http://hdl.handle.net/2268/78 Chercher dans ce canal chercher http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/2268/147229 Titre: Zones d'activité économique en Wallonie : quelles retombées fiscales pour les communes ? <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Xhignesse, Guillaume; Bianchet, Bruno; Bourgeois, Marc; Gathon, Henry-Jean; Teller, Jacques; Jurion, Bernard <br/> <br/>Résumé: Les zones d'activité économique constituent, en Wallonie, un des leviers majeurs à disposition du Gouvernement pour favoriser le développement économique. Leur implantation suscite toutefois de nombreux débats au sein des élus locaux. Ces débats sont notamment alimentés par la perception que ces zones génèrent des recettes fiscales très limitées pour les communes. Cette contribution propose une analyse et une mesure des facteurs qui influencent ces recettes et, par conséquent, les choix locaux en matière d'affectation de l'espace. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145921 Titre: Optimal Fertility along the Lifecycle <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Pestieau, Pierre; Ponthiere, Grégory http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145530 Titre: Les éco-quartiers : vers la généralisation d'une alternative à l'étalement urbain ? <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Halleux, Jean-Marie; Strée, Julie http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145502 Titre: Bimby : un potentiel pour l'urbanisation future en Europe du Nord-Ouest ? <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Halleux, Jean-Marie http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145499 Titre: Comment gérer la densification par les promoteurs, par les particuliers et par les outils d'urbanisme ? <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Halleux, Jean-Marie <br/> <br/>Commentaires: La vidéo de l'intervention est disponible à l'adresse suivante : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RY2YlC_QE3c&feature=youtu.be http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145445 Titre: Modelling Route Choice Decisions of Car Travellers Using Combined GPS and Diary Data <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Ramaekers, Katrien; Reumers, Sofie; Wets, Geert; Cools, Mario <br/> <br/>Résumé: The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between activity patterns and route choice decisions. The focus is twofold: on the one hand, the relationship between the purpose of a trip and the road categories used for the relocation is investigated; on the other hand, the relationship between the purpose of a trip and the deviation from the shortest path is studied. The data for this study were collected in 2006 and 2007 in Flanders, the Dutch speaking and northern part of Belgium. To estimate the relationship between the primary road category travelled on and the corresponding activity-travel behaviour a multinomial logit model is developed. To estimate the relationship between the deviation from the shortest path and the corresponding activity-travel behaviour a Tobit model is developed. The results of the first model point out that route choice is a function of multiple factors, not just travel time or distance. Crucial for modelling route choices or in general for traffic assignment procedures is the conclusion that activity patterns have a clear influence on the road category primarily driven on. Particularly, it was shown that the likelihood of taking primarily through roads is highest for work trips and lowest for leisure trips. The second model shows a significant relationship between the deviation from the shortest path and the purpose of the trip. Furthermore, next to trip-related attributes (trip distance), also socio-demographic variables and geographical differences play an important role. These results certainly suggest that traffic assignment procedures should be developed that explicitly take into account an activity-based segmentation. In addition, it was shown that route choices were similar during peak and off-peak periods. This is an indication that car drivers are not necessarily utility maximizers, or that classical utility functions in the context of route choices are omitting important explanatory variables. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/144127 Titre: Production de l'habitat et enjeux territoriaux <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Halleux, Jean-Marie; Strée, Julie <br/> <br/>Résumé: Le projet de recherche est basé sur le concept de système de production de l'habitat. Un système de production de l'habitat vise à accroître et à améliorer l'offre en logements. Il se structure par les interactions entre les modes d'habiter (la demande), les modes de production (l'offre) et les modes de gestion (l'intervention de la puissance publique). Pour le contexte wallon, le système de production actuel est lié à un usage peu parcimonieux de la ressource foncière et à des problèmes importants d’étalement de la périurbanisation. Néanmoins, des signaux avant-coureurs de la mise en place d'un système de production plus vertueux vis-à-vis des principes stratégiques de l'aménagement du territoire semblent se manifester. La recherche I.5. intitulée « Production de l’habitat et enjeux territoriaux » ambitionne d'étudier l'ampleur de ces changements et de comprendre quels sont les processus socioéconomiques qui les instituent. Au final, son objectif est de préciser comment l’intervention de la puissance publique peut s’appuyer sur ces pratiques émergentes en vue de soutenir la transition vers un nouveau système pour la production de l’habitat wallon. Notre ambition est donc d’identifier les conditions qui conduisent à des pratiques plus vertueuses vis-à-vis des principes stratégiques de l’aménagement durable, afin de les renforcer et de les généraliser dès que possible. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143252 Titre: Avoiding congestion in freight transport planning: a case study in Flanders <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Caris, An; Cools, Mario; Debels, Dieter <br/> <br/>Résumé: A substantial increase in transport intensity for passenger and freight traffic has been observed during the last decades and research confirms that this trend will continue in the years to come. Economic centres have turned into heavily congested areas. The freight transport sector incurs excessive waiting times on the road as well as at intermediate stops (e.g. sea terminals, loading or unloading points). This may cause economic losses and environmental damages. Waiting times may be avoided by taking into account congestion in freight transport planning. Vehicle routing problems arise when several pickup and delivery operations need to be performed, mainly by truck, over relatively short distances [1]. Congestion leads to uncertain travel times on links and uncertain waiting times at pickup or delivery locations. Peak hours may be avoided on congested road segments by changing the order in which customers are served. On the other hand, time slots at customer sites may be renegotiated, creating more flexibility to avoid congestion on the road and at customer stops. The objective of this paper is to estimate the benefits of taking congestion into account in transport planning and to quantify the impact of delivery restrictions on transport costs. A highly congested road network raises the need for robust vehicle routing decisions. Current traffic conditions give rise to uncertain travel times. The reliability of travel time on a route is one of the dominant factors affecting route and departure time choices in passenger transport [2]. Similarly, in freight transport the reliability of travel times may be taken into account when planning vehicle routes. In this paper congestion is modelled as time-dependent travel times. These travel times take into account the dynamics of the time lost due to congestion using the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) function, which is commonly-used for relating travel times to increases in travel volume [3]. The Time Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem (TDVRP) will be studied as a deterministic planning problem taking into account peak hour traffic congestion. Solution methods for the TDVRP have been focused on heuristic approaches [4, 5, 6, 7]. Kok [8] applies a restricted dynamic programming heuristic to solve a TDVRP. In this paper a heuristic algorithm will be presented to solve problem instances of realistic size. Next, this algorithm will be applied to perform a sensitivity analysis to identify which congestion avoiding strategies have a large influence on the objective function. Shippers may adapt the way they plan their transport as a strategy to avoid congestion. For example, time windows at customer locations may be renegotiated, departure times at the depot may be questioned or the assignment of customers to routes and the order in which customers are served may be changed. The proposed methodology will be demonstrated with a Flemish case study. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143251 Titre: The dual role of weather forecasts on changes in activity-travel behavior <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Cools, Mario; Creemers, Lieve; Janssens, Davy; Wets, Geert <br/> <br/>Résumé: In previous studies, conflicting results could be found regarding the impact of weather forecasts on travel decisions, e.g. Khattak and De Palma (1997) found no significant effect of acquiring forecasted weather information on the probability of adapting mode and departure time, whereas the results reported by Hagens (2005), Niina (2009) and Kilpelainen and Summala (2007) indicated that weather forecast do play an important role. Therefore this paper investigates the changes in activity-travel behavior in response to weather forecasts. The data for this study is collected by means of a stated adaptation survey, which is both administered on the internet and via a traditional paper and pencil questionnaire. In total, 595 respondents completed the survey. To obtain an optimal correspondence between the true population and the sample weights are assigned to the observation. Results indicate that weather information plays a dual role. On the one hand people do alter their activity-travel behavior in response to weather information, albeit these changes are not as pronounced when compared to actual weather. On the other hand the extent (frequency and media type) to which people are exposed to these weather forecasts appears to play only a marginal role. This dual role weather information plays in this study appears to be supported by the conflicting international literature and therefore revealing the underlying psychological motivations to change one's activity-travel behavior is a key challenge for further research. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143249 Titre: An integrated micro-simulation modeling framework to measure and predict emissions and dynamic exposure <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Janssens, Davy; Cools, Mario; Vanhoof, Koen; Wets, Geert; Bellemans, Tom; Beckx, Carolien; Int Panis, Luc; Mitov, Iliya; Markov, Krassimir http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143247 Titre: The use of time use surveys to study activity participation: emerging issues <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Cools, Mario; Moons, Elke; Wets, Geert <br/> <br/>Résumé: Time use surveys often are carried out to identify, classify and quantify social behaviour of people by focusing on the activities that people perform. Time use data, in the transportation field often referred to as activity-based data, can be used to study a variety of sociological, economic, and technological phenomena. Studying behaviour, social networks and transport patterns are a few of the topics that can be analysed based on these time use data. This first introductory paper discusses some emerging issues in the collection of travel-related data such as automatic spatial information recording using cell phones and GPS, and survey design experiences. On the one hand new technology offers the