Ide de Louvain

E-print/Working paper (2011)

Estimating the residual distribution in a semiparametric transformation model.

E-print/Working paper (2011)

International Cross-Listing of Firms on Major Stock Markets: A survey of the Literature

E-print/Working paper (2011)

This contribution is aimed at presenting the large research produced in this particular field of international finance that constitute cross-listing —the secondary listing of company’s shares on an overseas ... [more ▼]

This contribution is aimed at presenting the large research produced in this particular field of international finance that constitute cross-listing —the secondary listing of company’s shares on an overseas exchange. For companies, exchanges and investors, the phenomenon of cross-listing raises different non-trivial questions. This paper reviews the most important research initiatives addressing the economic effects of this important corporate decision. Early studies were drawing much of their argumentation from segmentation theory, concluding that cross-listing was a way for companies to lower barriers to international investment in their stocks, leading to a revaluation of their shares. Equally crucial as segmentation was in the early course of the cross-listing activity, new initiatives are now exploring many additional ways that help to get a better picture of the rationales underpinning the far-reaching effects of cross-listing: valuation impacts and other financial benefits, change in the company’s market profile, and interaction with her home and host markets. Cross-listing is then at a cross-roads of different theories. The advances in academic contributions over the last decade have helped to understand some of the underlying dynamics and rationales surrounding it, but are also leaving some unanswered questions. [less ▲]

La voie étroite du développement rural paysan au Cambodge Agricultures, modernisation des régimes fonciers et luttes d’acteurs

E-print/Working paper (2011)

La guerre à Gaza (2009): étude médiatique de la presse francophone

E-print/Working paper (2010)

Keep bacteria under control: Dietary modulation of gut microflora in farm animals by use of hen egg yolk antibodies

E-print/Working paper (2010)

This review article focuses on the use of IgY in therapy or prophylaxis of diseases in veterinary medicine as well as in the context of functional foods to modulate microflora in animal.

A Sudoku Submatrix Study

E-print/Working paper (2010)

In our last article, we gave some properties of Sudoku matrices. We here investigate some properties of the Sudoku submatrices. We first deal with their eigenvalues and try to find an upper bound on them ... [more ▼]

In our last article, we gave some properties of Sudoku matrices. We here investigate some properties of the Sudoku submatrices. We first deal with their eigenvalues and try to find an upper bound on them, and then follow exactly the same structure as in our last article to establish a connection between Sudoku matrices’ properties and sudoku submatrices’ properties. [less ▲]

La mauvaise gestion de l'entreprise : trois profils-types de petites entreprises en difficulté

E-print/Working paper (2010)

After an in-depth review of the scientific literature dedicated to (small) business failure causes (Crutzen et Van Caillie, 2008), it comes out that mismanagement is, by far, the failure cause which is ... [more ▼]

After an in-depth review of the scientific literature dedicated to (small) business failure causes (Crutzen et Van Caillie, 2008), it comes out that mismanagement is, by far, the failure cause which is the most commonly evoked by previous researchers (Argenti, 1976; Wichman, 1983; Newton, 1985; O'Neill and Duker, 1986; Thornhill and Amit, 2003). Nevertheless, the concept of « mismanagement » is relatively vague and large (Bruno et al., 1987; Sheldon, 1994). It is thus now necessary to clarify it if one wants to better understand the causes of small business failure and, in fine, to better prevent this phenomenon (Argenti, 1976). In particular, it is essential to distinguish between the main categories of managerial problems small businesses can be faced to in order to be able to better anticipate their failure (thanks to adequate trainings, for example) and in order to propose adequate remedies to specific managerial problems small distressed firms are confronted to. In this context, the current article identifies, on the basis of two complementary statistical analyses, three specific patterns for badly-managed firms, amongst a sample of 91 small distressed firms. [less ▲]

Claude Strebelle, créateur d'un campus dans la nature

E-print/Working paper (2010)

