http://hdl.handle.net/2268/165 Chercher dans ce canal chercher http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148822 Titre: Models and prospects for a sustainable suburban transition. <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Marique, Anne-Françoise; Reiter, Sigrid <br/> <br/>Résumé: This paper addresses the challenges, transformations and conditions of a sustainable suburban transition. Two powerful levers are used: (1) urban form, which is considered in addition to the individual building scale, and (2) mobility, because sprawl spatially separates activities, resulting in an increase in travel distances and energy used in transportation. Two main indicators (the heating needs of different types of suburban forms and a commute performance index) are developed and discussed. Three scenarios focused on the evolution of the existing building stock are modelled and assessed (the retrofitting of existing neighbourhoods, an increase in the built density and demolition / reconstruction) to answer two main questions: "how to intervene in suburban areas?" and" where to intervene? ". These main results focused on energy efficiency are then studied in a larger framework to highlight the opportunities, limitations, constraints and feasibility of each strategy. Concrete prospects and guidelines for policy makers are finally proposed to operationalize a "sustainable suburban renewal". These findings show that, beyond the traditional polarization of the debates on energy efficiency of our built environment between the “compact city” and the “sprawled city”, a new pragmatic paradigm, focused on the transition of suburban areas by densification, can make suburban areas evolve towards more sustainability. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148821 Titre: Perspectives pour une transition durable des territoires périurbains. <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Marique, Anne-Françoise; Reiter, Sigrid <br/> <br/>Résumé: L’article traite de la transition durable des territoires périurbains. Deux leviers d’action sont mobilisés à cette fin: (1) la forme urbaine et (2) la mobilité. Trois types de scénarios centrés sur une évolution du stock bâti existant sont modélisés et évalués (la rénovation énergétique, la densification et la démolition/reconstruction) de façon à répondre à deux questions : « comment intervenir dans les quartiers périurbains existants? » et « où intervenir? ». Ces simulations montrent que le renouvellement périurbain par densification des quartiers les mieux localisés permet de dépasser le clivage traditionnel entre les modèles de la « ville compacte » et de la « ville diffuse », en offrant de véritables opportunités pour la transition durable des territoires périurbains existants. Ces résultats théoriques, et appréhendés du seul point de vue énergétique, sont ensuite recadrés dans un contexte plus large pour mettre en évidence les opportunités, les limitations, les contraintes et la faisabilité de ces scénarios. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/147736 Titre: Le rôle de l'immobilier d'entreprise dans la compétitivité des territoires : le cas de la Wallonie <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Vandermeer, Marie-Caroline; Halleux, Jean-Marie <br/> <br/>Résumé: La recherche doctorale en relation avec cet article vise à préciser les liens entre la compétitivité territoriale, l’immobilier d’entreprise et le sujet des parcs d’activités économiques. Le terrain empirique investigué est celui de la Wallonie, une région où la disponibilité en terrains à vocation économique est considérée comme un levier essentiel du redéploiement économique. L’objectif de cet article est de rendre compte des grands questionnements ayant conduit à structurer notre projet de thèse. Afin de répondre à cet objectif, nous avons organisé l’article en trois chapitres. Le premier vise à présenter le contexte investigué. Nous y dressons un bref état des lieux quant à la problématique des parcs d’activités en Wallonie. Au deuxième chapitre, nous synthétisons notre état de l’art, en précisant comment la compétitivité territoriale s’articule au domaine de l’immobilier d’entreprise. Enfin, en troisième partie, nous présentons les principales étapes de notre projet doctoral, dont l’objectif opérationnel est d’aider les autorités wallonnes à mieux préciser leur stratégie en matière de terrains à vocation économique. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/146951 Titre: Étude comparative entre les préférences révélées et déclarées: Les maisons d’habitation en région liégeoise <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Dethier, Perrine http://hdl.handle.net/2268/146339 Titre: Social insurance competition between Bismarck and Beveridge <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Cremer, H.; Pestieau, Pierre <br/> <br/>Résumé: Social insurance schemes differ according to the relationship between contributions and benefits. Bismarckian systems provide earnings-related benefits, while Beveridgean systems offer flat payments. The conventional wisdom is that with factor mobility poor people have incentives to move towards Beveridgean countries. Consequently, Beveridgean regimes would not be sustainable under economic integration. This paper studies the validity of such a conjecture within a simple model. It is shown that mobility does have a significant impact on social protection. However, the equilibrium patterns that can emerge are more complex and diversified than the initial conjecture suggests. In some cases, the equilibrium may even imply that all the poor move to the Bismarckian country. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/146014 Titre: Rencontrer les besoins quantitatifs et qualitatifs des entreprises en foncier et en immobilier (Dynamique "Horizon 2022" : Mobilisation du territoire, les communautés de territoire et leur organisation) <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Halleux, Jean-Marie; Marsden, André http://hdl.handle.net/2268/145530 Titre: Les éco-quartiers : vers la généralisation d'une alternative à l'étalement urbain ? <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Halleux, Jean-Marie; Strée, Julie http://hdl.handle.net/2268/144625 Titre: Belgique boom. Les défis d'une croissance démographique inédite depuis les années 60 <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Halleux, Jean-Marie <br/> <br/>Résumé: Lors des années deux-mille, la Belgique a retrouvé une croissance démographique inédite depuis les années soixante, avec des taux de croissance annuels compris entre le demi-pourcent et le pourcent. Derrière ces taux, qui peuvent sembler faibles, se cache un peuplement de plus de 600.000 personnes. En une dizaine d’année, la Belgique a donc dû répondre aux besoins d’une population nouvelle supérieure à la population d’une ville telle qu’Anvers. Sur base des perspectives démographiques calibrées par le Bureau fédéral du Plan , des taux aussi élevés devraient se maintenir lors des prochaines décennies, pour faire de la Belgique un pays de plus de 13 millions d’habitants à l’horizon 2050 (contre ± 11 millions actuellement). http://hdl.handle.net/2268/144127 Titre: Production de l'habitat et enjeux territoriaux <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Halleux, Jean-Marie; Strée, Julie <br/> <br/>Résumé: Le projet de recherche est basé sur le concept de système de production de l'habitat. Un système de production de l'habitat vise à accroître et à améliorer l'offre en logements. Il se structure par les interactions entre les modes d'habiter (la demande), les modes de production (l'offre) et les modes de gestion (l'intervention de la puissance publique). Pour le contexte wallon, le système de production actuel est lié à un usage peu parcimonieux de la ressource foncière et à des problèmes importants d’étalement de la périurbanisation. Néanmoins, des signaux avant-coureurs de la mise en place d'un système de production plus vertueux vis-à-vis des principes stratégiques de l'aménagement du territoire semblent se manifester. La recherche I.5. intitulée « Production de l’habitat et enjeux territoriaux » ambitionne d'étudier l'ampleur de ces changements et de comprendre quels sont les processus socioéconomiques qui les instituent. Au final, son objectif est de préciser comment l’intervention de la puissance publique peut s’appuyer sur ces pratiques émergentes en vue de soutenir la transition vers un nouveau système pour la production de l’habitat wallon. Notre ambition est donc d’identifier les conditions qui conduisent à des pratiques plus vertueuses vis-à-vis des principes stratégiques de l’aménagement durable, afin de les renforcer et de les généraliser dès que possible. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143896 Titre: Objectivation des besoins fonciers et immobiliers des entreprises en Wallonie. Discussion méthodologique <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Vandermeer, Marie-Caroline http://hdl.handle.net/2268/143818 Titre: Modeling the mutation of socio-ecosystems in Central Africa <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Gillet, Pauline; Vermeulen, Cédric http://hdl.handle.net/2268/133911 Titre: La transition des territoires périurbains vers un modèle plus durable : perspectives pour le renouvellement périurbain. <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Marique, Anne-Françoise; Reiter, Sigrid <br/> <br/>Résumé: L’article aborde la question du recyclage des quartiers périurbains existants sous l'angle énergétique. Deux leviers d’actions sont mobilisés à cet effet : la forme urbaine, qui est étudiée en complémentarité de l’échelle du bâtiment individuel, et la mobilité, car l’étalement urbain est entretenu et favorisé, en grande partie par la dépendance à la voiture individuelle. Deux indicateurs principaux (les besoins de chauffage de différents types de formes périurbaines et un indice de performance des déplacements) sont développés et discutés pour mettre en évidence les scénarios de renouvellement les plus adaptés et répondre à deux questions : « comment intervenir dans les quartiers périurbains existants ? » et « où intervenir ? ». Des pistes concrètes visant à l’opérationnalisation d’un « renouvellement périurbain » plus durable sont ensuite proposées. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/131680 Titre: Urban sprawl, commuting and travel energy consumption <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Marique, Anne-Françoise; Dujardin, Sébastien; Teller, Jacques; Reiter, Sigrid <br/> <br/>Résumé: Commuting to and from dense urban centres is often believed to be more energy efficient than commuting from more suburban areas. However, quantitative evidence is lacking. In this context, this paper investigates the interactions between the spatial structure of the territory and transport energy consumption for commuting. Based on empirical surveys carried out every 10 years in Belgium, a quantitative method was developed and applied to assess energy efficiency of home-to-work and home-to-school travels. Our main findings highlight that urban structure acts upon travel energy consumption for commuting and that major cities present low energy consumption. However, a local-scale approach is useful for refining these observations, and this approach highlights the existence of secondary suburban and rural cores that also are characterized by low transport energy consumption. In this respect, the distance from home to a destination is paramount, whereas the mode of transport used has a lower impact. The method is parameterised and reproducible in other territories. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/130237 Titre: Social reform and federalist option in an early 1920s’ Zionist pre-State regional planning scheme <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Fisher, Axel <br/> <br/>Résumé: In Israeli architectural history, both the official dominant position and the emerging critique usually trace the birth of Zionist comprehensive regional planning policy back to the 1930s and to the rise of the so-called Bauhaus-style modernist architecture and urban planning. Looking back to the early 1920s, the Jewish colonization of British Mandate Palestine experienced a major shift, turning from a sporadic and experimental phenomenon to a conscious mass strategy. The Zionist Organization and its many agencies gained a hegemonic role in driving the “Return of the Jewish people to the (Promised) Land” and to agriculture. Hence, Zionism faced for the first time the problem of establishing the forms and features of the Israeli Nation-Space.A key figure in this process was the German-born Jewish architect Richard Kauffmann (1887-1958), which planned most of the new agricultural and urban settlements promoted by the Zionist Organization in Palestine.Placing side by side each of Kauffmann’s plans, an early pre-State regional planning scheme emerges. One that envisioned the Jezreel Valley as the future “core” of the Israeli nation-state shaped as complex polycentric urban network. There, a new national identity based on social reform, agrarianism and the reinterpretation of local geographic possibilities would have developed along an “ancient-modern” transcontinental route between the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Discussing Kauffmann’s contribution to the architectural and landscape expression of this ambitious and controversial resettlement project against geopolitical, agricultural and ideological issues, an alternative narrative of Zionist modern architecture and planning might open up and present-day architectural and planning practice’s “lost of the centre” can be usefully questioned. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/130236 Titre: Planning the capital city of a "community of fortune" in the Soviet Far-East: the Hannes Meyer brigade's scheme for the Jewish autonomous oblast of Birobidzhan (1933-1934) <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Fisher, Axel <br/> <br/>Résumé: The creation of the first modern-era Jewish state, Birobidzhan, in early 1930s’ Soviet Union, can be considered as a curtain-raiser attempt to propose a socialist solution to the “Jewish Question” which, as a second thought, also had a part in the regime’s propagandistic maneuvers enacted to downsize the rising influence of Zionism in the country. Nevertheless, this experiment aroused a widespread enthusiasm and called for the participation of both Jews and non-Jews to this “small step in the realization of the Leninist policy on nationalities”. Among these stood Hannes Meyer (1889-1954), the Swiss-born Marxist architect and former director of Dessau’s Bauhaus (1928-1930), which – assisted by his “planning brigade” – offered its expertise to the Soviet Institute for Urban Planning (GIPROGOR) from 1930 to 1936 as chief-planner for Siberia and the Far East. Within this context, Meyer’s brigade was entrusted with the preparation of a scheme for the transformation of the small town of Tikhonkaya situated along the Trans-Siberian Railway into the new Capital of Birobidzhan. This scheme, one of Meyer’s last projects in Soviet Union, represents a step in the planer’s line of research focused on the forms and principles of the “socialist city” – the “elastic city” theory – but, unlike his previous schemes, this work also had to face an additional challenge: expressing the new Jewish national identity of the city and its role as the Soviet Jewish people’s Capital city. How did the planner achieve these goals and what place did modern planning models, the “rhetoric of rationality”, Jewish culture, vernacular architectural and urban forms, the local geographical features and landscape hold in the design and figuration process? http://hdl.handle.net/2268/130235 Titre: Agro-Joint agricultural colonies in Crimea and southern Ukraine (1924-1938): Fordism and settlement patterns <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Fisher, Axel <br/> <br/>Résumé: The Agro-Joint project (1924-1938), conceived and directed by the Russian-born American agronomist Joseph Rosen (1877-1949) and promoted by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, was one of the most effective and ambitious philanthropic relief programs envisioned and implemented for the resettlement and «productivization» of Russian Jews as avant-garde farmers in Soviet Crimea and southern Ukraine. The present paper discusses, from a planner and architect’s perspectives, some of the Agro-Joint plans, projects and planning reports contained in the J. Rosen archives stored at the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research (New York). http://hdl.handle.net/2268/130234 Titre: Envisioning the future city through the interpretation of the ‘geographic stage’: Richard Kauffmann’s ‘possibilist’ schemes for Afula (1923-1925) and the Haifa Bay (1925-1926) <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Fisher, Axel <br/> <br/>Résumé: In mid-1920s British Mandate Palestine, the German-born Jewish architect and planner, Richard Kauffmann (1887-1958), prepared a town planning scheme for Afula and a ‘preliminary regional development scheme for the Haifa Bay’. The topical relevance of these two experiments stands in the original relations they attempted to establish with the physical environment and the ‘geographic stage’ at a national scale. The chosen location for the foundation of the new town of Afula as an ‘intermediate agro-city’ was the barycentre of the Jezreel Valley, ‘cradle of the agricultural Communities’ and ‘core of the Jewish State’ (Koestler, 1946). Haifa, instead, was to be implemented into a major port city aimed to compete with Beirut on the international scene as the new ‘gateway to the East’, enhancing its local natural resources and features. Both schemes gain further consistency when considered within the wider frame of Zionist settlement strategy in British Mandate Palestine, especially along the Jezreel Valley, where Kauffmann also planned many agricultural settlements. Together, Kauffmann's 1920s’ projects form an early pre-State regional planning scheme. If this first comprehensive expression of the Zionist Nation-Space naïvely neglected the presence of the Arab Other, it did not entail yet the later obsession of Zionist and Israeli planning with military-led territorial conquest. Instead, the dominant theme of this early Zionist vision of the future Nation’s geographical horizon was the building of a new collective identity grounded in agriculture and the reinterpretation of local geographic possibilities: the development of an ‘ancient-modern’ transcontinental route between the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Widely overshadowed by both the official dominant Israeli architectural history and by the emerging critique, this experiment could instead open up to an alternative narrative of Zionist modern architecture and planning and usefully question present-day architectural and planning practice’s 'lost of the centre'. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/130233 Titre: Migrazioni e processi insediativi la visione dello Spazio-Nazione sionista in Palestina negli anni Venti letta attraverso i progetti di Richard Kauffmann <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Fisher, Axel <br/> <br/>Résumé: Il Grande Incendio di Salonicco (1917) e la sua ricostruzione contribuirono a ridisegnare la geografia etno-confessionale lungo il nuovo confine greco-turco, ma anche alla transizione della città da “Gerusalemme dei Balcani” a “Capitale dei profughi”. Pochi decenni prima dell’incendio che avrebbe colpito nel corpo la comunità ebraica europea – l’Olocausto – quello di Salonicco concorse ad alimentare fenomeni migratori e progetti di ricostruzione in luoghi distanti : calcando le orme dei loro correligionari centreuropei, gli ebrei di Salonicco emigrarono verso l’Europa occidentale, le Americhe. Alcuni preferirono la Palestina.Dalla fine dell’Ottocento, le persecuzioni razziali in Europa – spesso accompagnate dall’incendio dei luoghi di culto – avevano provocato regolari ondate migratorie verso questa remota provincia dell’Impero ottomano, ora sotto Mandato britannico. A ciascuna di queste ondate corrispondevano altrettante campagne insediative accomunate dallo sforzo di diverse generazioni di agronomi, architetti e urbanisti nella definizione dei caratteri e delle forme del villaggio agricolo ebraico ; « topos » prioritario nella ricostruzione delle nuove identità individuali e collettive ebraiche.Nei primi anni Venti, il riassetto geopolitico del Mediterraneo orientale rappresenta l’occasione per l’Organizzazione sionista di guidare il « ritorno degli ebrei alla loro terra d’origine » e all’agricoltura. Nella Valle di Jesreel si mette in atto un ambizioso progetto di ricostruzione e diradicamento, fisico e culturale a un tempo : un giovane architetto e urbanista di origini tedesche – Richard Kauffmann (1887-1958) – progetta numerosi villaggi agricoli, una piccola agro-città (Afula) e lo sviluppo della Baia di Haifa. La sequenza di questi progetti prefigura un precoce esperimento di pianificazione regionale pre-statale dal quale emerge la prima espressione compiuta di un’idea dello Spazio-Nazione sionista : un sistema insediativo lineare fondato sull’agricoltura, gerarchicamente organizzato e funzionalmente integrato, in cui è possibile apprezzare il grado di necessità del progetto di architettura nel quadro di una strategia di ampio respiro che stabilisce rapporti originali con la natura, la storia e l’« impianto geografico » a scala nazionale. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/124867 Titre: Aménagement du territoire, compétitivité régionale et immobilier d'entreprise en Wallonie <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Vandermeer, Marie-Caroline http://hdl.handle.net/2268/123133 Titre: Toward low energy cities : A case study of the urban area of Liège <br/> <br/>Auteur, co-auteur: Reiter, Sigrid; Marique, Anne-Françoise <br/> <br/>Résumé: Within the framework of sustainable development, it is important to take into account environmental aspects of urban areas related to their energy use. In this article, a methodology is proposed for assessing residential energy uses for buildings and transport at the city scale. This method is based on the use of GIS tools combined with a statistical treatment of urban and transport criteria. The methodology allows to model buildings and transport energy use at the city scale, as well as to consider the possible evolution of the city energy consumption and to simulate the effects of some strategies of urban renewal. An application is given to study different energy management strategies for the urban area of Liège. Buildings and transport energy consumption are compared at the city scale and their possible evolution in the future is highlighted. Forecast scenarios on future energy policies for Liège’s building stock show that the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings and even more selective energy policies applied only on new buildings are not sufficient to widely decrease buildings energy consumptions at the city scale. The renovation of the existing building stock has a much larger positive impact on city energy consumption reductions. The methodology developed in this article can be adapted and/or reproduced on many other urban regions in Belgium but also in Europe or even further.