http://hdl.handle.net/2268/82 Search this channel search http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148480 Title: Development of riveting technology through an analysis of Belgian patents (1830-1940) <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Collette, Quentin; Wouters, Ine; de Favereau, Corentin; Peters, Arnaud <br/> <br/>Abstract: The development of riveting technology in iron and steel structures in the 19th and 20th centuries were highly promoted by patents. Although riveting was widely used in buildings and civil engineering structures, little information about the development of this technology – how rivets were manufactured, various installation techniques – is available in literature. This paper discusses a database of patents related to riveting technology that was created to better understand the innovations in riveted connections and their technological evolution. The database includes patents relating to rivets registered in Belgium between 1830 and 1940. Belgian patents are a good proxy for inventiveness in riveting technology in this period, in industrialized countries generally, not only Belgium. As one of the most industrialized countries, Belgium attracted inventors from many countries seeking to register their inventions: foreign inventions represented approximately 75% of all patents. Breakthroughs by important Belgian, French, British, and American inventors/companies are represented in this source. A methodology based on both quantitative and qualitative analyses was implemented. The quantitative analysis dealt with the entire database and explored several key parameters, for example, the subject of the patent and the patenting organization/person. The database also permitted qualitative analyses; specifically, it helped enlarge our understanding of pioneering inventors and their inventions, in the important categories of rivet manufacturing (1855-1870) and installation techniques (1895-1910). As background for the conservation and renovation of historic iron and steel structures, it is vital to have an understanding of the know-how that was available over time. This kind of information is revealed in the patent record http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148031 Title: Passive designs and strategies for low-cost housing using simulation-based optimization and different thermal comfort criteria <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Nguyen, Anh Tuan; Reiter, Sigrid <br/> <br/>Abstract: An optimum design of low-cost housing offers low-income urban inhabitants great opportunities to obtain a shelter at an affordable price and acceptable indoor thermal conditions. In this paper, the design and operation of a low-cost dwelling were numerically optimized using a simulation-based approach. Three multi-objective cost functions including construction cost, thermal comfort performance and 50-year operating cost were applied for naturally ventilated and air-conditioned buildings. Thermal environment inside the house was controlled and assessed by two thermal comfort models. Optimization problems which consist of 18 design parameters and 6 ventilation strategies were examined by two population-based probabilistic optimization algorithms (particle swarm optimization and hybrid algorithm). Optimum designs corresponding to each objective function, differences in optimal solutions, energy saving by the adaptive comfort approach and optimization effectiveness were outlined. The optimization method used in this paper shows a considerable potential of comfort improvement, energy saving and operating cost reduction. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/147530 Title: Sustainable housing in Vietnam: Climate responsive design strategies to optimize thermal comfort <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Nguyen, Anh Tuan <br/> <br/>Abstract: Housing issue in Vietnam is still a big concern as in 2008, 72.2% of the existing housing was semi-permanent or temporary and 89.2% of the poor did not have a permanent shelter. As a response to sustainability, the global aim of this thesis is to develop design strategies toward comfortable, energy-efficient housing with acceptable building cost. Occupants’ thermal comfort is the key assessment criterion throughout the research. <br />First of all, the thesis develops a thermal comfort model for Vietnamese people living in naturally ventilated buildings through the data from field surveys around South-East Asia. This comfort model is then validated by survey data in Vietnam in 2012. <br />A new simple climate analysis tool is developed, used to analyze the climate of 3 regions in question and to draw preliminary design guidelines. A comprehensive study on climate responsive design strategies of vernacular housing in Vietnam is also carried out. The results to some extend reveal the remaining values of vernacular architecture and provide valuable lessons for modern applications. <br />Three most common housing prototypes in Vietnam are selected. Afterward a comprehensive framework is implemented to derive thermal performances of 3 typical housing types. Various techniques (in situ monitoring, building thermal simulation, CFD and airflow network model, numerical model calibration, parametric simulation method) are employed to improve the thermal performances and natural ventilation of these houses. <br />The sensitivity of building performance to the design variables is outlined by Monte Carlo-based sensitivity analysis. The thermal performances of the reference cases are optimized using the simulation-based optimization method and the most influential design variables. Optimization results show the best combinations of design strategies for each climatic region. The performances of the optimal solutions are compared with the references, providing an insight of the efficiency of this approach in building design. <br />Finally, the different objectives yielded in this thesis are summarized. The possible future extensions of this research are outlined. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/147337 Title: Survey d'un schéma de structure <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Scheffers, Patricia http://hdl.handle.net/2268/147286 Title: Analyse par simulation 3D de l'efficacité énergétique et du confort dans les bâtiments. Evaluation de différentes technologies sur des cas de validation académiques <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Goffaux, Cécile; Van Moeseke, Geoffrey; Barbason, Mathieu; Reiter, Sigrid http://hdl.handle.net/2268/147284 Title: Evaluation du besoin de cogénération en Belgique dans la perspective des plans 2020-2030. Rapport final. <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Pacot, Pierre-Emmanuel; Reiter, Sigrid http://hdl.handle.net/2268/147283 Title: Cartographie des Emissions annuelles de CO2 dues aux consommations énergétiques des bâtiments tertiaires en Région wallonne. Rapport de synthèse. <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Barbason, Mathieu; Reiter, Sigrid http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145895 Title: Une idée de la ville au travers des mythes <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gilles, Isabelle http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145885 Title: La perspective. Histoire et techniques <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gilles, Isabelle http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145884 Title: Les peintures du bâti dans les traités d’architecture <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gilles, Isabelle http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145883 Title: Architecture et vie sociale à la Cour de France au XVIe siècle, présentation de l'étude de Monique Chatenet <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gilles, Isabelle http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145882 Title: Les livres d’architecture français des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gilles, Isabelle http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145881 Title: Le XVIIIe siècle en France: Art et culture <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gilles, Isabelle http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145880 Title: Théorie de l’architecture et restauration <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gilles, Isabelle http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145879 Title: Les sources pour l’Histoire de l’architecture des Temps modernes en Wallonie <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gilles, Isabelle http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145878 Title: La Cité de Liège durant l'Ancien Régime : du tissu urbain à l'organisation intérieure de l'habitation <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gilles, Isabelle http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145877 Title: Les pigments du patrimoine bâti, à la lumière de quelques traités d’architecture <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gilles, Isabelle http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145876 Title: Lecture croisée des traités d’architecture français et de la distribution des hôtels particuliers de la Cité de Liège au XVIIIe siècle <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gilles, Isabelle http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145875 Title: La couleur des dehors dans les traités d’architecture français, XVIe-XVIIIe siècle <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gilles, Isabelle <br/> <br/>Abstract: Témoin fondamental pour l’étude du bâti, le traité d’architecture constitue une source textuelle et iconographique, et plus généralement un document contextuel, qui détermine les règles de l’architecture dans ses dimensions les plus vastes : culturelles, sociales, économiques, techniques… Ainsi, dans le domaine de la « peinture d’impression », les auteurs nous livrent aussi bien des informations d’ordre technique (matières et mises en œuvre) que les usages d’une architecture pensée et écrite avec soin, dans laquelle chaque élément – et chaque couleur – occupe une place bien déterminée. Si la couleur des « dedans » prend naturellement le dessus dans une conception française de l’architecture qui a poussé au plus haut point l’art de la distribution, la couleur des « dehors » n’est néanmoins pas négligée. Aussi trouverons-nous dans les traités d’architecture les techniques et les usages qui conviennent aux « dehors » ; informations qui sont susceptibles de guider le restaurateur dans les choix d’intervention qu’il projette sur le bâti ancien. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145874 Title: L’ornement au service de la distribution dans les traités d’architecture français <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gilles, Isabelle <br/> <br/>Abstract: L’acception du terme ornement diffère d’un traité d’architecture à l’autre, et recouvre, parfois au sein d’un même ouvrage, deux concepts qu'aujourd’hui nous tendons à opposer : le structurel et l’accessoire. Or, si ces deux notions sont replacées, à leur juste mesure, dans la théorie de l’architecture des Temps Modernes, il apparaît clairement que l’ornement, – qu’il soit défini comme un élément de support dans le système des ordres ou comme la décoration générale d’un édifice –, occupe un rôle essentiel dans la conception totale d’un espace bâti, dans laquelle « toutes les parties d’Architecture, de Sculpture, & de Peinture ne doivent faire ensemble qu’un seul & même tout » (Boffrand, 1745). A ce titre, l’ornement assure donc pleinement la fonction sociale, économique, politique… dévolue communément à l’architecture. Dans cette communication, nous proposons d’aborder l’ornement en sa qualité d’élément de composition de l’espace bâti. Plus précisément, à travers les discours des théoriciens français de l’architecture du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, nous étudierons la façon dont l’ornement intervient dans la question de la distribution des édifices ; cet art français par excellence d’organiser et de définir les espaces de vie. <br/> <br/>Commentary: La préparation de la publication des actes du colloque est en cours