References of "Article"      in Complete repository Arts & humanities   Archaeology   Art & art history   Classical & oriental studies   History   Languages & linguistics   Literature   Performing arts   Philosophy & ethics   Religion & theology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Business & economic sciences   Accounting & auditing   Production, distribution & supply chain management   Finance   General management & organizational theory   Human resources management   Management information systems   Marketing   Strategy & innovation   Quantitative methods in economics & management   General economics & history of economic thought   International economics   Macroeconomics & monetary economics   Microeconomics   Economic systems & public economics   Social economics   Special economic topics (health, labor, transportation…)   Multidisciplinary, general & others Engineering, computing & technology   Aerospace & aeronautics engineering   Architecture   Chemical engineering   Civil engineering   Computer science   Electrical & electronics engineering   Energy   Geological, petroleum & mining engineering   Materials science & engineering   Mechanical engineering   Multidisciplinary, general & others Human health sciences   Alternative medicine   Anesthesia & intensive care   Cardiovascular & respiratory systems   Dentistry & oral medicine   Dermatology   Endocrinology, metabolism & nutrition   Forensic medicine   Gastroenterology & hepatology   General & internal medicine   Geriatrics   Hematology   Immunology & infectious disease   Laboratory medicine & medical technology   Neurology   Oncology   Ophthalmology   Orthopedics, rehabilitation & sports medicine   Otolaryngology   Pediatrics   Pharmacy, pharmacology & toxicology   Psychiatry   Public health, health care sciences & services   Radiology, nuclear medicine & imaging   Reproductive medicine (gynecology, andrology, obstetrics)   Rheumatology   Surgery   Urology & nephrology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Law, criminology & political science   Civil law   Criminal law & procedure   Criminology   Economic & commercial law   European & international law   Judicial law   Metalaw, Roman law, history of law & comparative law   Political science, public administration & international relations   Public law   Social law   Tax law   Multidisciplinary, general & others Life sciences   Agriculture & agronomy   Anatomy (cytology, histology, embryology...) & physiology   Animal production & animal husbandry   Aquatic sciences & oceanology   Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology   Biotechnology   Entomology & pest control   Environmental sciences & ecology   Food science   Genetics & genetic processes   Microbiology   Phytobiology (plant sciences, forestry, mycology...)   Veterinary medicine & animal health   Zoology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences   Chemistry   Earth sciences & physical geography   Mathematics   Physics   Space science, astronomy & astrophysics   Multidisciplinary, general & others Social & behavioral sciences, psychology   Animal psychology, ethology & psychobiology   Anthropology   Communication & mass media   Education & instruction   Human geography & demography   Library & information sciences   Neurosciences & behavior   Regional & inter-regional studies   Social work & social policy   Sociology & social sciences   Social, industrial & organizational psychology   Theoretical & cognitive psychology   Treatment & clinical psychology   Multidisciplinary, general & others     Showing results 36001 to 36100 of 52059     356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366     Laser-induced transitions between triply excited hollow statesMadsen, L. B.; Schlagheck, Peter ; Lambropoulos, P.in Physical Review. A (2000), 62(6), 062719Using complex scaling and a correlated basis constructed in terms of B splines, we calculate the Li+ photoion yield in the presence of a laser-induced coupling between the triply excited 2s(2)2p(P-2(0 ... [more ▼]Using complex scaling and a correlated basis constructed in terms of B splines, we calculate the Li+ photoion yield in the presence of a laser-induced coupling between the triply excited 2s(2)2p(P-2(0)) and 2s2p(2)(D-2(e)) resonances in lithium, the first of which is assumed to be excited by synchrotron radiation from the ground state. The laser coupling between the triply excited states is shown to lead to a significant and readily measurable modification of the line profile which provides a unique probe of the dipole strength between highly correlated triply excited states. We also present results for some higher-lying triply excited states of P-2(0) symmetry. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 7 (1 ULg) Le développement folliculaire chez la vache. 