higher among females. Penh was lower in males, whereas sRaw was identical in both sexes. Changes associated with somatic growth were rapid and important between 5 and 9 wk, then slowed down between 9 and 12-13 wk and became almost imperceptible after.
Disciplines :
Animal production & animal husbandry Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Flandre, Thierry; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Morphologie et Pathologie > Pathologie spéciale et autopsies
Leroy, Pascal ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de productions animales > Biostatistique, économie, sélection animale
Desmecht, Daniel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Morphologie et Pathologie > Pathologie spéciale et autopsies
Language :
English
Title :
Effect of somatic growth, strain and sex on double-chamber plethysmographic respiratory function values in healthy mice
Affolter M and Shilo BZ. Genetic control of branching morphogenesis during Drosophila tracheal development. Curr Opin Cell Biol 12: 731-735, 2000.
Amdur LO and Mead J. Mechanics of respiration in unanesthetized guinea pigs. Am J Physiol 192: 364-368, 1958.
Amin A, Chai CK, and Reineke EP. Differences in thyroid activity of several strains of mice and F1 hybrids. Am J Physiol 191: 34-36, 1957.
Bennett FM and Tenney SM. Comparative mechanics of mammalian respiratory system. Respir Physiol 49: 131-140, 1982.
Chong BTY, Agrawal DK, Romero FA, and Townley RG. Measurement of bronchoconstriction using whole-body plethysmograph: comparison of freely moving versus restrained guinea pigs. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 39: 163-168, 1998.
Crispen CG. Handbook on the Laboratory Mouse. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1975.
Crosfill ML and Widdicombe JG. Physical characteristics of the chest and lungs and the work of breathing in different mammalian species. J Physiol 158: 1-14, 1961.
Davis WM and King WT. Pharmacogenetic factor in the convulsive responses of mice to flurothyl. Experientia 23: 214-215, 1967.
De Sanctis GT, Jiao A, Lee YH, Haynes TC, Lander ES, Beier DR, and Drazen JM. Quantitative trait locus mapping of airway responsiveness to chromosomes 6 and 7 in inbred mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 277: L1118-L1123, 1999.
Enhorning G, van Schaik S, Lundgren C, and Vargas I. Whole-body plethysmography, does it measure tidal volume of small animals? Can J Physiol Pharmacol 76: 945-951, 1998.
Even PC, Rolland V, Roseau S, Bouthegourd JC, and Tome D. Prediction of basal metabolism from organ size in the rat: relationship to strain, feeding, age, and obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 280: R1887-R1896, 2001.
Ewart S, Levitt R, and Mitzner W. Respiratory system mechanics in mice measured by end-inflation occlusion. J Appl Physiol 79: 560-566, 1995.
Flandre TD, Leroy PL, and Desmecht DJM. Double chamber plethysmography in healthy BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice: effect of somatic growth. [Online]. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège. http://www.ulg.ac.be/fmv/anapath/plethysmo/plethdoubch.htm [3 Jan. 2002].
Frith CH, Suber RL, and Umholtz R. Hematologic and clinical chemistry findings in control BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Lab Anim Sci 30: 835-840, 1980.
Garssen J, Van Loveren H, Van Der Vliet H, Bot H, and Nijkamp FP. T cell-mediated induction of airway hyperresponsiveness and altered lung functions in mice are independent of increased vascular permeability and mononuclear cell infiltration. Am Rev Respir Dis 147: 307-313, 1993.
Gelfand EW and Irvin CG. Noninvasive measurement of airway responsiveness in allergic mice using barometric plethysmography: correspondence. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158: 340-341, 1998.
Glaab T, Daser A, Braun A, Neuhaus-Steinmetz U, Fabel H, Alarie Y, and Renz H. Tidal midexpiratory flow as a measure of airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 280: L565-L573, 2001.
Gomes RFM, Shen X, Ramchandani R, Tepper RS, and Bates JHT. Comparative respiratory system mechanics in rodents. J Appl Physiol 89: 908-916, 2000.
Hamelmann E, Schwarze J, Takeda K, Oshiba A, Larsen GL, Irvin CG, and Gelfand EW. Noninvasive measurement of airway responsiveness in allergic mice using barometric plethysmography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156: 766-775, 1997.
Kasa W and Thwaites CJ. The effects of elevated temperature and humidity on rectal temperature and respiration rate in the New Zealand white rabbit. Int J Biometeorol 34: 157-160, 1990.
Kiang-Ulrich M and Horvath SM. Age-related metabolic modifications in male F344 rats. Exp Aging Res 10: 89-93, 2000.
Kleeberger SR, Holroyd KJ, Levitt RC, Zhang L, Longphre M, Harkema J, Eleff SM, and DiSilvestre DA. Linkage analysis of susceptibility to ozone-induced lung inflammation in inbred mice. Nat Genet 17: 475-478, 1997.