De l'absence de figuration à la figuration de l'absence: Portraits de terroristes (Ruff, Richter, Feldmann)

E-print/Working paper (2010)

Depuis l’émergence, au début des années septante, du terrorisme d’extrême gauche en Allemagne, le pays est secoué de façon cyclique par des polémiques relatives aux « années de plomb », des conflits et ... [more ▼]

Depuis l’émergence, au début des années septante, du terrorisme d’extrême gauche en Allemagne, le pays est secoué de façon cyclique par des polémiques relatives aux « années de plomb », des conflits et débats violents qui opposent d'ordinaire l'Etat et certains organes médiatiques atlantistes, conservateurs ou d'extrême droite, à la foule de ceux qui, pour de multiples raisons, désapprouvent la guerre menée par l’Etat contre les terroristes. Cette polarisation affecte rapidement les champs de la philosophie, du droit, des sciences historiques, politiques et sociales ou encore de la littérature, du cinéma et de l’art contemporain en général. Or il est frappant de constater que, hier comme aujourd’hui, dans les médias, ces conflits, débats et polémiques s’articulent moins autour de questions politiques de fond, qu’autour de faits, difficiles à avérer, et surtout de leurs représentations, essentiellement photographiques et cinématographiques, qui alimentent les accusations et les attaques de l’un ou l’autre camp, bon nombre d’images servant même simultanément d’argument à charge aux deux camps. Afin de déterminer la part de "responsabilité" de la photographie dans ces incessants conflits, et d'imaginer corolairement une échappatoire à son rôle polémiste, cette communication s'intéresse plus particulièrement à la polémique provoquée par les débats autour des conditions de détention des prisonniers de la RAF. [less ▲]

Quels développements possibles pour la filière bois-énergie en Europe ?

E-print/Working paper (2010)

L’objectif de cette contribution est de s’interroger sur les potentialités de développement de la filière bois-énergie à l’échelle européenne et de chercher à voir si c’est une réelle alternative aux ... [more ▼]

L’objectif de cette contribution est de s’interroger sur les potentialités de développement de la filière bois-énergie à l’échelle européenne et de chercher à voir si c’est une réelle alternative aux énergies fossiles. À cette fin, nous avons tenté d’abord de mieux cerner la ressource, puis de mesurer l’importance du bois-énergie et son évolution récente à la fois globalement pour l’UE à 27 et par pays en cherchant à comprendre les disparités entre ces derniers. Enfin, dans une troisième partie, nous répondons aux quatre questions suivantes : quel est le potentiel réellement mobilisable pour ne pas épuiser la ressource ? Quel est son réel bilan environnemental et son impact sur la santé ? Quel est son impact sur l’économie locale d’une région et sur la gestion de la forêt et du territoire proche ? Transformer le bois en agrocarburants, est-ce une fausse bonne idée comment l’a été précédemment le développement des agrocarburants à base de céréales et d’oléagineux ? [less ▲]

Judicial Review in European Union Competition Law: A Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment

E-print/Working paper (2010)

Ever since the creation of the General Court (“GC”), the effectiveness of judicial review in European Union (“EU”) competition cases has sparked intense scholarly debates. This paper seeks to further ... [more ▼]

Ever since the creation of the General Court (“GC”), the effectiveness of judicial review in European Union (“EU”) competition cases has sparked intense scholarly debates. This paper seeks to further contribute to this discussion in three ways. First, it devotes some space to fundamental, yet often overlooked questions, such as the goals or functions of judicial review and why judicial review of administrative decisions is important; particularly so in competition law matters. Second, this paper attempts to throw some empirical light on the GC’s judicial review of European Commission (“Commission”) decisions in the field of competition law. Third, it places a specific emphasis on the particular situation of abuse of dominance law, where the GC has exercised its judicial review power with more restraint than in other areas of competition law (such as restrictive agreements and mergers). With these goals in mind, this paper follows a five-stage progression. First, on the basis of a survey of the relevant legal, economic and political science literature, it defines the functions of judicial review and identifies a set of indicators which can be used to assess the performance of the GC’s judicial scrutiny (Part I). Second, it explains why judicial review in EU competition law cases is of critical importance notably given the institutional and procedural deficiencies of the EU enforcement structure (Part II). Third, it discusses the nature and standard of review currently applied by the GC with a particular focus on the degree to which the GC is willing to review “complex economic matters” (Part III). Fourth, it provides some quantitative data on the case-law of the GC to assess whether several goals or functions attributed to judicial review by the scientific literature are met (Part IV). Finally, this paper takes a closer look at the (controversial) case-law of the GC in the field of Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“TFEU”) (Part V). [less ▲]

