Microscale ELISA plate screening of essential oils against European damageable plant pathogens

Conference (2012, June)

Syntactical complexity of periodic sets

Conference (2012, June)

We are interested in the links between numbers and their representations. In the decimal numeration system, a number is even if its representation ends with 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8, which give rise to a simple ... [more ▼]

We are interested in the links between numbers and their representations. In the decimal numeration system, a number is even if its representation ends with 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8, which give rise to a simple representation set, that is, accepted by a finite automaton. More generally, in an integer base numeration system, any divisibility criterion is recognized by a finite automaton. The state complexity of a regular language is the number of states of the minimal automaton accepting this language. The syntactic complexity is the size of the associated syntactical monoid. The first one only takes into account the context on the right side, whereas the second considers both left and right contexts. Given a set of integers, we want to answer the following questions. What is the associated state complexity? What is the associated syntactic complexity? These questions extend to more general numeration systems, as linear numeration systems or abstract numeration systems. Such problems are motivated by decidability problems. For example : given an automaton recognizing a set of integers, decide if this set is ultimately periodic? [less ▲]

Transnational Modelling of the Meuse District by the Pegase Model

Conference (2012, June)

The environmental model, called PEGASE (Planification Et Gestion de l’ASsainissement des Eaux), is devoted to the characterization of the environmental state of surface water, from a local scale (a few ... [more ▼]

The environmental model, called PEGASE (Planification Et Gestion de l’ASsainissement des Eaux), is devoted to the characterization of the environmental state of surface water, from a local scale (a few km²) up to a of a global scale (internationals districts, hundreds of thousands km²). The model is able to simulate non stationary scenarios for entire river trees (hundreds to thousands of water bodies). The model is a tool to validate and check consistency of data at district (and thus international) level. The flexibility of the model enables to choose the time (daily to yearly periods) and spatial (watershed, water body, district, region, country…) scales of the expected results. In the context of the international coordination for the Water Framework Directive, the PEGASE model is used as a tool specifically addressed to simulate the IRBD (International River Basin District) Meuse. Indeed, the model: (i) is associated to a dedicated transnational database to apply the model to the entire district; (ii) is operational, the Meuse application has been calibrated and validated independently at this stage on most of regional sub-basins of the district; (iii) could be used to simulate –at that scale– historic and future scenarios to estimate water quality improvement that may be expected after applying basic and complementary measures. [less ▲]

Abundance estimates of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) in Bahía San Antonio, Patagonia, Argentina

Conference (2012, June)

The abundance of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) was estimated by the means of aerial line-transect surveys for the area of Bahía San Antonio, a bay located in the north-western region of the ... [more ▼]

The abundance of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) was estimated by the means of aerial line-transect surveys for the area of Bahía San Antonio, a bay located in the north-western region of the San Matías Gulf (40°50’S 64°50’W), Rio Negro, Patagonia Argentina. In total, 7 aerial surveys were conducted in the first week of August and September 2009, September, October and November 2010, and August, September 2011. Survey effort equalled a total flight time of 12.4h, during which 200 whales were seen in 119 whale groups. Overall, half of the encounters were solitary animals, whereas 17% were mating groups. Corrected abundance estimates showed a maximum amount of whales present in the bay during the month of September with 85 ± 71, 207 ± 108 and 117 ± 55 animals in 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. In adjacent months, less than half the amount of whales seemed to be present. The correction factor g(0) resulted 0.392 ± 0.456. These aerial surveys resulted in the first specific estimates of southern right whale abundance in this north Patagonian bay and indicated a rather abrupt peak during the month of September. This being the peak month for right whale presence is consistent to data from other regions in the Southwest Atlantic, but data obtained in the other months remained scarce and thus results should be interpreted carefully. The complete absence of whales in the area in November 2010 and August 2011 further raises questions on the predictability of the whale’s presence in the area. Overall, more consistent aerial surveys should be conducted to accurately determine the annual and interannual evolution of southern right whale abundance in the study area. [less ▲]

Recognizable sets of integers

Conference (2012, June)

Investigating the tinnitus brain using resting-state fMRI.

Conference (2012, June)

Patient morbidity after 2 different surgical protocols to treat miller class I recession in the anterior maxilla: A Comparaitive Ramdomized Control Trial.

Conference (2012, June)

Introduction au projet PACITA et perspectives pour le Technology Assessment en Wallonie

Conference (2012, May 31)

L'équilibre des rations alimentaires des bovins wallons, pistes d'amélioration de l'efficience azotée

Conference (2012, May 29)

Recent precipitation and temperature changes in Djibouti City

Conference (2012, May 29)

A dataset of derived indicators has been compiled to clarify whether the frequency and / or the severity of rainfall and temperature extremes changed over the last decades in the city of Djibouti in East ... [more ▼]