opportunity to record at a relative low cost a wide variety of the data, while on the other hand new problems occur. One of such problems for instance is the problems of ‘cold starts’ faced with GPS devices, clouding the first minutes of recording after each restart of the device after it was turned off completely. Notwithstanding, applications of new technologies offer the opportunity for performing detailed space-time analyses in different fields ranging from epidemiology to transportation science. Some of these applications are highlighted in this session. Next to the advantages and potential risks of new technologies, this introductory paper also discusses the combination of different modes to analyze space-time behaviour. In particular, this study investigates potential mixed mode design effects, observed in a large activity-based travel survey, using a PDA application on the one hand, and traditional paper and pencil diaries on the other hand. The mixed-mode effects are analysed using heteroscedastic linear regression models, taking into account not only mode-effects, but also potential fatigue-effects. The results show that in this mixed-mode survey no attrition effects are present, and that the survey mode (PDA versus paper and pencil) has no direct impact on the quantities investigated (number of out-of-home activities reported and number of trips). http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143246 Titre: An activity-based approach for surveying and modelling travel behaviour: analysis of the mixed-mode design effects <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Cools, Mario; Moons, Elke; Wets, Geert <br/> <br/>Résumé: Reports from various international organisations, like for instance the European Commission’s White paper “European transport policy for 2010: time to decide” show that policy makers acknowledge the increasing importance of mobility. Mobility is not just considered to be a cornerstone for economic growth, but also seen as a social need that offers people the opportunity for self-fulfilment and relaxation. In order to lead an efficient policy, governments require reliable predictions of travel behaviour, traffic performance, and traffic safety. Thus, traffic and transportation models can provide the right framework to support long-term decisions. On an international level, activity-based models have become one of the leading paradigms to model travel behaviour. The most important characteristic of these models is that travel is considered as a derivative from the activities that individuals and households need or wish to perform. This means that travel is no longer seen as an isolated fact in these models, which is a great advantage in comparison to the classic models. The development of activity-based models requires very specific data. Since a special emphasis was laid on the dynamic character of the model, both the planned and executed activities were surveyed. 2500 households were selected using a stratified cluster technique. The selected household were asked to fill out an activity-diary and to report rescheduling decisions during a one-week period. Approximately one half of the households received a PDA-module; the other half was surveyed by means of a traditional paper-and-pencil diary. Although both data collection modes were designed in such way that the correspondence of the questions was optimised, it remains essential to identify differences in the data that are introduced by using multiple modes. This paper starts with describing the differences that existed in the questionnaire design of the two modes, and then further explores the statistical differences in terms of some key observations, such as average number of trips reported, and average travel time. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143245 Titre: Regular events in travel behaviour research: setup of a longitudinal websurvey <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Cools, Mario; Moons, Elke; Wets, Geert <br/> <br/>Résumé: One of the leading paradigms in modern travel behaviour research is the activity based approach, which considers travel as a derivative from the activities that individuals and households need or wish to perform. Longitudinal designs provide the required framework for a better understanding of the dynamics of travel behaviour. Longitudinal data can be used to analyze behavioural adjustments some time before (response leads) or after (response lags) the occurrence of an event, or for instance to analyze routine behaviour. The questionnaire used to collect the data will be an activity diary. The respondents are asked to fill in all their activities performed that day. The diaries have to be filled in at least twice a week. These moments are randomly selected, but in weeks when a special event occurs, the days around this special event are questioned as well. Performing a longitudinal study has certain drawbacks however. The respondent burden can cause different side-effects, such as panel attrition, decreasing representativeness and, reporting errors. Thus, next to refreshing the sample regularly, trying to keep the respondents motivated is essential. A first step in lowering the respondent burden is to make the activity diaries user-friendly. An internetbased questionnaire makes interaction with respondents possible. The respondent’s current results can be graphically displayed (e.g. geographical map of activity-pattern), potentially awakening or strengthening the interest in the study. Logical rules (e.g. two activities on two different locations require a trip in between) can be formulated, and the interaction with the respondents allows the researcher to get feedback on “strange” answers, or on missing values, thus improving the data quality. This paper describes some potential paths to minimise sample attrition (e.g. internet-based interaction with respondents) and ways to refresh the sample. These findings are applied to the study of travel behaviour of Flemish households around school holidays. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143244 Titre: Semantic Annotation of GPS Traces: Activity Type Inference <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Reumers, Sofie; Liu, Feng; Janssens, Davy; Cools, Mario; Wets, Geert <br/> <br/>Résumé: Due to the rapid development of technology, larger data sets concerning activity travel behavior become available. These data sets often lack semantic interpretation. This implies that annotation in terms of activity type and transportation mode is necessary. This paper aims to infer activity types from GPS traces by developing a decision tree-based model. The model only considers activity start times and activity durations. Based on the decision tree classification, a probability distribution and a point prediction model were constructed. The probability matrix describes the probability of each activity type for each class (i.e. combination of activity start time and activity duration). In each class, the point prediction model selects the activity type that has the highest probability. Two types of data were collected in 2006 and 2007 in Flanders, Belgium, i.e. activity travel data and GPS data. The optimal classification tree constructed comprises 18 leaves. Consequently, 18 if-then rules were derived. An accuracy of 74% was achieved when training the tree. The accuracy of the model for the validation set, i.e. 72.5%, shows that overfitting is minimal. When applying the model to the test set, the accuracy was almost 76%. The models indicate the importance of time information in the semantic enrichment process. This study contributes to future data collection in that it enables researchers to directly infer activity types from activity start time and duration information obtained from GPS data. Because no location information is needed, this research can be easily and readily implemented to millions of individual agents. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143243 Titre: Investigation of the Determinants of Travelers’ Mental Knowledge of Public Parking Facilities <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Cools, Mario; van der Waerden, Peter; Janssens, Davy <br/> <br/>Résumé: This paper describes a study of car drivers’ familiarity with the parking situation in the vicinity of a regional shopping center. The data used for this study are collected in Hasselt, a medium sized city in Belgium. The central shopping area of Hasselt is surrounded by 23 public parking facilities. 1007 residents have been asked to indicate if they are familiar with each parking facility. The concept of familiarity was related to the socio-demographic and cognitive attributes of the respondents, their trips to the city center and the type of parking facility using multinomial logistic regression and bivariate probit regression. The results show that familiarity with parking facilities is especially related to age and education, and to the frequency of car use towards the city centre, and to a lesser extent to place of residence, income and perceived mental knowledge. In addition to these results, this paper demonstrates the value of collecting virtual buffer data by means of an online survey tool. The authors recommend that simulation models that predict parking choice behavior take into account the different levels of familiarity with parking facilities, and the contributing factors. An important avenue for further research is the combination of personal and facility specific information to assess the familiarity with different types of parking facilities. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143242 Titre: Boosting Response Rates: Evidence from Flemish Travel Behavior Survey <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Cools, Mario <br/> <br/>Résumé: This paper investigates the transition of the Flemish travel survey (OVG) from a household-based travel survey to a person-based travel survey. The paper examines the design features of the different OVGs, with particular attention to the resulting response rates. In addition to the sample unit, the contact and survey procedure has switched from telephone/postal to face-to-face. The most striking effect of the changed methodology is the spectacular increase in the response rates: overall response rates of the most recent OVGs were more than double that of the previous OVGs, resulting in overall response rates of 75%. In addition, the likelihood that some questionnaires were missing (e.g. diaries were retrieved, but household questionnaires were not) decreased from 7% to 3%. Furthermore, the paper shows that a person-based travel survey still can be used for travel demand modeling frameworks that incorporate (some) household interactions. Notwithstanding, some issues have been raised, such as the decreased comparability of travel figures due to the changes in the survey design. In conclusion, the inclusion of a “with whom” dimension in the trip diary is recommended, and it is advocated that policy makers should clearly outline the primary objectives for the OVG for the coming years. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143241 Titre: Onderzoek Verplaatsingsgedrag Vlaanderen 4.2 (2009-2010): Analyserapport <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Janssens, Davy; Cools, Mario; Miermans, Willy; Declercq, Katrien; Wets, Geert http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143240 Titre: Onderzoek Verplaatsingsgedrag Vlaanderen 4.2 (2009-2010): Tabellenrapport <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Cools, Mario; Declercq, Katrien; Janssens, Davy; Wets, Geert http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143239 Titre: Onderzoek Verplaatsingsgedrag Vlaanderen 4.1 (2008-2009): Verkeerskundige interpretatie van de belangrijkste gegevens <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Miermans, Willy; Janssens, Davy; Cools, Mario; Wets, Geert http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143238 Titre: Onderzoek Verplaatsingsgedrag Vlaanderen 4.1 (2008-2009): Tabellenrapport <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Cools, Mario; Declercq, Katrien; Janssens, Davy; Wets, Geert