Le football, l’Iliade, Zidane et Jean-Philippe Toussaint

E-print/Working paper (2010)

Comment la littérature s'y prend-elle pour parler de football et qu'est-ce que le foot nous apprend sur la littérature.

Etude des pratiques de restructuration en Europe : état des lieux en Belgique - ARENAS - National Background Paper - Belgique

E-print/Working paper (2010)

Au cours de la dernière décennie, la présence dans la presse économique de cas de restructurations et de licenciements économiques toujours plus nombreux a fini par nous habituer au fait que ces ... [more ▼]

Au cours de la dernière décennie, la présence dans la presse économique de cas de restructurations et de licenciements économiques toujours plus nombreux a fini par nous habituer au fait que ces phénomènes font désormais partie du processus normal d’évolution de l’entreprise. Plus récemment, la crise économique mondiale a eu, et a toujours, un impact important sur les entreprises belges, provoquant une vague de restructurations et de licenciements sans précédent. Le présent rapport est divisé en cinq parties : le contexte, l’anticipation (ou l’amont), les dynamiques de restructurations, la mise en œuvre (ou l’aval) et les acteurs impliqués. Dans le premier chapitre, nous proposons un aperçu du contexte économique et social belge afin de permettre au lecteur de comprendre le cadre dans lequel prennent part les phénomènes de restructuration. Le deuxième chapitre présente les principales mesures qui relèvent de l’anticipation des restructurations, certaines existant de longue date en Belgique alors que d’autres sont plus récentes, voire spécifiques aux mesures prises par les pouvoirs publics pour contrer la crise actuelle. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur les différentes dynamiques de restructuration d’entreprises et le cadre légal qui les régit. Le quatrième chapitre développe les principales mesures de mise en œuvre des restructurations, qu’elles soient, ici aussi, présentes de longue date ou spécifiques aux « mesures de crises ». La quantification et l’évaluation des mesures présentées dans ce rapport font l’objet d’un point spécifique, en conclusion de chacun de ces 3 derniers chapitres. Enfin, un cinquième chapitre présente de manière succincte les différents acteurs impliqués dans les processus de restructuration. [less ▲]

Bulletin de la Société Voltaire n°20

E-print/Working paper (2010)

Exploring the Diversity of Fair Trade Social Enterprises

E-print/Working paper (2010)

Fair trade (FT) organisations have been quite early taken as examples of social enterprises (SE) and have contributed to the shaping of the SE concept. The goal of this article is to examine more deeply ... [more ▼]