A dataset of derived indicators has been compiled to clarify whether the frequency and / or the severity of rainfall and temperature extremes changed over the last decades in the city of Djibouti in East Africa. This study uses the only current available coverage of homogenous daily series which can be used for calculating any significant change in rainfall and temperature in recent years. It covers the 1980–2011 period for precipitation and the 1966–2011 period for what regards maximum, minimum and mean temperature. We used a set of 23 indicators of extreme climatic events. Results show that the annual total precipitation, the annual total of wet days (with daily rainfall >= 1mm) and the frequency of very wet days (defined as the 95th percentile) have strongly declined over the last 32 years. Yet, since 2007, mean yearly rainfall meets a 73% deficit when compared to the 30-year average, a situation that is much worst than what was observed in the early 1980s. For what regards temperatures, the average increase recorded during the 1966–2011 period is of +0.28°C per decade, a far higher value than the global rising temperature. Heatwaves characterized by daily maximum temperatures ≥ 45°C (that is the 99th percentile) have become 15 times more frequent than in the past (comparing the 1966–75 and 2002–2011 periods) while extremely cool nights (<18.7°C, that is the 1st percentile in minimum temperature) have almost disappeared. Although the database should be extended to improve the global picture of recent climate changes in Djibouti, it seems very likely that rainfall shortages and increasing temperature extremes have already impacted the people of the Republic of Djibouti, especially the water availability and health sectors. Adaptation strategies are urgently needed since the global warming process is not likely to decline in the next decades. [less ▲]

Perspectivas para um estudo semiótico das relações entre discursos e imagens na radiologia

Conference (2012, May 28)

O texto apresenta as perspectivas do meu projeto de tese dedicado a um estudo semiótico das relações entre imagens e discursos da radiologia. Desenvolvi a apresentação segundo três eixos. 1. Apresentei o ... [more ▼]

O texto apresenta as perspectivas do meu projeto de tese dedicado a um estudo semiótico das relações entre imagens e discursos da radiologia. Desenvolvi a apresentação segundo três eixos. 1. Apresentei o propósito geral do projeto ; 2. situei o projeto dentro dos domínios do conhecimento nos quais enscreve-se : a semiótica e a medicina ; 3. Descrevi os propósitos específicos do meu projeto dentro dos âmbitos epistemológicos apresentados. [less ▲]

Strengths and weaknesses of an Evidence-Based Practice course focused on information literacy

Conference (2012, May 26)

La bibliothèque comme lieu de médiatisation au XVIIe et au XVIIIe siècle

Conference (2012, May 25)

Métabolomique et Chimie Médicinale, vers la découverte de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques : application à la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge (DMLA)

Conference (2012, May 25)

La métabolomique est une des sciences « omiques » les plus récemment développées. Elle consiste en l’étude de l’ensemble des composés de petit poids moléculaire (métabolites) présents dans une cellule, un ... [more ▼]

La métabolomique est une des sciences « omiques » les plus récemment développées. Elle consiste en l’étude de l’ensemble des composés de petit poids moléculaire (métabolites) présents dans une cellule, un organe, un organisme ou plus globalement un biofluide et qui constitue le métabolome. Elle s’inscrit dans la continuité de la génomique, de la transcriptomique et de la protéomique puisqu’elle étudie l’ensemble des composés de fonctionnement « terminaux » des organismes et permet de relier une modification du métabolisme à une ou plusieurs cascades biochimiques. Or, toute pathologie entraîne ou est liée inévitablement à un disfonctionnement plus ou moins important du métabolisme et donc doit modifier le profil du métabolome par des changements de concentration et l’apparition ou la disparition de certains métabolites particuliers. L’application de la métabolomique à l’étude d’une pathologie permettrait donc, en principe, de mettre en lumière des voies biologiques affectées ou modifiées par cette même pathologie. Et en ce sens, la métabolomique, tout comme la protéomique et dans une moindre mesure la génomique, identifie des cibles thérapeutiques potentielles, nouvelles ou non. En effet, en partant du principe que l’amélioration symptomatique de toute maladie est représentée par le retour à un état de fonctionnement « normal » de l’organisme affecté, c’est à dire à un profil de métabolisme « sain », il apparaît évident que moduler en ce sens les voies biochimiques identifiées par la métabolomique peut constituer une approche thérapeutique originale. Dans sa recherche de nouveaux médicaments, la Chimie Médicinale est bien entendu très « demandeuse » de nouvelles cibles ou d’approches pharmacologiques novatrices et donc la métabolomique représente un outil tout à fait intéressant pour les pharmacochimistes. Une étude métabolomique est caractérisée par différentes étapes. Elle débute par une sélection et une collecte contrôlée des échantillons à analyser (échantillons « pathologiques » et « sains »). Elle se poursuit par la préparation et l’analyse des échantillons de manière à obtenir le profil métabolique le plus complet, ce qui est en général réalisé via l’utilisation de la RMN ou de la spectrométrie de masse. Les données obtenues doivent ensuite être préparées (post-processing) pour l’analyse statistique discriminante finale (i.e. PCA ; ICA, PLS-DA…). Cette analyse doit permettre la discrimination des groupes « sain » et « malade » et l’identification des molécules entraînant cette discrimination, molécules souvent nommées « biomarqueurs ». Ces biomarqueurs peuvent ensuite être reliés à différentes voies biochimiques. La dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge (DMLA) est la principale cause de perte de vision dans le monde occidental. Elle est notamment caractérisée par une néovascularisation choroïdienne (NVC). Malgré le développement de nouvelles thérapies, les mécanismes moléculaires et les changements métaboliques sous-jacents à cette pathologie sont toujours mal compris. C’est pourquoi nous avons décidé d’étudier la DMLA par le biais d’une approche métabolomique basée à la fois sur l’étude de sera de patients atteints de DMLA et sur un modèle murin de NVC induite au laser. L’analyse des échantillons humains et murins a été menée par RMN du proton et a conduit à la distinction claire de deux groupes chez la souris (induites au laser ou non) et chez l’humain (patients atteints de DMLA ou sains). Chose remarquable, les « biomarqueurs » discriminants sont identiques dans l’étude clinique humaine et dans le modèle expérimental animal. Leur modulation permet une amélioration sensible des effets de l’impact laser chez la souris, laissant par la même entrevoir une possibilité de traitement efficace chez l’homme. Cette approche a donc permis non seulement d’identifier des voies biochimiques impliquées dans la pathologie et donc d’ouvrir de nouveaux axes de recherche pour une meilleure compréhension de l’étiologie de la pathologie mais également de proposer des solutions thérapeutiques potentielles novatrices. [less ▲]

Observations of equatorward patchy auroral ultraviolet emissions

Conference (2012, May 25)

Main oval expansion and spectacular outer emissions at Jupiter: Is Io responsible?

