http://hdl.handle.net/2268/135 Search this channel search http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148494 Title: La structuration du monde paysan au Rwanda : cas des coopératives et des stations de lavage de café de Maraba et de Karaba, District de Huye <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Gisaro Ca-Madeberi, Ya-Bititi <br/> <br/>Abstract: Au Rwanda, l’agriculture est la principale activité économique qui occupe environ 90% de la population active dans les zones rurales. Elle contribue pour plus de 36% dans la formation du PIB. Le café est la principale culture de rente et source de revenu des producteurs, et qui procure des devises importantes pour l’économie nationale. Même si le café n’occupe que 6,3% des superficies cultivées, il est exploité par plus de 500.000 ménages au niveau national. Depuis son introduction au Rwanda en 1904, le café a toujours été exploité par des producteurs individuels au sein de leurs collines. Après la libéralisation de la filière café au Rwanda en 1998, la quantité et la qualité produites ne cessent de décroître, ce qui influe sur le prix et sur le revenu des caféiculteurs. Dans la recherche de solutions à ce problème, l’État rwandais a misé sur le regroupement des producteurs en coopératives et dans la construction des stations de lavage de café (SLC) dans toutes les zones caféicoles au niveau national. Le but est de produire un café entièrement lavé, exportable et mieux coté sur le marché international, et qui puisse fournir des revenus meilleurs pour les paysans producteurs. Les stations de lavage sont alors perçues comme des procédés de production de café de qualité, sont principalement gérées par des coopératives, qui sont des éléments structurants dans le monde rural. Un travail d’enquêtes auprès d’un échantillon de 80 caféiculteurs pendant trois campagnes (2008, 2009, 2010), des interviews, des observations ainsi que des entretiens auprès de différents agents intervenant dans le secteur caféier ont été menés pour comprendre et analyser les effets des SLC et des coopératives sur les producteurs. La présente dissertation originale est consacrée à analyser l’impact de la structuration du monde paysan à travers les coopératives et les stations de lavage de café de Maraba et de Karaba au sud du Rwanda, sur le développement socio-économique des producteurs membres et du monde environnant, en les comparant aux caféiculteurs non membres des coopératives. A travers ces infrastructures et structures mises en place, des emplois sont créés pour les producteurs, les paysans sont motivés, les revenus augmentent, le marché est garanti, les prix sont meilleurs pour les membres, les crédits sont accordés, ce qui améliore le bien-être socioéconomique voire technique des caféiculteurs, et permet de réduire la pauvreté au sein des ménages producteurs.; The agricultural sector is the main economic activity of Rwanda, which occupies approximately 90% of the active population in rural areas. It contributes more than 36% to the GDP. Coffee is the main cash crop and source of income for farmers, and provides major currencies for the national economy. Although it covers only 6.3% of cultivated areas, coffee is produced by 500,000 households in Rwanda. Since its introduction in the country in 1904, coffee has always been operated by individual producers. After the liberalization of the coffee sector in Rwanda in 1998, the quantity and quality produced are steadily decreasing which affects the price and the income of coffee growers. In the search for a solution to this problem, the Rwandan government has focused on the consolidation of producers cooperatives, and on the building of coffee washing stations (CWS) in all coffee growing areas at national level. The goal is to produce a fully washed coffee, exportable and better valued on the international market, which can provide better income for peasant producers. Washing stations are then seen as tools to produce quality coffee and are mainly run by cooperatives, which are structural elements in the rural world. Survey work on a sample of 80 farms for the three seasons (2008, 2009, 2010) as well as interviews with various key agents involved in the coffee sector have been conducted to understand and analyze the effects of CWS and cooperatives on coffee growers. This original dissertation is devoted to analyze the impact resulting from the structure action of the peasant world through cooperatives and coffee washing stations of Maraba and Karaba in southern Rwanda, on the socio-economic development of farmers who are members of a cooperative and the surrounding world by comparing to non-members of cooperatives. Through these facilities and structures put in place, jobs are created for producers, farmers are motivated due to income increases, the market is guaranteed, the prices are higher for members and loans are given, thereby improving the socio-economic and technical assistance to growers, which reduces the poverty among coffee growers’ households. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148470 Title: Complex regulation of the FRD3 gene in Arabidopsis relatives <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Charlier, Jean-Benoit; Polese, Catherine; Nouet, Cécile; Krämer, Ute; Motte, Patrick; Hanikenne, Marc http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148460 Title: The socio-economic resilience of widow’s survivors of the Genocide against Tutsi in Rwamagana District (Eastern Province of Rwanda) <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Militery Ngamata, Olivier; Mbonyinkebe, Deo; Lebailly, Philippe <br/> <br/>Abstract: This article examines the fate of widows survivorsi of the genocide against the Tutsi grouped in the Association of Widows who survived the Genocide-Agahozo (AVEGAii). The following questions were addressed: eighteen years after the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, what have become the widows’ victims of genocide? Did they manage to remake life and adapt themselves to adversity which has been imposed to them by the effects of the genocide? In order to respond to these concerns, we used the literature review, direct observation of the achievements of AVEGA members, semi-structured interviews to 60 widows and 10 key informers including local authorities and AVEGA’s Managers. The study found that the main steps to resilience include (i) psychological reconstruction, (ii) survival and representance which refer to the ability to maintain one alive with a mission to become witness and give courage, support and confidence to those who survived and especially the orphans, and (iii) tutorship efforts which promote the socio-economic conditions of widows. Tutors include the Rwandan Government through the Assistance Fund for Genocide Survivors (FARG) and other public initiatives of poverty reduction, AVEGA association and other NGOs through programs such as the schooling of orphans, housing and health as well as the socio-economic activities that generate income. These activities greatly contributed to these widows’ socio-economic conditions and helped them to feel more self-confident. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148458 Title: Effects of bean seed treatment to the imidacloprid-gaucho on the Bean Stem Maggot, the Black Bean Aphids attacks and the Bean Common Mosaic Virus transmission <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Karangwa, Antoine; Militery Ngamata, Olivier; Ngirincuti H., Jacques <br/> <br/>Abstract: The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the principal food crops of Rwanda. It is cultivated by 97% of the farms and constitutes the principal source of proteins for the majority of the Rwandan population. One observes since 2000 a considerable reduction in the bean outputs; among the principal causes, one can quote the transmitted diseases and damage caused by insects. In order to contribute to the production of healthy seeds and plant of bean, a test was carried out (February-May 2009) to the station of Rubilizi-ISAE Busogo, from which the objective was to protect the plants of bean against the attacks of insects during the first 8 weeks by coating the seeds with the imidacloprod-gaucho in order to avoid the viral diseases on the plants which result from these seeds and to also thwart the attacks of the principal devastating insects of the bean among which there were the black bean aphid (BBA), Aphis fabae, vector of bean common mosaic virus and the bean stem maggot (BSM), Ophiomyia spp. Three doses of imidacloprid-gaucho were compared to the control, namely 2, 4 and 6g of active matter per kilo of seeds. The results made possible to draw the following conclusions: - the imidacloprid expressed its effects up to eight weeks after sowing; indeed one recorded few close Bean Common Mosaic Virus-attacked plants (less than 3%) until 56 days after sowing; the percentage of virus attacked plant increased beyond to reach 42% for the dose of 2g of imidacloprid per kilo of seeds and only 25% maximum for 4 and 6g of the insecticide product per kilo of seeds; - the imidacloprid allowed also to control the Bean Stem Maggot in the proportion of 58%, 44%, 22% and 18% respectively for the control (0 g), 2, 4, and 6 g of the product per kg of seeds. Within the sight of these results, we can recommend the producers, the pelleting of bean seeds to the dose 4g of imidacloprid-gaucho per kilo of seeds within the framework of the integrated pest management (IPM) against the common mosaic and the damage of Black Bean Aphids and Bean Stem Maggots. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148454 Title: Tourism industry and local development around the Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Militery Ngamata, Olivier; Karangwa, Antoine; Muragizi I., Herman; Ngirincuti H., Jacques <br/> <br/>Abstract: Tourism is the biggest industry in the world. In Rwanda, they are especially the national parks and more particularly the national park of the volcanoes which attract tourists. The total revenues of tourism are evaluated to 33,381,369 USD for the period rising from 1994 to 2009. The contributions are respectively about 93% for the National park of Volcanoes (NPV), also called Parc of Virunga, 4% for National park of Akagera (NPA) and 3% for National park of Nyungwe (NPN). The redistribution of tourism income made it possible to fund some projects, among which the housing for the vulnerable people, the basic infrastructures like roads, schools, the development of the agricultural sector, of the craft industry,etc around the NPV. At the same time, the private investments allowed the construction of hotels to accommodate the tourists. The presence of hotels and tourists had multiplier effects on the use and consumption of the agricultural produce of the area. People who lived on forest products became agents of protection of park and sedentary farmers. They were sensitized to create the co-operatives and profited the financing from RDB and its partners. The RDB works narrowly with the international agencies of environmental protection to carry out these actions and to thus ensure the conservation of the biodiversity. