ORBi: Salomon Hélène - Selection and heating of colouring materials in Mousterian level of es-Skhul (ca. 100 000 years B.P., Mount Carmel, Israel)

Reference : Selection and heating of colouring materials in Mousterian level of es-Skhul (ca. 100 00...


	Document type :	Scientific journals : Article
	Discipline(s) :	Arts & humanities : Archaeology
	To cite this reference:	http://hdl.handle.net/2268/100103

Title :	Selection and heating of colouring materials in Mousterian level of es-Skhul (ca. 100 000 years B.P., Mount Carmel, Israel)
Language :	English
Author, co-author :	Salomon, Hélène [Université de Liège - ULg > Département de physique > Physique nucléaire, atomique et spectroscopie >]
	Vignaud, Colette [Centre de recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), France > > > >]
	Coquinot, Yvan [Centre de recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), France > > > >]
	Beck, Lucile [Centre de recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), France > CEA JANNUS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France > > >]
	Stringer, Christopher [Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK > > > >]
	Strivay, David [Université de Liège - ULg > Département de physique > Physique nucléaire, atomique et spectroscopie >]
	d'Errico, Francesco [Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5199 PACEA, PACEA, Préhistoire, Paléoenvironnement, Patrimoine, France > Institute for Archaeology, History, Cultural and Religious Studies, University of Bergen, Norway > > >]
Publication date :	2012
Journal title :	Archaeometry
Publisher :	Wiley
Volume :	54
Issue/season :	4
Pages :	698–722
Audience :	International
ISSN :	0003-813X
e-ISSN :	1475-4754
City :	Oxford
Country :	United Kingdom
Keywords :	[en] iron oxide ; phosphorite ; heat treatment ; israel ; middle palaeolithic ; catchment analysis ; TEM ; FEG-SEM ; PIXE-PIGE ; µXRD
Abstract :	[en] The transformation of yellow goethite into red hematite by heating has long been assumed for Palaeolithic red artefacts excavated close to ﬁreplaces. However, this transformation is extremely rare. Using SEM–FEG–EDX, PIXE–PIGE, TEM and mXRD, we characterized the mineralogical and chemical compositions of four microsamples of colouring materials from the Mousterian layer B in the es-Skhul rock-shelter, from about 100 kya ago. For some colouring materials, the Mousterian people of es-Skhul chose to gather remote yellow lumps for heating. Their signiﬁcant transport distance provides evidence of the possible high cultural value of these colouring materials for transformation into red pigments.
Research units :	Centre Européen en Archéométrie - CEA
Funders :	CNRS–OMLL programme of the European Science Foundation ; Programme ORIGINE II of the Aquitaine Region ; Programme PROTEA of the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research ; European Research Council (FP7/2007/2013)/ERC Grant TRACSYMBOLS n# 249587) ; ULg (Liège University) programme for post-doctoral fellowship
Permalink :	http://hdl.handle.net/2268/100103
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