Conference (2012, May 25)

The G1000. Facts, figures and some lessons from an experience of deliberative democracy in Belgium

Conference (2012, May 24)

The initiative we are going to discuss in this lead piece is the G1000 in Belgium. Contrary to most other initiatives by researchers or government agencies (Reuchamps, Forthcoming 2013), the G1000 project ... [more ▼]

The initiative we are going to discuss in this lead piece is the G1000 in Belgium. Contrary to most other initiatives by researchers or government agencies (Reuchamps, Forthcoming 2013), the G1000 project is a more hybrid type of deliberative event. There are certain characteristics that set it apart from other initiatives, such as the way in which the agenda of the event was set, the scale of the event, and the fact that is was a grass-root initiative by and for citizens. Because of its hybrid form, the G1000 deserves special attention. In this chapter, we first sketch the general background against which deliberative democracy in general – and the G1000 in particular – came about, after which we show that there is an ever-growing experience with deliberative events, and we highlight some of the main characteristics of these events. Next, we go into detail on the ideas and the methodological choices behind the G1000 project. And finally, we offer an overall evaluation of the project. [less ▲]

Exploration de l’activité physique au sein d’une communauté : l’offre des acteurs locaux du sport

Conference (2012, May 24)

Les Belges font actuellement partie des Européens les moins actifs physiquement (EORG, 2010). Il semble dès lors important de s’interroger sur l’efficacité des démarches actuellement entreprises par les ... [more ▼]

Les Belges font actuellement partie des Européens les moins actifs physiquement (EORG, 2010). Il semble dès lors important de s’interroger sur l’efficacité des démarches actuellement entreprises par les acteurs de promotion de l’activité physique (AP), particulièrement au niveau local puisque la commune est considérée comme une véritable plaque tournante en la matière. Dans le cadre d’une approche écologique, notre objectif consistait donc à identifier la place que tient le développement d’un style de vie actif dans le discours des responsables sportifs. Dans cette perspective, 40 responsables d’associations sportives ainsi que les autorités communales ont été interrogés afin de caractériser plus précisément la politique sportive au sein d’une commune belge francophone. Par l’intermédiaire d’entretiens structurés, la collecte des données a permis de préciser les activités proposées, la philosophie, le public cible, l’encadrement, l’accessibilité ou encore les relations entretenues par chacun des acteurs locaux du sport auprès des autorités politiques locales. Notre démarche s’inscrit dans l’analyse des décisions pré-interactives de tout processus visant à intervenir sur le terrain. L’offre sportive proposée dans cette communauté semble quantitativement suffisante lorsque l’on observe le nombre et la diversité des activités sportives proposées. Cependant, une approche plus qualitative permet de rendre compte d’un certain déficit dans la prise en charge spécifique de publics à risque (ainés, femmes), d’un manque de formation pédagogique chez les encadrants sportifs ainsi que d’une accessibilité réduite de plusieurs infrastructures. Enfin, malgré des opinions analogues relatives à la politique locale en matière d’AP, la communication entre les différents responsables d’organisations sportives semble déficiente. Face aux problématiques rencontrées dans cette communauté, les perspectives de développement de stratégies de promotion de l’activité physique selon une approche écologique sont discutées. Les approches multisectorielles mises en place dans d’autres pays européens (HEPA) peuvent notamment servir d’exemples de « bonnes pratiques » (Martin et al., 2006). [less ▲]

Multiperiod vehicle loading with stochastic release dates

Conference (2012, May 24)

Production scheduling and vehicle routing problems are well-known topics in operations management. Although these tasks are consecutive in the supply chain, few optimization models tackle the associated ... [more ▼]

Production scheduling and vehicle routing problems are well-known topics in operations management. Although these tasks are consecutive in the supply chain, few optimization models tackle the associated issues. A most common situation, in practice, is actually that transportation management is disconnected from production planning: when production items or batches have been completely processed by the manufacturing plant, they become available for shipping, and they are consequently handled by the transportation managers. From a global managerial perspective, and with a view towards coordination of the product flows and customer satisfaction, this is not an ideal process. It is by far preferable, indeed, to set up an integrated production-transportation plan taking into account, among other constraints, the capacity of the plants and the customer due-dates. The present research proposes a methodology to investigate a multi-period vehicle loading problem with deterministic or stochastic information concerning items arrivals from production. Results from related optimization techniques are statistically compared and the benefits of the multi-period and stochastic modeling is demonstrated. Finally, an efficient heuristic is highlighted and is shown to be robust to the deviation from item arrival forecasts. [less ▲]

Beyond the 'Charmed Circle' of OECD: New Directions for Studies of National Innovation Systems

Conference (2012, May 24)

Saturn's temperature profiles at high, medium and low latitudes derived from UVIS occultations

Conference (2012, May 24)

L’architecture prophétique de la Cité sainte de N’kamba au Congo-Kinshasa : entre analogie et identité

Conference (2012, May 24)