Fair trade (FT) organisations have been quite early taken as examples of social enterprises (SE) and have contributed to the shaping of the SE concept. The goal of this article is to examine more deeply, both at a conceptual and at an empirical level, to what extent FT organisations can be considered as social enterprises. First, we introduce different theoretical frameworks of SE and examine FT in the context of each of these frameworks. In a second step, we use an empirical study on fair trade social enterprises (FTSEs) across four European countries to illustrate and deepen the links between FT and SE, focusing on the goals and the governance structures of FTSEs. It appears that all FTSEs combine in some way economic, social and sometimes also political goals. FTSEs are thus in line with the "hybrid-goal" nature of SEs. FTSEs' governance is also quite specific and often innovative in terms of organisational architecture and stakeholders' involvement. Some FTSEs are closer to the European – participatory – approach of social enterprise, while others are closer to US – individual – approaches. Finally, the governance structures of FTSEs seem to reflect quite well their goal mix. This article provides a more solid basis for the often implicit link between FT and SE. Future researches could use our work to explore specific topics of the SE literature (e.g. stakeholders' involvement) in the context of FT. The FT example could also be used to examine further the shifting boundaries of the SE reality. The originality of this article is to apply the SE concept to a specific field and to show how, within this field, there is at the same time (1) a diversity of organisations, reflecting the diversity of SE approaches and (2) a range of specific features (especially in terms of goal mix and governance) distinguishing SEs from other types of organisations operating in the same field. [less ▲]

A Theory of Soft Capture

E-print/Working paper (2010)

n this paper, wee propose a model for regulatory capture that is based on information transmission and asymmetric information. In a three-tier model, a regulator is charged by a political principal to ... [more ▼]

n this paper, wee propose a model for regulatory capture that is based on information transmission and asymmetric information. In a three-tier model, a regulator is charged by a political principal to provide a signal for the type of a regulated firm. Only the firm can observe his type and the production of a correlated signal with a given accuracy is costly for the regulator. The firm can costlessly provide an alternative signal of lower accuracy that is presented to the regulator. In a self-enforcing equilibrium, the regulator transmits the firm-produced signal, internalizes its own savings in information cost and the firm enjoys higher information rents. The main feature of soft capture is that it is not based on a reciprocity of favors but on a congruence of interests between the firm and the regulator. [less ▲]

Some comments on the paper by Vink et al. (A & A, 505, 743 or arXiv:0909.0888)

E-print/Working paper (2010)

Endogenous Growth in an OLG Model with a Fixed Factor

E-print/Working paper (2010)

An Empirical Analysis of Income convergence in the European Union

E-print/Working paper (2010)

In this paper, we investigate the convergence process within the European Union (27 countries). More particularly, we study the convergence process of the new entrants from Central and Eastern Europe and ... [more ▼]

In this paper, we investigate the convergence process within the European Union (27 countries). More particularly, we study the convergence process of the new entrants from Central and Eastern Europe and of the 15 Western countries between 1990 and 2007. Applying a panel approach to the convergence equation derived by Mankiw et al. (1992) from the Solow model, we highlight the existence of heterogeneity in the European Union and show that new entrants and former members of the European Union can be seen as belonging to significantly differ- ent groups of convergence. The existence of heterogeneity in the European Union or the Eurozone might affect their stability as the recent Greece’s sovereign debt crisis illustrates it. [less ▲]

CO2 valorization

E-print/Working paper (2010)

Brief presentation of the results achieved during a workshop on CO2 valorization

An update on the evolution of double parton distributions

E-print/Working paper (2010)

Prosopographie des médecins de l’Asie Mineure pendant l’Antiquité classique, I. Catalogue des médecins

E-print/Working paper (2009)

Identifier tous les médecins grecs et romains ayant été en contact avec l’Asie Mineure pendant l’Antiquité classique, soit entre le Ve s. av. J.-C. et le Ve s. ap. J. C., tel était l’objectif premier de ... [more ▼]