Kurozumi M, Matsushita T, Hosokawa M, and Takeda T. Age-related changes in lung structure and function in the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM): SAM-P/1 as a new murine model of senile hyperinflation of lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149: 776-782, 1994.
Lundblad LK, Irvin CG, Adler A, and Bates JH. A reevaluation of the validity of unrestrained plethysmography in mice. J Appl Physiol 93: 1198-1207, 2002.
Malakoff D. The rise of the mouse, biomedicine's model mammal. Science 288: 248-253, 2000.
Malo D and Skamene E. Genetic control of host resistance to infection. Trends Genet 10: 365-371, 1994.
Martin TR, Gerard NP, Galli SJ, and Drazen JM. Pulmonary responses to bronchoconstrictor agonists in the mouse. J Appl Physiol 64: 2318-2323, 1988.
Mitzner WA, Brown R, and Lee W. In vivo measurement of lung volumes in mice. Physiol Genomics 4: 215-221, 2001.
Mitzner WA and Tankersley CG. Noninvasive measurement of airway responsiveness in allergic mice using barometric plethysmography: correspondence. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158: 340-341, 1998.
Mortola JP and Frappell PB. On the barometric method for measurements of ventilation and its use in small animals. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 76: 937-944, 1998.
Mortola JP and Frappell PB. Ventilatory responses to hanges in temperature in mammals and other vertebrates. Annu Rev Physiol 62: 847-874, 2000.
Mortola JP and Saiki C. Ventilatory response to hypoxia in rats: gender differences. Respir Physiol 106: 21-34, 1996.
Moshkin MP, Potapov MA, Frolova OF, and Evsikov VI. Changes in aggressive behavior, thermoregulation, and endocrine responses in BALB/cLac and C57BL/6J mice under cold exposure. Physiol Behav 53: 535-538, 1993.
Mousel MR, Stroup WW, and Nielsen MK. Locomotor activity, core body temperature, and circadian rhythms in mice selected for high or low heat loss. J Anim Sci 79: 861-868, 2001.
Nagase T, Kurihara H, Kurihara Y, Aoki T, Fukuchi Y, Yasaki Y, and Ouchi Y. Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in mutant mice deficient in endothelin-1. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157: 560-564, 1998.
Nagase T, Matsui H, Aoki T, Ouchi Y, and Fukuchi Y. Lung tissue behavior in the mouse during constriction induced by methacholine and endothelin-1. J Appl Physiol 81: 2373-2378, 1996.
Neuhaus-Steinmetz U, Glaab T, Daser A, Braun A, Lommatzsch M, Herz U, Kips J, Alarie Y, and Renz H. Sequential development of airway hyperresponsiveness and acute airway obstruction in a mouse model of allergic inflammation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 121: 57-67, 2000.
Nikulina EM, Skrinskaya JA, and Popova NK. Role of genotype and dopamine receptors, in behavior of inbred mice in a forced swimming test. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 105: 525-529, 1991.
Pennock BE, Cox CP, Rogers RM, Cain A, and Wells J. A noninvasive technique for measurement of changes in specific airway resistance. J Appl Physiol 46: 399-406, 1979.
Perez VJ, Eatwell JC, and Samorajski T. A metabolism chamber for measuring oxygen consumption in the laboratory rat and mouse. Physiol Behav 24: 1185-1189, 1980.
Petak F, Habre W, Donati YR, Hantos Z, and Barazzone-Argiroffo C. Hyperoxia-induced changes in mouse lung mechanics: forced oscillations vs. barometric plethysmography. J Appl Physiol 90: 2221-2230, 2001.
Schlenker EH. Gender-specific effects of CNQX administered into the arcuate nucleus on ventilatory patterns in rats. Respir Physiol 116: 133-143, 1999.
Seifert EL and Mortola JP. The circadian pattern of breathing in conscious adult rats. Respir Physiol 129: 297-305, 2002.
Shepard CC and Habas JA. Relation of infection to tissue temperature in mice infected with Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium leprae. J Bacteriol 93: 790-796, 1967.
Sommer B, Montaño LM, Chavez J, Gustin P, and Vargas MH. Guinea pig lung resistance shows circadian rhythmicity not influenced by ozone. Respir Physiol 113: 223-229, 1998.
Tankersley CG, DiSilvestre DA, Jedlicka AE, Wilkins HM, and Zhang L. Differential inspiratory timing is genetically linked to mouse chromosome 3. J Appl Physiol 85: 360-365, 1998.
Tsunoda K, Lee XP, Watanabe S, Doge K, Akiya Y, and Watanabe T. Sex differences in respiratory and cardiovascular effects of beta-endorphin. Nippon Hoigaku Zasshi 47: 193-201, 1993.
Vijayaraghavan R, Schaper M, Thomson R, Stock MF, and Alarie Y. Characteristic modifications of the breathing pattern of mice to evaluate the effects of airborne chemicals on the respiratory tract. Arch Toxicol 67: 478-490, 1993.