L’analyse métagénomique ciblée au service de la microbiologie des aliments : applications concrètes

Conference (2012, May 23)

La métagénomique est une discipline récente qui s’attache à attribuer une identité, taxonomique, génique ou fonctionnelle, à des fragments d’ADN d’origine inconnue. Son développement et son utilité ... [more ▼]

La métagénomique est une discipline récente qui s’attache à attribuer une identité, taxonomique, génique ou fonctionnelle, à des fragments d’ADN d’origine inconnue. Son développement et son utilité bénéficient grandement de l’essor des techniques de séquençage de seconde génération permettant d’obtenir d’un échantillon de grandes quantités de séquences d’ADN. L’écologie microbienne et la santé intestinale sont les thématiques ayant le plus approfondi la métagénomique et les possibilités qu’elle offre, mais d’autres domaines peuvent grandement bénéficier de cette nouvelle façon d’investiguer les flores microbiennes. Cette étude démontre, à travers plusieurs exemples concrets, que cette méthodologie peut rapidement être adaptée aux exigences spécifiques de la microbiologie des aliments. En effet, les denrées alimentaires périssables, comme la viande et les préparations à base de viande, représentent des biotopes de choix pour les bactéries. L’optimisation de la conservation de ces denrées, importante tant du point de vue économique que de la santé publique, passe par une meilleure connaissance de l’évolution de ces flores et des processus de détérioration des qualités du produit. Les microbiologistes ont depuis longtemps abordé ce problème en utilisant différentes approches dépendantes ou non de la culture microbienne, mais à petite échelle. L’analyse métagénomique est donc une rupture technologique qui allie analyse à grande échelle et large spectre. Un premier exemple a permis de démontrer la capacité de l’analyse métagénomique à identifier les populations bactériennes sous-dominantes dans des produits de viande (viande hachée de porc et boudin blanc). La sensibilité de l’analyse effectuée permet d’identifier les populations microbiennes dès la sortie de production et de comprendre leurs évolutions en fonction de différentes conditions de conservation lors de tests de vieillissement. De plus, la possibilité d’utiliser des échantillons standardisés a servi à comparer plusieurs zones hypervariables de l’ARNr 16S ainsi que d’étudier la reproductibilité de l’analyse. Ensuite, l’impact de la conservation sous-vide de longue durée de la viande bovine a été investigué pour des échantillons d’origines diverses. L’analyse a révélé des différences très marquées malgré un conditionnement apparemment identique. Enfin, nous avons exploré la capacité de cette méthodologie à identifier les bactéries potentiellement responsables d’altérations dans trois matrices alimentaires : le steak tartare, le poisson cru et le fromage. Si l’identification des germes à large spectre est actuellement efficace et reproductible comme nous l’avons démontré ; plusieurs axes de recherche restent à approfondir pour améliorer son utilité dans l’industrie agro-alimentaire. Parmi ceux-ci, il y a la capacité à transposer cette méthodologie pour d’autres micro-organismes comme les moisissures et les champignons, la détermination du degré de profondeur d’analyse utile en fonction du but recherché, et enfin, l’organisation de la manne d’informations qui sont générées par la métagénomique. [less ▲]

La retraite affecte-t-elle le fonctionnement cognitif de la personne âgée? Analyse comparée des enquêtes SHARE et HRS

Conference (2012, May 23)

Paradoxes et complexité de la recherche en réception des médias

Conference (2012, May 23)

Trend evolution of carbonyl sulfide above Jungfraujoch deduced from ground-based FTIR and ACE-FTS satellite observations

Conference (2012, May 23)

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant sulfur-containing trace gas in the atmosphere and accounts for a substantial portion of the sulfur in the stratospheric aerosol layer which influences the ... [more ▼]

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant sulfur-containing trace gas in the atmosphere and accounts for a substantial portion of the sulfur in the stratospheric aerosol layer which influences the Earth’s radiation budget and stratospheric ozone chemistry. There remain large uncertainties on some components strengths of the atmospheric OCS budget and on the OCS contribution for sustaining the Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol (SSA) layer at background levels during quiet volcanic periods. Monitoring OCS trends can help improving our knowledge about these uncertainties. Using the SFIT-2 algorithm to retrieve atmospheric abundance of OCS from high-resolution ground-based infrared solar spectra recorded on a regular basis with a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR), under clear-sky conditions, at the NDACC site (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change, http://www.ndacc.org) of the International Scientific Station of the Jungfraujoch (Swiss Alps, 46.5°N, 8.0°E, 3580m asl), we have produced an updated OCS long-term trend from 1995 to 2011, representative for both the troposphere and stratosphere at northern mid-latitudes. In this contribution, we present and critically discuss the recent OCS trend evolution, in particular the end of the slow decline of its abundance observed in 2002 and the maximum reached in 2008. Comparisons with in-situ measurements in a comparable site and with ACE-FTS satellite observations are in good agreement. They confirm the tropospheric nature of the OCS evolution and suggest that OCS is probably not the main contributor of the SSA layer background level. Some potential anthropogenic causes are also discussed, as aluminium production and coal combustion in China. [less ▲]

Effect of a fungal infection on the spectrum of volatile organic compounds emitted by plant roots

Conference (2012, May 22)

Pieter Brueghel as a copyist after Pieter Bruegel

Conference (2012, May 22)

When Pieter Bruegel the Elder died in 1569, his elder son and principal continuator, Pieter Brueghel the Younger, was only four or five years old. The amazingly faithful replicas by the latter were ... [more ▼]