Identifier tous les médecins grecs et romains ayant été en contact avec l’Asie Mineure pendant l’Antiquité classique, soit entre le Ve s. av. J.-C. et le Ve s. ap. J. C., tel était l’objectif premier de ce travail, objet d’une thèse de doctorat soutenue à l’EPHE de Paris, en décembre 2006. Il a donc fallu procéder à un inventaire des médecins originaires de l’Asie Mineure, mais aussi actifs et/ou formés dans cette région. Afin de garantir l’exhaustivité du catalogue, l’ensemble des sources disponibles ont été dépouillées, qu’elles soient littéraires, papyrologiques, épigraphiques ou numismatiques. Cette étude pluridisciplinaire a permis d’élaborer un corpus de trois cent trente-trois unités, organisé selon un double critère géographique : les médecins sont classés en fonction d’abord des régions (Bithynie, Paphlagonie, Pont, Troade, Mysie, Éolide, Lydie, Ionie, Carie, Lycie, Pamphylie, Cilicie, Phrygie, Pisidie, Galatie, Lycaonie, Isaurie et Cappadoce), puis des villes de l’Asie Mineure avec lesquelles ils étaient en relation. S’y ajoute un dernier chapitre reprenant vingt-sept cas douteux quant à leur profession médicale ou à leur ancrage micrasiatique. Chaque médecin est présenté dans un tableau individuel rassemblant toutes les informations possédées à son sujet, à savoir nom, date, parcours professionnel, sources antiques, qualification professionnelle, ouvrages médicaux, commentaire et bibliographie. Les documents ainsi rassemblés constituent le catalogue exhaustif des médecins ayant été en contact avec l’Asie Mineure durant l’Antiquité gréco-romaine. Un tel catalogue, inexistant à ce jour pour le territoire micrasiatique, apparaît d’abord comme un instrument de travail, mis à la disposition de tous les chercheurs intéressés par l’histoire de la médecine antique. En outre, ce recueil fournit les matériaux nécessaires à l’établissement de la prosopographie proprement dite. L’exploitation des données du présent corpus est, en effet, indispensable à l’aboutissement de l’enquête prosopographique entreprise. Actuellement en cours, l’analyse et l’interprétation des données du catalogue feront l’objet d’une publication complémentaire sous une forme « papier » traditionnelle. Les questions liées à la répartition géographique et chronologique des médecins, à leurs qualifications et à leurs statuts professionnels, mais aussi à leur formation, à leurs rapports avec certains cultes, notamment guérisseurs, ou encore à l’onomastique, seront étudiées dans ces conclusions. [less ▲]

A Practical Guide to LaTeX Tips and Tricks

E-print/Working paper (2009)

LaTeX is a beautiful programming language. One sometimes wants to write in an easy and quick way various documents, such as letters, papers, reports, theses, and so on. Here, “one” can be a new student ... [more ▼]

LaTeX is a beautiful programming language. One sometimes wants to write in an easy and quick way various documents, such as letters, papers, reports, theses, and so on. Here, “one” can be a new student, an old professor, or even somebody who is not linked at all with any academic stuff. We often want special constructs in our documents. This is more difficult than basic typesetting, especially using LaTeX when you are not experienced. On one hand, scientists do not always have the time to learn another programming language, especially if they are making a PhD, or doing something else which asks for a lot of time. Using direct and working programming tricks can speed up your productivity, and make you learning better. But where can they be found? On the other hand, everybody wants to make nice documents, if possible. A nicer document attracts the reader. Evidently, “a nice document” is a subjective notion. By “nice document,” we want to speak about a document which 1. is structured in an unambiguous way, and has a clear presentation, 2. is read with pleasure, if possible. The beginner, whoever he is, often faces strange errors because he tries to teach LaTeX to do what he wants it to do. It is difficult to learn the advanced notions about LaTeX, even in an average period of time. The good books have to be found. But that is often the moment where you lack of time and that you are happy to find complete solutions. That is a moment where you tell to yourself “Is there no folk out there to give me such a trivial tip?” but nobody hears it. The aim of this book, is to avoid you these problems: you do not need to write everything from scratch, ask on various forums or Usenet groups, or even read heaps of books just to make a simple script. That is my goal. You can now continue writing your document in LaTeX’s philosophy: concentrating on your document’s content, at the place of its appearence. These reasons justify the presence of this book. I have tried to pack the most useful tricks which can enhance your documents’ content in a concise way. The aim is not to teach LaTeX programming, but to give a quick reference to all the tips and tricks that can be used if you are encountering a (difficult) problem, or simply facing a question which you cannot find the answer to. I consider that the reader is familiar with basic LATEX programming. It can be learnt from various sources (given in this book's bibliography), and many others. I hope this will give you new ideas about advanced ways to typeset text and to make different processes automatic, thus giving you more time for other activities. Many others subjects were added during Fall 2010. [less ▲]