2. Mécanismes hormonaux au cours du cycle et du postpartum.Drion, Pierre ; Beckers, Jean-François ; Derkenne, F. et alin Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (2000), 144Detailed reference viewed: 347 (26 ULg) Crystal structure of the IMP-1 metallo beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its complex with a mercaptocarboxylate inhibitor: binding determinants of a potent, broad-spectrum inhibitor.Concha, N. O.; Janson, C. A.; Rowling, P. et alin Biochemistry (2000), 39(15), 4288-98Metallo beta-lactamase enzymes confer antibiotic resistance to bacteria by catalyzing the hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics. This relatively new form of resistance is spreading unchallenged as there ... [more ▼]Metallo beta-lactamase enzymes confer antibiotic resistance to bacteria by catalyzing the hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics. This relatively new form of resistance is spreading unchallenged as there is a current lack of potent and selective inhibitors of metallo beta-lactamases. Reported here are the crystal structures of the native IMP-1 metallo beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its complex with a mercaptocarboxylate inhibitor, 2-[5-(1-tetrazolylmethyl)thien-3-yl]-N-[2-(mercaptomethyl)-4 -(phenylb utyrylglycine)]. The structures were determined by molecular replacement, and refined to 3.1 A (native) and 2.0 A (complex) resolution. Binding of the inhibitor in the active site induces a conformational change that results in closing of the flap and transforms the active site groove into a tunnel-shaped cavity enclosing 83% of the solvent accessible surface area of the inhibitor. The inhibitor binds in the active site through interactions with residues that are conserved among metallo beta-lactamases; the inhibitor's carboxylate group interacts with Lys161, and the main chain amide nitrogen of Asn167. In the "oxyanion hole", the amide carbonyl oxygen of the inhibitor interacts through a water molecule with the side chain of Asn167, the inhibitor's thiolate bridges the two Zn(II) ions in the active site displacing the bridging water, and the phenylbutyryl side chain binds in a hydrophobic pocket (S1) at the base of the flap. The flap is displaced 2.9 A compared to the unbound structure, allowing Trp28 to interact edge-to-face with the inhibitor's thiophene ring. The similarities between this inhibitor and the beta-lactam substrates suggest a mode of substrate binding and the role of the conserved residues in the active site. It appears that the metallo beta-lactamases bind their substrates by establishing a subset of binding interactions near the catalytic center with conserved characteristic chemical groups of the beta-lactam substrates. These interactions are complemented by additional nonspecific binding between the more variable groups in the substrates and the flexible flap. This unique mode of binding of the mercaptocarboxylate inhibitor in the enzyme active site provides a binding model for metallo beta-lactamase inhibition with utility for future drug design. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 51 (1 ULg) Le potentiel evoque cognitif P300 (I): aspects theorique et psychobiologique.Hansenne, Michel in Neurophysiologie Clinique = Clinical Neurophysiology (2000), 30(4), 191-210The P300 is a positive wave which arises when an attended stimulus is detected. Its parameters depend on a number of variables, in particular the subject's mental state, the task that has to be ... [more ▼]The P300 is a positive wave which arises when an attended stimulus is detected. Its parameters depend on a number of variables, in particular the subject's mental state, the task that has to be accomplished, the significance of the stimulus, and the degree of attention. It can be recorded with accuracy, and the different stages of information processing can therefore be analyzed. The P300 wave shows the modifications in neuronal activity which take place during the cognitive process: P300 latency provides an indirect indication of the duration of the processes involved in stimulus discrimination while its amplitude, which is influenced by a number of variables, provides an index of the intensity of the energetic activation or arousal involved. The P300 wave consists of several components which reflect distinct information-processing events (P3a, P3b, P3e, P-SR, P-CR). According to the theoretical models, it is hypothesized that P300 could either represent the adaptation of the working memory to further environmental input ('context updating'), or indicate a closing process ('context closure') in information processing. As regards the physiological aspect of P300 and its association with cortical networks, various studies have suggested that several cortical generators of P300 may co-exist: the medial temporal lobe, the temporo-parietal junction, and the medial and lateral frontal lobe. Psychopharmacological studies have shown that different neurotransmitter systems are involved in the generation and modulation of P300, namely the cholinergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic and gabaergic systems. It appears that the noradrenergic agonists increase the amplitude of P300, dopaminergic agonists may have a biphasic effect (increase/reduction), while cholinergic antagonists and gabaergic agonists reduce P300 amplitude and prolong its latency. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 100 (6 ULg) Characterization of intestinal cnf1+ Escherichia coli from weaned pigsToth, I.; Oswald, E.; Mainil, Jacques et alin International Journal of Medical Microbiology (2000), 290Detailed reference viewed: 8 (1 ULg) Hartree-Fock instabilities and electronic propertiesDehareng, Dominique ; Dive, Georges in Journal of Computational Chemistry (2000), 21(6), 483-504Hartree-Fock instabilities are investigated for about 80 compounds, from acetylene to mivazerol (27 atoms) and a cluster of 18 water molecules, within a double zeta basis set. For most conjugated systems ... [more ▼]Hartree-Fock instabilities are investigated for about 80 compounds, from acetylene to mivazerol (27 atoms) and a cluster of 18 water molecules, within a double zeta basis set. For most conjugated systems, the restricted Hartree-Fock wave function of the singlet fundamental state presents an external or so-called triplet instability. This behavior is studied in relation with the electronic correlation, the vicinity of the triplet and singlet excited states, the electronic delocalization linked with resonance, the nature of eventual heteroatoms, and the size of the systems. The case of antiaromatic systems is different, because they may present a very large internal Hartree-Fock instability. Furthermore, the violation of Hund's rule, observed for these compounds, is put in relation with the fact that the high symmetry structure in its singlet state has no feature of a diradical-like species. It appears that the triplet Hartree-Fock instability is directly related with the spin properties of nonnull orbital angular momentum electronic systems. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 35 (3 ULg) Lexique des termes de physiologie et de pathologie et performances de reproduction chez les bovinsBadinand, F.; Bedouet, J.; Cosson, J. L. et alin Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (2000), 144Detailed reference viewed: 387 (11 ULg) Determination Of The Methionine Requirement Of Growing Double-Muscled Belgian Blue Bulls With A Three-Step MethodFroidmont, Eric; Beckers, Yves ; Thewis, André in Journal of Animal Science (2000), 78(1), 233-241The three-step technique was used to determine the requirements of total amino acids (TAA) and the first-limiting amino acid (AA) in growing double- muscled Belgian Blue bulls (BBb). In Exp. 1, three ... [more ▼]The three-step technique was used to determine the requirements of total amino acids (TAA) and the first-limiting amino acid (AA) in growing double- muscled Belgian Blue bulls (BBb). In Exp. 1, three double-muscled BBb weighing initially 306 ± 28 kg received a basal diet consisting of 30% meadow hay and 70% concentrate that was poor in digestible protein but had adequate NE because of continuous infusion of dextrose into the duodenum. The intestinal apparent digestibility of essential AA (EAA) was defined according to their duodenal and ileal flows. It averaged 72% but varied between 60% for Met and 79% for Arg. In Exp. 2, five double-muscled BBb (334 ± 22 kg) received the same diet supplemented with duodenal infusions of dextrose and four doses of Na-caseinate (28, 56, 84, and 112% of intestinal digestible dietary AA) in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with one additional animal. Nitrogen retention for the basal diet alone and the four increasing supplements of Na-caseinate reached 49, 61, 70, 80, and 86 g/d, respectively. Nitrogen utilization improved from 34.3% without Na-caseinate supplementation to a maximum of 40.6%, with the third dose supplying 788 g/d of apparently digestible AA. Based on patterns of plasma concentrations, Met, Phe, and Arg were probably the limiting AA when animals optimized N utilization. In Exp. 3, six double-muscled BBb (315 ± 25 kg) fed the basal diet received duodenal infusions of dextrose and AA, equivalent to the third dose in Exp. 2, except for digestible Met (9.3, 14.4, 18.4, 22.4, 26.4, and 30.4 g/d) in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. The Met requirement was close to 26.4 g/d on the basis of N retention. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 165 (1 ULg) La Convention de BruxellesBoularbah, Hakim ; Nuyts, Arnaud; Watte, N.in Journal des Tribunaux Droit Européen (2000)Detailed reference viewed: 8 (0 ULg) What do the needles, syringes, lancets and reagent strips of diabetic patients become in the absence of a common attitude? About 1070 questionnaires in diabetic clinics.Bouhanick, B.; Hadjadj, S.; Weekers, Laurent in Diabètes & Métabolism (2000), 26(4), 288-93The aim was to investigate the fate of injection and monitoring material after its use by diabetic patients in different countries (France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Switzeland and Tunisia). Some suitable ... [more ▼]The aim was to investigate the fate of injection and monitoring material after its use by diabetic patients in different countries (France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Switzeland and Tunisia). Some suitable containers are available for disposal but little is known about the attitudes of patients and physicians to them. 1 070 questionnaires were completed by patients (age: 50 +/- 18 years; diabetes duration: 15 +/- 11 years; 2.8 +/- 1.1 injections per day) visiting 109 doctors. Injections were done at home (72.6%), or both at home and at work (26.6%). At home: needles, syringes, lancets and reagent strips were thrown directly into the bin in 46.9%, 49.9%, 52.2% and 67.6% of cases, respectively; and in a closed plastic bottle in 29. 6%, 28.5%, 28.9% and 19.9% of cases, respectively. Specific containers were used in 8.6% and 6.3% of cases for needles and syringes, respectively. 62% of the bottles and containers were thrown directly into the bin, whereas 15.5% were returned to a pharmacy (4.5% taken to hospitals, 2.9% were burned). At work: 63% of the patients brought their needles and syringes home for disposal, 6.9% kept suitable containers at work and 30% threw their materials directly into local bins. We conclude that awareness should be increased and the organization of the collection of used material improved. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 47 (0 ULg) Zwitterionic (pyrrolidine-2,2-diyl)bisphosphonic acid at 100, 150 and 293KOlive, Gilles ; Ellis, Dianne D; Siri, Didier et alin Acta Crystallographica Section C-Crystal Structure Communications (2000), C56(6), 720-722Structure of the zwitterionic pyrrolidine-2,2-diylbis(phosphonic acid) at 100, 150 and 293 KDetailed reference viewed: 8 (0 ULg) Ipsilateral motor responses to focal transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal and stroke patients.ALAGONA G.; DELVAUX, Valérie ; GERARD, Pascale et alin Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (2000), Neurosurgery and PsychiatryDetailed reference viewed: 31 (2 ULg) Phytothérapie traditionnelle des bovins dans les élevages de la plaine de la RuziziByavu, N.; Henrard, C.; Dubois, M. et alin Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement = Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment [=BASE] (2000), 4(3), 135-156Detailed reference viewed: 11 (1 ULg) Discordance between bovine leukemia virus tax immortalization in vitro and oncogenicity in vivo.Twizere, Jean-Claude ; Kerkhofs, Pierre; Burny, Arsène et alin Journal of Virology (2000), 74(21), 9895-902Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) Tax protein, a transcriptional activator of viral expression, is essential for viral replication in vivo. Tax is believed to be involved in leukemogenesis because of its second ... [more ▼]Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) Tax protein, a transcriptional activator of viral expression, is essential for viral replication in vivo. Tax is believed to be involved in leukemogenesis because of its second function, immortalization of primary cells in vitro. These activities of Tax can be dissociated on the basis of point mutations within specific regions of the protein. For example, mutation of the phosphorylation sites at serines 106 and 293 abrogates immortalization potential in vitro but maintains transcriptional activity. This type of mutant is thus particularly useful for unraveling the role of Tax immortalization activity during leukemogenesis independently of viral replication. In this report, we describe the biological properties of BLV recombinant proviruses mutated in the Tax phosphorylation sites (BLVTax106+293). Titration of the proviral loads by semiquantitative PCR revealed that the BLV mutants propagated at wild-type levels in vivo. Furthermore, two animals (sheep 480 and 296) infected with BLVTax106+293 developed leukemia or lymphosarcoma after 16 and 36 months, respectively. These periods of time are within the normal range of latencies preceding the onset of pathogenesis induced by wild-type viruses. The phenotype of the mutant-infected cells was characteristic of a B lymphocyte (immunoglobulin M positive) expressing CD11b and CD5 (except at the final stage for the latter