When Pieter Bruegel the Elder died in 1569, his elder son and principal continuator, Pieter Brueghel the Younger, was only four or five years old. The amazingly faithful replicas by the latter were therefore made decades later, after models that were not always the original versions, disseminated at that time; they also relied on a treasure trove of working drawings inherited from Bruegel the Elder. Reconstructing this lost preparatory material through the evidence uncovered during technical examination of the copies of his sons (especially Pieter’s but also Jan’s) is one aspect that will be illustrated in this paper through a few key case studies such as the Battle between Carnival and Lent, the Sermon of St John the Baptist and the Wedding Dance in the Open Air. The presentation will thus describe the actual methods of both the creator and his foremost copyist, based on combined results of infrared reflectography, practical reconstructions and comparisons of tracings of their respective paintings. Brueghel the Younger’s vast and successful copying enterprise required a streamlined production process, and this gradually came to light over the technical research into 60+ paintings by the artist and his workshop. The most interesting discoveries on his techniques and materials – supports, preparatory layers, underdrawings, and pigments – will be illustrated through different examples of his work. This evidence, seen in conjunction with the evidence of the transfer technique, allows us to distinguish his production from that of rival copyists. The realisation that Brueghel the Younger’s copies of the same composition are not all alike and that there are often several variants of them will be considered in relation to the organization of work within – and possibly outside – his workshop. This issue, examined alongside that of the attribution of the copies within series, gives us a more nuanced view of Brueghel the Younger’s output and working practice. [less ▲]

Après-coup: terrifiante euphorie d'entendre quelque chose

Conference (2012, May 21)

Analyse morpho-constitutionnelle des lithiases et cristallurie

Conference (2012, May 21)

Linking farmers’ access to rural radio, gender and livelihoods: case study of rice processors in Benin

Conference (2012, May 21)

As most of sub-Saharan Africa countries, Benin has noted a growth of rural radio stations over the past few decades as part of a broader process of democratisation. This paper examines the level of ... [more ▼]

As most of sub-Saharan Africa countries, Benin has noted a growth of rural radio stations over the past few decades as part of a broader process of democratisation. This paper examines the level of farmers’ access to rural radio in relation to gender and livelihood assets. The study was conducted in the north and south of Benin with 18 rural radio stations and 240 rice processors selected at random in 12 villages. We used the Sustainable Livelihoods (SL) framework with 120 rice processors randomly selected among the 240 surveyed rice processors. About 67% of the women rice processors had their own radio set compared to 87% of the men. Although the study did not allow to draw conclusions on causal relationships, rice processors who often listened to agricultural broadcasts had better social, financial and human capital stocks compared to those who didn’t listen to agricultural broadcasts. Despite the applaudable efforts of 72% of the radio stations to link up with extension services, half of the rice processors rarely or never listened to agricultural broadcasts, because the timing of the broadcasts was inappropriate. Interactive radio sessions with farmers that involve government officials will need to address this if they are to become more effective. [less ▲]

"The object and its concept are one and the same": The functional view of higher order objects in Carnap’s Aufbau

Conference (2012, May 18)

Stare-Capmed : Présentation générale du projet et exemple d'une action : "Impact de l'ancrage sur la dynamique des herbiers de posidonies".

Conference (2012, May 16)

STARE-CAPMED (STAtion of Reference and rEsearch on Change of local and global Anthropogenic Pressures on Mediterranean Ecosystems Drifts) est un projet de recherche mis en place par Stareso S.A.S. depuis ... [more ▼]

STARE-CAPMED (STAtion of Reference and rEsearch on Change of local and global Anthropogenic Pressures on Mediterranean Ecosystems Drifts) est un projet de recherche mis en place par Stareso S.A.S. depuis janvier 2012. Il a pour objectif d’établir un site de référence à long terme pour la compréhension, par la recherche fondamentale, des processus de l’évolution des écosystèmes méditerranéens côtiers et océaniques en réponse aux changements actuels globaux et locaux des pressions anthropiques. Centré sur la Baie de Calvi et le proche large, il vise à fournir un référentiel basé sur des mesures à haute fréquence qui doivent pouvoir complémenter les réseaux de surveillance basse fréquence et de recherches existants et ainsi faire progresser la compréhension des processus. En outre, le projet doit fournir aux utilisateurs finaux (collectivités locales et régionales, administrations nationales, ...) des orientations de gestion basées sur l’analyse étayée des processus en jeux. Financé par l’Agence de l’eau RMC et la Collectivité Territoriale de Corse, le projet, multidisciplinaire, se décline actuellement selon 10 axes de travail : • Suivi du cadre hydrographique et physico-chimique • Suivi et quantification des pressions anthropiques • Ecosystème planctonique • Benthos de substrat meuble • Benthos de substrat dur et faune vagile • Phanérogames marines et écosystèmes associés • Mouillages et processus d’altération des herbiers de posidonies • Ecotoxicologie et polluants émergents • Bilan CO2 et métabolisme des écosystèmes • Zones protégées, espèces nouvelles, recrutement Pour chacun de ces axes, la stratégie d’échantillonnage est basée sur la comparaison de données obtenues durant des périodes où l’impact anthropique est faible (octobre-avril) avec celles obtenues durant des périodes de pression intense (mai-septembre), et sur la comparaison de données issues de sites de référence peu impactés avec celles provenant de sites où l’impact anthropique est reconnu. A titre d’exemple, le but de l’action "Mouillages et processus d’altération des herbiers de posidonies" est de mettre en évidence les conséquences des altérations liées à l’arrachage de faisceaux de posidonies sur la vitalité de l’herbier. Des zones où la pression de mouillage est reconnue seront définies sur base des travaux de cartographie de l’herbier, également réalisés dans le cadre du projet STARE-CAPMED. Elles seront comparées avec des zones d’herbiers sains témoins par la caractérisation du sédiment (mesures de compacité in situ, mesures des concentrations en O2 et nutriments et du pH de l’eau interstitielle, granulométrie et teneur en matière organique du sédiment, proportions de rhizomes et morts) ainsi que par la définition de l’état physiologique des faisceaux de posidonies (mesures biométriques classiques, analyses des contenus élémentaires en carbone, azote et phosphore) et par l’application d’indices écologiques définis par la DCE (PREI, BIPO, …). Les résultats obtenus permettront d’avoir une vue d’ensemble des processus par lesquels l’impact physique des mouillages de bateaux de plaisance occasionne des dégâts aux herbiers de posidonies. Ils pourront ainsi fournir une base de connaissances solide aux gestionnaires soucieux de limiter cet impact. [less ▲]