Long E-mails and Internet Connections

E-print/Working paper (2009)

Fetching e-mails is a daily task. However, when an e-mail size overcomes a given threshold, e-mail communication becomes more difficult, because slow. This is principally due to the outgoing speed of ... [more ▼]

Fetching e-mails is a daily task. However, when an e-mail size overcomes a given threshold, e-mail communication becomes more difficult, because slow. This is principally due to the outgoing speed of cheap Internet connections. We propose here a mechanism which limits this problem. [less ▲]

Mathématiques Élémentaires -- Condensé

E-print/Working paper (2009)

This document is a kind of Math. formula's form. It is majoritarly coming from a volonty of classifying these last so they are easily accessible. Firstly, this document was redacted in order to be ... [more ▼]

This document is a kind of Math. formula's form. It is majoritarly coming from a volonty of classifying these last so they are easily accessible. Firstly, this document was redacted in order to be prepared to the engineering studies (at ULg). Many sections have been added, and it is equivalent to a first-year Math. course for a scientific (who is not a mathematician). For this reason, the text has not been very developped, so this document is as short (and quick) as possible, with no need to read unnecessary sentences which would slow the reading. Principal sentences have been written, to make links, because Math. is not only formula's: speaking is a very important way to communicate ideas and to link concepts, especially in Sciences. Indeed, it would not suffice to copy formula's to redact a summary. It is important to translate them to French too, to ensure their understanding. The aim of this summary is not to assemble mathematical ``tricks.'' Indeed, it would not suffice to apply these ready-made ``recipes'' to have success with the exercises: it would be so easy, and why would there be Math. teachers? Only few proves will be made, to lighten the document; however, formula's will be admitted. Many different notations will be used for the same idea, in order to give the habit of the reader to use different notations (e.g. the notation used for the transposed of a matrix). This synthesis is not comprehensive, and does not pretend to be rigourous. Only the essential chapters and sections have been kept. When prerequisites are necessary, they are announced, even if it is sometimes not possible to develop points before others, because, on one hand, they sometimes call each other, and, on the other hand, some notions have volontarily not been given (limits computing, in Calculus). Indeed, many points are supposed to be known: this document consists only in a set of reminds! [less ▲]

Sudoku, the Golden Ratio, Determinants, Eigenvectors and Matrices In $\mathbb Z$

E-print/Working paper (2009)

The Sudoku game has gained much interest for a dozen years. It is now put in various magazines and mathematical research is more and more interested in it. This document aims at providing some newer ... [more ▼]

The Sudoku game has gained much interest for a dozen years. It is now put in various magazines and mathematical research is more and more interested in it. This document aims at providing some newer information about the mathematical properties of the Sudoku, but not according to graphs' theory. We do not speak about the ``minimum number of clues,'' but about Sudokus' matrix interpretation: general properties of its determinant, in relation to eigenvalues; transpose; non-Hermitian character; neither symmetric nor antisymmetric character; non-normal character; non-orthogonal character when the matrix has a determinant of 0, conjecture when the determinant is not equal to 0; order; condition number. [less ▲]

Le premier, c'est Schlingo

E-print/Working paper (2009)

Le premier auteur de bandes dessinées à faire l'objet d'une biographie en bande dessinée est l'improbable Charlie Schlingo, dessinateur à la fois débile et génial, père des aventures de Désiré Gogueneau.