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148372 Title: Fifty years of contrasted residue management of an agricultural crop: impacts on the soil carbon budget and on heterotrophic respiration. <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Buysse, Pauline; Roisin, Christian; Aubinet, Marc <br/> <br/>Abstract: Crop management exerts a strong influence on the soil carbon (C) balance. This study investigated a long-term experiment initiated in 1959 at a site in the Hesbaye region of Belgium and focused on three contrasted treatments: residue export (RE), farmyard manure (FYM) addition and residue restitution (RR) after harvest. The objectives were to quantify the components of the C budget of croplands from a 50-year perspective and to identify the impact of the treatments on this budget and soil C sequestration, given the relatively low levels of esidue application. The soil C budget was calculated for each treatment on the basis of total soil organic C (SOC) content measurements and C input data collected since the experiment had begun and drawn from the literature. To evaluate the robustness of this approach, the budget-based output estimates were compared with annual heterotrophic respiration (HR) averages extrapolated from seasonal field HR measurements carried out at the same experimental site in 2010. The soil C budgetbased output estimates accorded well with field-based HR measurements and with most HR estimates in the literature, suggesting that, despite the many uncertainties affecting the soil C budget, these results were robust. The three treatments investigated in this study had different impacts on SOC stocks, mainly during the first 20 years of the experiment. RE and FYM caused significant SOC decreases (on average, −7 ± 5 g C m−2 year−1 over the 50 years) and increases (10 ± 5 g C m−2 year−1), espectively, whereas RR had no significant impact on the SOC stocks. The study also showed (i) the very large part (about twothirds of the total input) that represented the below-ground input, weeds and other left-over residues in the C budget, (ii) the important role probably played by residue quality in C sequestration and (iii) the large proportion of C lost annually rom the soil (which represents 93–98, 100 and 102–107% of the amounts of fresh residue rought to the soil each year in the FYM, RR and RE treatments, respectively). http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148329 Title: What are the main metabolites responsible for the biocontrol potential of Bacillus strains ? <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Cawoy, Hélène; Thonart, Philippe; Ongena, Marc http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148318 Title: Importance of surfactin for plant resistance induction by Bacillus isolates <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Cawoy, Hélène; Mariutto, Martin; Jourdan, Emmanuel; Thonart, Philippe; Ongena, Marc http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148141 Title: An analysis the value chain of fresh milk in the North of Vietnam : the case study in Sonla <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Bui, Thi Nga; Ma Tran Huu, Cuong; Lebailly, Philippe <br/> <br/>Abstract: Vietnam locates in the most active region (Asia), where gains the highest economic growth rate and highest milk consumption in the world. Milk growth rate is higher than almost other agricultural products in the past 10 years in this region (Nancy, 2008). Vietnam is also one of the highest milk productivity in the Asia. Milk consumption in Vietnam is increasing rapidly (Nancy, 2008). However, the dairy industry in Vietnam is currently able to meet only 22 percent of domestic demand; the remaining amount has been imported from overseas suppliers and producers (VOV News/VNA, 2008). In addition, the linkages among the actors and stakeholders in the value chain of milk in the North of Vietnam are very weak. It leads to low effective in the production of the whole chain. This paper based on semi-structure, standard questionnaires and PRA method to collect data of dairy farms in Sonla province, of milk collecting centres, of dairy plan and of milk distributors in 2008-2010. The findings show that dairy plan is the most powerful actor in the chain and it drives the whole chain. The value added of the chain is distributed unequally among determinants in the bias orientation to the non-farmer (non-producer). Opportunity cost of land, capital, and family labor in farm does not include when they calculate their benefits, thus it is not reflect the real situation and their value added would be much lowers. Weak linkages among participants in the chain with stakeholders and insufficient supports discourage farmers to develop their production. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148140 Title: Milk production and Marketing in small holder dairy in the Northern area of Vietnam: A case study in Phu Dong Commune <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Bui, Thi Nga; Tran Huu, Cuong; Luong Thi Thu, Ha; Lebailly, Philippe <br/> <br/>Abstract: Dairy cows in small holders in Phu Dong contribute to improve the welfare of farm households. It generates income, provides a highly nutritious food for people, create employment opportunities in the society. However, most dairy farmers have a few cows, which will be difficult to improve their lives. They are more vulnerable because milk is easy to be rotten, feed costs are high and increasing; market is fluctuated with shock while gate farm price is almost stable. This study analyzes the situation of milk production and marketing in small holders in Phu Dong. The Heckman two-step procedure is used to estimate factors affecting the decision of market participation and milk marketed volume of dairy households. The main findings are: The pure HF breed dairy cows produced higher productivity but shorter lactation period than that of cross breed cows. The productivity was highest in the pure HF breed medium-size farms and lowest in the cross breed medium-size farms. However, there is not much difference in milk yield per lactation between these breeds. Age of the household, education level, experience in dairy production, distance from milk market and number of milking cows significant impact the probability of the household in milk market participation. Number of milking cows, education level of the households, and non-dairy source financial incomes are important factors affecting sale volume of milk. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148139 Title: Dairy milk production in the North of Vietnam : a case study in Moc Chau <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Bui, Thi Nga; Tran Huu, Cuong; Lebailly, Philippe <br/> <br/>Abstract: Dairy milk production in Moc Chau contributes to improve the welfare of farm households. It generates daily income for farmers, provides a highly nutritious food for people, create employment opportunities for the society. Although it brings a rather high income for farmers, their lives are very hard, and their living standard is quite low.This studyaims to apply a monitoring system in farms to assist farmers improving their performance. Six field trips were carried out to help dairy farmersto monitor their farmsand collect economic and technical data in 2010-2012 in Moc Chau.The main findings are: stocking rate, milk yield and income were rather high but varied largely from this farm to others.Cost control in farm was not good thus dairy margin was not high. Purchased feed cost was too high.Homegrown feed accounted for a small part of cost but produced large amount of milk while purchased feed dominated a very large proportion of cost but produced less milk quantity.Most of the farmers followed the objective of increasing milk production but did not pay attention to the quality of herd and milk; did not make an optimal decision.Experience, land area, and herd size were the major factors that increased economic performance in farms. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148137 Title: Inflation in Vietnam: a Look from macroeconomic aspect <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Pham Van, Dinh; Bui, Thi Nga http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148136 Title: The Analysis of Investment Climate in Agriculture in Hanoi province, Vietnam <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Tran Huu, Cuong; Bui, Thi Nga <br/> <br/>Abstract: Hanoi province, Vietnam has much potential for agricultural development with its large consumer market for agricultural products, soil and water resources, natural climate, physical and social infrastructure. It is also one of provinces that has attracted a large number of investors. However, there are few agriculture investment projects in Hanoi in recent years. This paper presents the results of the structure interview of 200 managers of agricultural firms, co-operatives and farms in Hanoi province in 2008-2009. Even if these enterprises are pleased with their business performance and profitability, the investment climate could have negative effects obstructing investment incentives in agriculture. The study revealed eight key factors determining the investment climate in agriculture in Hanoi province, which include: land issue, provincial policies for agriculture, capital, physical infrastructure, administrative procedures, market, technology and labor issue. Land issues and provincial agricultural policies are the most important constraints; the second group are capital, physical infrastructure, governmental administration; and the third are market, technology and labor issues. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148135 Title: An analysis of the investment climate in agriculture in Hanoi Province, Vietnam <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Tran Huu, Cuong; Bui, Thi Nga <br/> <br/>Abstract: Hanoi province, Vietnam has much potential for agricultural development with its large consumer market for agricultural products, soil and water resources, natural climate, physical and social infrastructure. It is also one of provinces that has attracted a large number of investors. However, there are few agriculture investment projects in Hanoi in recent years. This paper presents the results of the structure interview of 200 managers of agricultural firms, co-operatives and farms in Hanoi province in 2008-2009. Even if these enterprises are pleased with their business performance and profitability, the investment climate could have negative effects obstructing investment incentives in agriculture. The study revealed eight key factors determining the investment climate in agriculture in Hanoi province, which include: land issue, provincial policies for agriculture, capital, physical infrastructure, administrative procedures, market, technology and labor issue. Land issues and provincial agricultural policies are the most important constraints; the second group are capital, physical infrastructure, governmental administration; and the third are market, technology and labor issues. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148133 Title: Actors' benefit analysis on value chain of fresh dairy milk in Vietnam <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Tran Huu; Bui, Thi Nga <br/> <br/>Abstract: Vietnam locates in the Asia-the most active region, where gains the highest economic growth rate and highest milk consumption in the world. Vietnam also ranks the second among the highest milk productivity in the Asia and milk consumption is increasing rapidly. However, the dairy industry in Vietnam is currently able to meet only 22% of domestic demand; the remaining amount has been imported (VOV/VNA, 2008). In addition, raw milk price is very low while retail price is too high. It leads to low effective in the production of the whole chain. This paper is based on the value chain approach within both quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate a typical fresh value chain in the North of Vietnam in (Moc Chau platation) in 2008 - 2010. The findings show that the dairy plant is the most powerful actor in the chain and it drives the whole chain while power of dairymen is very weak. The value added of the chain is distributed unequally among its actors in whom more benefitable for non-dairy cow producers. In particular, the value added in dairy cow stage would be much lower. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148127 Title: Incidences phytotechniques et zootechniques d'une réduction ou d'une suppression de la fertilisation azotée sur des prairies pâturées par des vaches laitières <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Dieguez, Francisco; Hornick, Jean-Luc; De Behr, Vanessa; Istasse, Louis; Dufrasne, Isabelle http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148125 Title: Production and marketing constraints of dairy farmers in Son La milk value chain, Vietnam <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Nguyen Hung, Anh; Tran Huu, Cuong; Bui, Thi Nga <br/> <br/>Abstract: Rural livelihood augmentation has long been a crucial challenge for the effectiveness of Vietnamese government policies in agricultural sector. Despite the amazing fact that farmers’ participation in the dairy value chain has promised the better outcome, there are still millions of rural farmer households struggling against the inefficient production and marketing, and decline with hope of improving their main source of income. Plus the extreme price volatility and the market power of downstream actors, rural dairy farmers with small-scale production have verged to the edge of selling up the whole supply chain. This paper attempted to analyze the production and marketing constraints faced by the local dairy farmers in the milk value chain of Northern mountainous Sonla provinces of Vietnam. The Pearson’s chi-square test was employed to assess the statistical significance of farmer’s responses across the study sites. The results of the study revealed farmers produce and different marketing different qualities of milk to two main buyers under the constraints of high input prices, feed scarcity, exploitation by downstream actors, capital investment inadequacy, inadequate poor market information and knowledge, lack of technical support from dairy manufacturer and local authority, land limit, and cow diseases. http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148082 Title: Emissions of NH3 and greenhouse gases from pig houses: Influencing factors and mitigation techniques <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Philippe, François-Xavier http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148054 Title: Appui scientifique à la mise en oeuvre et à l’entretien des méthodes agro-environnementales bandes de parcelles aménagées (MAE 9) <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Piqueray, Julien; Gilliaux, Valentin; Mahy, Grégory http://hdl.handle.net/2268/148039 Title: Rapport d'activités de l'Unité Systèmes Sol-Eau - Laboratoire d'Encadrement Référentiel de la chaine Minérale-Sols de l'ASBL REQUASUD - Période du 1er juillet au 31 décembre 2012 <br/> <br/>Author, co-author: Renneson, Malorie