Phylogeography and evolutionary history of Leopoldamys neilli, a Murinae rodent endemic to limestone karsts, in Thailand

Conference (2012, May 15)

Limestone karsts are highly threatened biodiversity hotspots supporting high levels of endemic species. Karsts are patchy distributed within Southeast Asia and their isolation from one another give them ... [more ▼]

Limestone karsts are highly threatened biodiversity hotspots supporting high levels of endemic species. Karsts are patchy distributed within Southeast Asia and their isolation from one another give them the features of “islands on the continent” and has important consequences for the genetic structure of endemic taxa. In present study, we have studied the phylogeography of Neill’s Rat Leopoldamys neilli, a threatened Murinae rodent species endemic to limestone karsts of Thailand, on the basis of two mitochondrial markers, two nuclear fragments, as well as twelve microsatellite loci. Our study gave evidence of a complex and strong geographic structure of the genetic diversity for L. neilli. Several highly differentiated genetic lineages were observed throughout Thailand. These results suggest a severe fragmentation of L. neilli’s populations, correlated to the fragmented distribution of its habitat and highlight its high endemicity to limestone karsts. The evolutionary history of L. neilli was investigated using Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) and our results suggest that the current phylogeographic pattern of this species result from several deep vicariant events during Plio-Pleistocene. To conclude, this study revealed an unexpected high level of intraspecific diversity within L. neilli. These results consolidate the importance to strengthen the protection of limestone habitats and to preserve not only their high interspecific but also intraspecific diversity. [less ▲]

Victimisation sexuelle dans l’enfance et délinquance : quelle résilience à l’adolescence ?

Conference (2012, May 14)

De nombreuses recherches indiquent que le fait d’avoir subi des mauvais traitements et/ou des abus sexuels durant l’enfance constitue chez les filles un important facteur de risque de délinquance et de ... [more ▼]

De nombreuses recherches indiquent que le fait d’avoir subi des mauvais traitements et/ou des abus sexuels durant l’enfance constitue chez les filles un important facteur de risque de délinquance et de violence. Les filles maltraitées sont davantage susceptibles d’être arrêtées que celles qui n’ont jamais été maltraitées (Widom et Maxfield, 2001; Herrera et McCloskey, 2003; Siegel et Williams, 2003), et les femmes victimes d’abus sexuel dans l’enfance sont significativement plus susceptibles de se faire arrêter à l’âge adulte comparativement à un groupe témoin (Siegel et Williams, 2003 ; Bergen et al., 2004). Bien que l’abus sexuel représente un facteur de risque de délinquance, toutes les adolescentes ayant vécu un abus sexuel ne vont pas s’y engager. Quels sont les facteurs qui vont soutenir le processus de résilience en faveur d’une trajectoire sociale adaptée, « non délinquante » ? Sur base de notre recherche portant sur un échantillon d’adolescentes de 15 à 19 ans ayant vécu un abus sexuel durant l’enfance dont la moitié sont reconnues comme délinquantes et l’autre moitié comme des « résilientes non délinquantes », et d’une présentation clinique de deux membres d’une fratrie ayant subi un abus sexuel par un même auteur (l’une résiliente, l’autre délinquante), nous allons dégager les facteurs de résilience par rapport à un engagement délinquentiel et développer les modalités d’intervention protectrices lors du dévoilement d’abus sexuel. [less ▲]

Représentations et mobilisations de la délinquance par les groupes d’adolescents délinquants

Conference (2012, May 14)

La délinquance juvénile en groupe est un sujet étudié depuis des décennies dans le domaine de la criminologie, sujet étroitement lié à l’évolution de notre société. Dans ce domaine de recherche, la ... [more ▼]