P2P Implications on Web Surfing

E-print/Working paper (2009)

P2P (Peer-to-Peer) technology comprises various ways to exchange information rapidly, each participant sharing a portion of his own resources. Anyway, despite of the numerous advantages of using P2P, a ... [more ▼]

P2P (Peer-to-Peer) technology comprises various ways to exchange information rapidly, each participant sharing a portion of his own resources. Anyway, despite of the numerous advantages of using P2P, a real problem is often encountered when using cheap internet connections: web surfing becomes so slow that it seems impossible to reach a web page, for the P2P’s user. It is especially the case when using connections with a low upload speed. The problem has also an importance, even if it is minor, when using high-speed connections (VDSL, ... ), as it is also a waste of capacity. [less ▲]

La musique sacrée au lendemain du Concile de Trente, dossier « Religion, regards pluriels »

E-print/Working paper (2009)

Naissance du concept écononomique d'élasticité

E-print/Working paper (2009)

Dans le cadre des "Textes fondateurs de la sciences analysés par les scientifiques d'aujourd'hui" est analysé un texte original de Cournot où celui-ci introduit, pour la première fois et de façon ... [more ▼]

Dans le cadre des "Textes fondateurs de la sciences analysés par les scientifiques d'aujourd'hui" est analysé un texte original de Cournot où celui-ci introduit, pour la première fois et de façon implicite, le concept économique d'élasticité. [less ▲]

Quantum Computers: A Brief Overview

E-print/Working paper (2009)

A promising technology is the “quantum computers,” and this paper gives a general overview about this subject.

A Link Between Human Behaviour and Computers' Future Behaviour

E-print/Working paper (2009)

Many studies have been written about children's development, and their behaviours during the phases they encounter before becoming adults. Thus, some clear links can be established between children's ... [more ▼]

Many studies have been written about children's development, and their behaviours during the phases they encounter before becoming adults. Thus, some clear links can be established between children's development and A.I. future trends. We here summarize the most important comparison characteristics. [less ▲]

Memento of useful tips and tricks for HP50g

E-print/Working paper (2009)

This document presents a short list of math. important commands on HP50g. There is not much documentation about HP50g on Internet, so it completes the user’s manual.

La vague, le cancer et la réconciliation

E-print/Working paper (2009)

Description succincte du parcours littéraire du romancier français Emmanuel Carrère et analyse de son roman D'autres vies que la mienne.

Exoplanet Characterization and the Search for Life

E-print/Working paper (2009)

Over 300 extrasolar planets (exoplanets) have been detected orbiting nearby stars. We now hope to conduct a census of all planets around nearby stars and to characterize their atmospheres and surfaces ... [more ▼]

Over 300 extrasolar planets (exoplanets) have been detected orbiting nearby stars. We now hope to conduct a census of all planets around nearby stars and to characterize their atmospheres and surfaces with spectroscopy. Rocky planets within their star's habitable zones have the highest priority, as these have the potential to harbor life. Our science goal is to find and characterize all nearby exoplanets; this requires that we measure the mass, orbit, and spectroscopic signature of each one at visible and infrared wavelengths. The techniques for doing this are at hand today. Within the decade we could answer long-standing questions about the evolution and nature of other planetary systems, and we could search for clues as to whether life exists elsewhere in our galactic neighborhood. [less ▲]

Régis Jauffret, du récit noir fragmenté à la correspondance impossible

E-print/Working paper (2009)

Description du parcours du romancier français contemporain Régis Jauffret, qui est notamment comparé aux romanciers existentialistes.

Verifying a .c Code Is Correct for Submission

E-print/Working paper (2009)

To verify whether a .c program is correct for submission, there are some very useful utilities; there is a summarized description of a little part of them.

Formation littéraire et compétences. Notes pour un débat.

E-print/Working paper (2009)

Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein H-63 kDa [Fragment] from Bubalus bubalis placenta - Access number P86379

E-print/Working paper (2009)

N-terminal microsequence obtained after purification and characterization of placental proteins in Bubalus bubalis. Proteins were submitted to SwissProt databank.