La délinquance juvénile en groupe est un sujet étudié depuis des décennies dans le domaine de la criminologie, sujet étroitement lié à l’évolution de notre société. Dans ce domaine de recherche, la catégorisation des différents groupes est difficile car de nombreux critères peuvent être pris en compte, et leurs importances relatives diffèrent en fonction des auteurs considérés (Cloward et Ohlin, 1960 ; Robert et Lascoumes, 1974 ; Maxson et Klein, 2006 ; Mauger, 2007, Esterle-Hedibel, 2007, Mohammed 2007, 2011). Lorsque nous nous centrons sur les catégorisations de ces groupes de jeunes délinquants, les types de regroupements, la fréquence d’apparition de la délinquance et l’orientation des conduites sont les trois éléments typologiques classiques pour la construction d’une classification, plaçant les groupes sur un continuum allant de la délinquance considérée comme la moins grave à la plus grave. Pourtant, malgré cette construction de catégories, il reste difficile de placer un groupe étudié dans l’une ou l’autre de ces cases. La frontière entre les différents groupes étant « poreuse » (Robert et Lascoumes, 1974 ; Mohammed, 2007), nous pensons que chacun des groupes peut changer de stade sur le continuum « groupe délinquant » en fonction de sa propre évolution. Ce projet de recherche concerne l’éventuelle évolution des différents regroupements étudiés, leurs utilisations de la délinquance et la représentativité de celle-ci parmi les autres activités du groupe. Cette présentation sera pour nous l’occasion de proposer nos premiers résultats issus des entretiens qualitatifs menés auprès de jeunes délinquants membres de différents groupes. [less ▲]

Le nouveau dispositif général anti-abus en matière fiscale : introduction

Conference (2012, May 14)

Comment former des cliniciens critiques et réflexifs ? Implémentation d’une formation à l’Evidence-Based Practice au sein d’un master en logopédie/orthophonie

Conference (2012, May 14)

Les femmes et leur cape d'invisibilité: Un mythe ou une réalité dans les entreprises familiales belges en 2012

Conference (2012, May 13)

Métabolisme phosphocalcique: prescription et impact économique

Conference (2012, May 12)

Symposium on the impact and role of the psychological traumatism and forensic evaluation on victimization process

Conference (2012, May 11)

This symposium aims to discuss and increase the comprehension of victimization process through the psychological traumatism, revictimization and the forensic assessment. It addresses a relevant ... [more ▼]

This symposium aims to discuss and increase the comprehension of victimization process through the psychological traumatism, revictimization and the forensic assessment. It addresses a relevant contemporary issue for clinical psychology and more generally for the society (as partner violence, forensic patients and forensic assessment). Moreover, this symposium will be also the occasion to extend the discussion to the psychological traumatism among workers in police. This last contribution will explain how workers in emergency situations are able or can be helped to manage their stress in order to prevent psychological traumatism. [less ▲]

Mind-wandering and attentional control: two sides of the same coin or independent processes?

Conference (2012, May 11)

Mind-wandering refers to the occurrence of thoughts whose content is both unrelated to the task that we are currently carrying out and decoupled from current sensory perceptions (e.g., having our mind ... [more ▼]

Mind-wandering refers to the occurrence of thoughts whose content is both unrelated to the task that we are currently carrying out and decoupled from current sensory perceptions (e.g., having our mind distracted by past memories or future concerns when reading a novel). Recent frameworks suggest that the occurrence of mind-wandering reflects temporary breakdowns in attentional control processes. Other proposals however consider that mind-wandering is a cognitive process of its own, independent of attentional control. Based on the dual mechanisms of control framework (Braver et al., 2007), we examined whether proactive and reactive attentional control processes (measured with the A-X Continuous Performance Test), as well as working memory capacity (WMC), are related to the occurrence of mind-wandering during the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). Results showed that WMC was positively related to proactive but not reactive control, while the frequency of mind-wandering was unrelated to these three measures of attentional control. Additionally, we found that proactive control, reactive control, WMC, and mind-wandering contributed significantly and independently to the prediction of commission errors during the SART. These results suggest that mind-wandering is not the mere reflection of attentional control abilities and that these two factors have separate influences on task performance. [less ▲]

Verbal short-term memory deficits in children with specific language impairment: impact of linguistic complexity and attentional control

Conference (2012, May 11)

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) constantly show poor performance in verbal short term memory (STM) tasks. However, the precise mechanism at the root of this problem is still unclear ... [more ▼]

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) constantly show poor performance in verbal short term memory (STM) tasks. However, the precise mechanism at the root of this problem is still unclear. Verbal STM tasks, such as nonword repetition, are complex tasks recruiting linguistic and non linguistic abilities. Recent studies emphasize the role played by attentional capacities in verbal STM performances (e.g., Majerus, Bastin, et al., 2007; Majerus, Heiligenstein, et al., 2009; Majerus, Poncelet, et al., 2006). Moreover, a number of studies have demonstrated an impact of linguistic knowledge on verbal STM (e.g., Majerus & van der Linden, 2003). In the light of these developments, two studies re-explored the nature of verbal STM deficits in children with SLI by assessing the impact of attentional capacity and linguistic complexity. The first study assessed the impact of attentional capacities on STM via a nonverbal dual-tasking paradigm in children with SLI, in children matched on age, and in children matched on STM span. The second study assessed the impact of lexical, perceptual and phonological variables on STM performance in children with SLI, in children matched on age, and in children matched on vocabulary knowledge. We will show that neither the attentional nor the linguistic complexity accounts can satisfactorily explain the verbal STM deficits observed in children with SLI. [less ▲]

The eco-neighborhoods, an alternative to urban sprawl?

Conference (2012, May 10)

Valuation and evaluation (panel discussion)

Conference (2012, May 10)

Visual memory of central and marginal items in natural and complex scenes: influence of subjects’ expertise in road traffic.