Unemployment and retirement in a model with age-specific heterogeneity

E-print/Working paper (2009)

This paper presents a model where young and old workers compete for one type of jobs in the presence of retirement opportunity. Within this framework, we show that increased retirement opportunities (such ... [more ▼]

This paper presents a model where young and old workers compete for one type of jobs in the presence of retirement opportunity. Within this framework, we show that increased retirement opportunities (such as early retirement) has most of the time a depressing impact on the unemployment rate. Indeed the number of vacancies posted by firms is influenced by the probability that an old worker is going into retirement. We show that the degree to which younger workers are influenced by retirement of older workers depends on the relative productivity of young and older workers. It is only when older workers are much more productive than young workers that retirement may benefi t to unemployment. [less ▲]

Social security and early retirement: the relationship between workers, firms and government

E-print/Working paper (2009)

In this paper we survey a number of theoretical and empirical studies in order to propose explanations to the fall of labor force participation at older age. Starting from the largely studied effect of ... [more ▼]

In this paper we survey a number of theoretical and empirical studies in order to propose explanations to the fall of labor force participation at older age. Starting from the largely studied effect of social security schemes on labor supply, we explore the employers behavior and the role of governments in the development of early retirement schemes. We show that early retirement is the result of a global agreement between firms and government where workers have incentives to early exit the labor market due to generous non actuarial bene ts. Firms have an advantage to separate older workers because they are costly compare to young workers and governments hope that by pushing elderly into early retirement they will solve the massive unemployment problem. [less ▲]

Les ressources énergétiques et minérales marines : valorisation et géostratégie

E-print/Working paper (2009)

L’objectif de cette contribution est de s’interroger sur les enjeux et les défis tant économiques, technologiques et environnementaux que géostratégiques liés à la valorisation des ressources énergétiques ... [more ▼]

L’objectif de cette contribution est de s’interroger sur les enjeux et les défis tant économiques, technologiques et environnementaux que géostratégiques liés à la valorisation des ressources énergétiques et minérales marines. Le travail est organisé en deux temps. D’abord, on cherche à cerner les ressources elles-mêmes : quelles ressources ? depuis quand et comment les valorise-t-on ? quelle importance aujourd’hui et demain ? Puis, on s'interroge sur les stratégies mises en œuvre pour contrôler ces ressources et pouvoir les exploiter de même que sur les conséquences de l’appropriation progressive des espaces maritimes sur la valorisation des ressources des mers et des océans. [less ▲]

Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein B-73 kDa [Fragment] from Bubalus bubalis placenta - Access number P86373

E-print/Working paper (2009)

N-terminal microsequence obtained after purification and characterization of placental proteins in Bubalus bubalis. Proteins were submitted to SwissProt databank.

Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein F-58 kDa [Fragment] from Bubalus bubalis placenta - Access number P86377

E-print/Working paper (2009)

N-terminal microsequence obtained after purification and characterization of placental proteins in Bubalus bubalis. Proteins were submitted to SwissProt databank.

Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein J-63 kDa [Fragment] from Bubalus bubalis placenta - Access number P86370

E-print/Working paper (2009)

N-terminal microsequence obtained after purification and characterization of placental proteins in Bubalus bubalis. Proteins were submitted to SwissProt databank.

Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein G-76 kDa [Fragment] from Bubalus bubalis placenta - Access number P86378

E-print/Working paper (2009)

N-terminal microsequence obtained after purification and characterization of placental proteins in Bubalus bubalis. Proteins were submitted to SwissProt databank.

Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein A-69 kDa [Fragment] from Bubalus bubalis placenta - Access number P86372

E-print/Working paper (2009)

N-terminal microsequence obtained after purification and characterization of placental proteins in Bubalus bubalis. Proteins were submitted to SwissProt databank.

Les paramètres en jeu dans le développement de la littératie : aspects liés aux politiques éducatives

E-print/Working paper (2009)

Quelques idées saussuriennes chez Jorge Luis Borges

E-print/Working paper (2008)