Conference (2012, May 10)

Our purpose is to study the visual memory (VM) of natural complex scenes in function of subjects’ expertise. 15 subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their level of driving expertise (novices ... [more ▼]

Our purpose is to study the visual memory (VM) of natural complex scenes in function of subjects’ expertise. 15 subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their level of driving expertise (novices, <5 years and >5 years of experience) and were asked to memorize road images (divided into 3 levels of complexity). After each image presentation (5 second presentation), subjects were asked to answer 6 questions, 3 about central information for driving and 3 about marginal items (not relevant for driving) and to estimate their self-confidence. Our results showed an effect of detail type, subjects’ expertise and stimulus complexity: performance was significantly better for central items than for marginal information, for less complex images than for more complex images and with experts (level 2 and 3) than novices (level 1). We observed no interaction between these 3 variables (detail type, image complexity and subjects’ expertise). This finding suggests difference between central and marginal information in VM performance is stable independently of the image complexity and subjects’ expertise. It generalizes results from our previous study with experts in art history and from Melcher’s study (2006) that showed difference between central and marginal information was stable independently of stimulus presentation duration. [less ▲]

Design of sugar-based surface active agents for emulsion polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide

Conference (2012, May 10)

The use of aqueous dispersed media, such as emulsions, has many advantages over solution processes for chemical transformations and polymerization reactions, i.e. limited environmental impact, ease of ... [more ▼]

The use of aqueous dispersed media, such as emulsions, has many advantages over solution processes for chemical transformations and polymerization reactions, i.e. limited environmental impact, ease of products recovery and increased reaction rate. Emulsions are usually implemented from a water/organic solvent mixture in the presence of a surfactant. However, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) (Pc =74 bars; Tc = 31°C) constitutes an interesting alternative to the traditional organic solvents in these heterogeneous systems because it is inexpensive, non-toxic, non-inflammable and environmentally friendlier. In this context, we developed a novel class of surfactants for the stabilization of H2O/scCO2 emulsions, i.e. fluorinated modified carbohydrates. The hydrophilic head of the surfactant consists in a sugar moiety whereas a fluorinated tail is specifically located in the scCO2 phase. The strategies for the synthesis of these carbohydrates esters rely on selective lipase-catalyzed modifications of sugars and on the versatile thiol-Michael addition reaction. The ability of these molecules to decrease the H2O/scCO2 interfacial tension and to stabilize such emulsions will be presented. Finally, high internal phase scCO2-in-water emulsion (HIPE) were prepared with these new surfactants and used as template for the acrylamide polymerization. The monomer is polymerized in the continuous aqueous phase before removing the CO2 droplets (at least 70 % of the total volume). The resulting permeable porous polymers, called polyHIPEs, exhibit highly interconnected voids (cfr SEM picture) and should be valuable in many applications including support for catalyst, filtration process, immobilization of proteins, etc. [less ▲]

Reconstruction of Total Suspended Matter data over the North Sea using DINEOF: use of the Gaussian anamorphosis transformation

Conference (2012, May 10)

Total Suspended Matter (TSM) from the SEVIRI sensor in the North Sea will be analysed using DINEOF (Data INterpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions), an EOFbased technique to reconstruct missing data ... [more ▼]

Total Suspended Matter (TSM) from the SEVIRI sensor in the North Sea will be analysed using DINEOF (Data INterpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions), an EOFbased technique to reconstruct missing data. The information needed to reconstruct the missing data is computed internally based on a truncated EOF basis, so no assumptions about the statistics of the data have to be made. DINEOF uses the mean and covariance of the original data to calculate the EOF basis. If the data are normally distributed, then the probability density distribution can be completely described by their mean and the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix (the EOFs). Variables such as TSM, however, do not have a Gaussian distribution, since TSM is never smaller than zero. DINEOF typically does not take this into account. To overcome this, a logarithmic transformation is usually performed to non-Gaussian variables, although the exponential transformation needed to retrieve the original variable units after using DINEOF leads sometimes to unrealistic high values in the reconstruction. An empirical transformation, which allows to obtain a normally distributed variable based solely on the data themselves, will be applied. This procedure, called Gaussian anamorphosis, is sometimes used in data assimilation. A Gaussian anamorphosis transformation will be applied to the TSM data of the North Sea prior to their reconstruction. The high spatial and temporal dynamics of the gapfree geostationary TSM data set will be analysed, focusing on tidal dynamics and sub-daily variability. [less ▲]

The benefits of prior sequence learning on a serial reaction time performance in Alzheimer's disease: Comparison of two learning methods

Conference (2012, May 10)

It is well known that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are able to acquire new perceptual-motor skills (e.g., Rouleau et al., 2002). However, implicit learning methods should be favored, because ... [more ▼]

It is well known that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are able to acquire new perceptual-motor skills (e.g., Rouleau et al., 2002). However, implicit learning methods should be favored, because they reduce the intervention of controlled processes related to working memory (Van Halteren-Van Tilborg, 2007). We compared two learning methods (implicit vs. declarative) of a perceptual-motor sequence in 12 patients with AD and 12 healthy older adults. In the implicit learning condition, subjects were simply asked to perform the sequence several times by pushing on the keyboard key corresponding to the stimulus on the screen. In the declarative condition, subjects learned the sequence by trial-and-error. The impact of the two methods was compared in a subsequent serial reaction time task, in which subjects had to respond as quickly as possible to the previously learned sequence. Results show that prior implicit learning is effective in both groups (p<.05). In contrast, in the declarative condition, while the two groups showed improving performance during the learning phase (p<0.01), only the control group benefits from this knowledge during the SRT task (p<0.01). In conclusion, our results show preserved perceptual-motor learning in AD when the method induces the intervention of non-declarative, automatic memory processes. [less ▲]

Estimating pCO2 from remote sensing in the Belgian Coastal Zone

Conference (2012, May 09)