marker), a pattern that is typical of wild-type virus-infected target cells. Interestingly, the transformed B lymphocytes from sheep 480 also coexpressed the CD8 marker, a phenotype rarely observed in tumor biopsies from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Finally, direct sequencing of the tax gene demonstrated that the leukemic cells did not harbor revertant proviruses. We conclude that viruses expressing a Tax mutant unable to transform primary cells in culture are still pathogenic in the sheep animal model. Our data thus provide a clear example of the discordant conclusions that can be drawn from in vitro immortalization assays and in vivo experiments. These observations could be of interest for other systems, such as the related human T-cell leukemia virus type 1, which currently lack animal models allowing the study of the leukemogenic process. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 28 (10 ULg) Post-stroke reorganization of hand motor area: a 1 year longitudinal study with focal transcranial magnetic stimulation.DELVAUX, Valérie ; ALAGONA G.; DE PASQUA, Victor et alin Clinical Neurophysiology (2000), 111(Suppl. 1), 12517-06Detailed reference viewed: 38 (5 ULg) Nuclear imaging methods for non-invasive drug monitoring.Bhatnagar, A.; Hustinx, Roland ; Alavi, A.in Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2000), 41(1), 41-54Functional imaging techniques provide complimentary information to that provided by structural studies such as MRI and CT. Functional imaging is based upon known parameters such as physiology, metabolism ... [more ▼]Functional imaging techniques provide complimentary information to that provided by structural studies such as MRI and CT. Functional imaging is based upon known parameters such as physiology, metabolism, biochemistry, pharmacology, and any other biological process. As such, this methodology plays a major role in understanding the basic mechanisms of a multitude of disorders, accurate diagnosis of certain diseases, and developing effective treatment for serious illnesses such as cancer and central nervous system maladies. Although this type of imaging can be performed with various modalities, nuclear procedures have played the leading role in this discipline. Advances made in labeling various radionuclides to biologically important compounds, and development of sophisticated instruments have substantially contributed to the growth of the field of functional imaging. The introduction of positron emission topography (PET), which is based on imaging of compounds labeled with elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and fluorine, has added a major dimension to the evolution of the discipline. This review deals with a brief introduction to the methodologies utilized with radiolabeled tracers and then deals with specific applications of this technology. These applications include assessment of blood flow and metabolism, receptor imaging, elucidating the pathophysiologic process, evaluating role of labeled therapeutic agents, and the potential of these techniques in the development of novel biologic therapies. Functional imaging with radiolabeled tracers will play an increasingly important role in modern medicine, and its impact will be substantial in the management of patients with various disorders. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 21 (0 ULg) Prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique d'une opacité suspecte par la méthode ABBILIFRANGE, Eric ; BOURDOUX, B.; DONDELINGER, Robert et alin Gunaïkeia (2000), 5Detailed reference viewed: 6 (0 ULg) A comparison of respiratory pathways in fully habituated and normal non-organogenic sugarbeet callusBisbis, Badia; Wagner, Anneke; Kevers, Claire et alin Journal of Plant Physiology (2000), 156(3), 312-318The respiration of cells and isolated mitochondria of a habituated non-organogenic (HNO) cell line (auxin- and cytokinin-independent) and of a normal (N) cell line (auxin- and cytokinin-requiring) from ... [more ▼]The respiration of cells and isolated mitochondria of a habituated non-organogenic (HNO) cell line (auxin- and cytokinin-independent) and of a normal (N) cell line (auxin- and cytokinin-requiring) from sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) was investigated. Oxygen uptake by both cells and mitochondria of the HNO fine was higher than that of the N line. Respiration in the presence of cyanide (i.e. capacity of the alternative pathway) was also higher in the HNO callus as compared with the N one. The measurements of O-2 uptake from isolated HNO and N mitochondria showed that addition of a mixture of substrates (NADH, succinate, malate and NAD) resulted in a higher respiration via the CN-resistant pathway in mitochondria From HNO cells. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase was twice as high as in the N cells as compared with the HNO cells. Immunoblots also showed that a higher alternative oxidase protein was present in HNO cells than in the N cells. A model showing the relationships between the different metabolic pathways previously studied in the HNO cells and the higher respiration via the CN-resistant pathway in the HNO cells is proposed. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 9 (1 ULg) Phalangeal osteosonogrammetry study: age-related changes, diagnostic sensitivity, and discrimination power. The Phalangeal Osteosonogrammetry Study Group.Wuster, C; Albanese, C; De Aloysio, D et alin Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (2000), 15(8), 1603-14Phalangeal osteosonogrammetry was introduced as a method for bone tissue investigation in 1992. It is based on the measure of the velocity of ultrasound (amplitude-dependent speed of sound [AD-SoS]) and ... [more ▼]Phalangeal osteosonogrammetry was introduced as a method for bone tissue investigation in 1992. It is based on the measure of the velocity of ultrasound (amplitude-dependent speed of sound [AD-SoS]) and on the interpretation of the characteristics of the ultrasound signal. In this study we have collected a database of 10,115 subjects to evaluate the performance of AD-SoS and to develop a parameter that is able to quantify the signal characteristics: ultrasound bone profile index (UBPI). The database only includes females of which 4.5% had documented vertebral osteoporotic fractures, 16% lumbar spine dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and 6% hip DXA. The analysis of the ultrasound signal has shown that with aging the UBPI, first wave amplitude (FWA), and signal dynamics (SDy) follow a trend that is different from the one observed for AD-SoS; that is, there is no increase during childhood. In the whole population, the risk of fracture per SD decrease for AD-SOS was odds ratio (OR) 1.71 (CI, 1.58-1.84). The AD-SoS in fractured subjects was significantly lower than in a group of age-matched nonfractured subjects (p < 0.0001). In a small cohort of hip-fractured patients UBPI proved to be lower than in a control age-matched group (p < 0.0001). When the World Health Organization (WHO) working group criteria were applied to this population to identify the T score value for osteoporosis, for AD-SoS we found a T score of -3.2 and for UBPI we found a T score of -3.14. Sixty-six percent of vertebral fractures were below the AD-SoS -3.2 T score and 62% were below UBPI -3.14. We observed the highest incidence of fractures (63.6%) among subjects with AD-SoS who had both DXA T score values below the threshold. We conclude from this study that ultrasound investigation at the hand phalanges is a valid methodology for osteoporosis assessment. It has been possible to quantify signal changes by means of UBPI, a parameter that will improve the possibility of investigating bone structure. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 128 (22 ULg) Influence du 'sense of coherence' dans l'adaptation aux conséquences aversives du traumatismeFrançois, G.; Brouette, Béatrice ; Etienne, Anne-Marie et alin Revue Francophone de Clinique Comportementale et Cognitive (2000), V(1), 20-27Detailed reference viewed: 31 (0 ULg) Les lianes à eau, providence du villageois assoiffé en savanes Soudano-Guineennes: études quantitative et qualitative de la sève de Cissus populnea Guill. & Perr. (Vitaceae)Ambe, G. A.; Delcarte, E.; Malaisse, François in Geo-Eco-Trop (2000), 23(1-4), 107-121Detailed reference viewed: 19 (0 ULg) L'herpèsvirus bovin de type 4 : virus pathogène ou passager?Thiry, Etienne ; Markine-Goriaynoff, Nicolas; Minner, Frédéric et alin Point Vétérinaire (2000), 31Bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus in cattle. It has been isolated from animals showing a wide variety of clinical signs but few of the isolates have proven experimental ... [more ▼]Bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus in cattle. It has been isolated from animals showing a wide variety of clinical signs but few of the isolates have proven experimental pathogenicity. Species that are susceptible to BHV-4 include animals other than ruminants, notably cats and, surprisingly, a primate the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). BHV-4 exists as a latent infection in mononuclear cells. In cattle, BHV-4 has been isolated in animals exhibiting ocular and respiratory conditions and it has been found in females with genital tract conditions such as post-partum metritis and vulvovaginitis. There is some epidemiological and experimental evidence that BHV-4 may be a cause of bovine abortion. There is no vaccine available in Europe and prevention is exclusively by hygiene measures. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 62 (4 ULg) Systematic study and stratigraphic correlation of the Grandispora complex in the Famennian of Northwest and Eastern EuropeHiggs, K.T.; Avkhimovitch, V.I.; Loboziak, S. et alin Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (2000), 112Detailed reference viewed: 24 (2 ULg) De l'archétype savant au stéréotype politique : figures médiatiques du leader ouvrierGeuens, Geoffrey in Quaderni : la Revue de la Communication (2000), 40 ("Utopie I : la fabrique de l'utopie")(Hiver 1999-2000), 53-67Detailed reference viewed: 61 (26 ULg) Changes in the moss layer after liming in a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand of Eastern BelgiumDulière, J.-F.; De Bruyn, R.; Malaisse, François in Forest Ecology & Management (2000), 136(1-3), 97-105The impact of dolomite lime (5 t ha -1) on the moss layer was investigated in a Belgian Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest. Bryophytes reacted rapidly, showing a decrease in frequency, cover ... [more ▼]The impact of dolomite lime (5 t ha -1) on the moss layer was investigated in a Belgian Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest. Bryophytes reacted rapidly, showing a decrease in frequency, cover and biomass of acidophilous dominant Dicranaceae species. Some neutrophilous competitive or stress tolerant species were spreading out and some ruderals appeared. The reaction of the dominant species coverage to different liming rates was also considered. Results showed that the negative effect was more pronounced than higher dolomite doses were. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 10 (0 ULg) Les acteurs d'un système de justice pénale européenFlore, Daniel in L’espace judiciaire pénal européen après Tampere (2000)Detailed reference viewed: 39 (4 ULg) Electrical conduction by interface states in semiconductor heterojunctionsEl Yacoubi, Mohamed; Evrard, Roger ; Nguyen, Ngoc Duy et alin Semiconductor Science & Technology (2000), 15Electrical conduction in semiconductor heterojunctions containing defect states in the interface region is studied. As the classical drift-diffusion mechanism cannot in any case explain electrical ... [more ▼]Electrical conduction in semiconductor heterojunctions containing defect states in the interface region is studied. As the classical drift-diffusion mechanism cannot in any case explain electrical conduction in semiconductor heterojunctions, tunnelling involving interface states is often considered as a possible conduction path. A theoretical treatment is made where defect states in the interface region with a continuous energy distribution are included. Electrical conduction through this defect band then allows the transit of electrons from the conduction band of one semiconductor to the valence band of the second component. The analysis is initiated by electrical measurements on n-CdS/p-CdTe heterojunctions obtained by chemical vapour deposition of CdS on (111) oriented CdTe single crystals, for which current--voltage and capacitance--frequency results are shown. The theoretical analysis is based on the numerical resolution of Poisson's equation and the continuity equations of electrons, holes and defect states, where a current component corresponding to the defect band conduction is explicitly included. Comparison with the experimental curves shows that this formalism yields an efficient tool to model the conduction process through the interface region. It also allows us to determine critical values of the physical parameters when a particular step in the conduction mechanism becomes dominant. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 58 (7 ULg) Dependency of Premature Ventricular Contractions on Heart Rate and Circadian Rhythms During ChildhoodMassin, M. M.; Maeyns, K.; Withofs, Nadia et alin Cardiology (2000), 93(1-2), 70-3The aim of the present study was to identify and quantify the rate dependence of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) during childhood. A 24-hour Holter recording was performed in 16 consecutive ... [more ▼]The aim of the present study was to identify and quantify the rate dependence of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) during childhood. A 24-hour Holter recording was performed in 16 consecutive children, aged 22 days to 11 years (mean age 5.6 years), with frequent (>5,000/day), isolated monomorphic PVC. Those PVC were identified and the length of the preceding sinus cycle was measured. The values were ordered into 50-ms class intervals, and the percentage of PVC for each class was calculated and then analyzed by linear regression analysis. On the basis of the significance of the p value, and the positive or negative value of the slope, we identified a tachycardia-enhanced, a bradycardia-enhanced, and an indifferent pattern. Chronobiologic analysis was made by the cosinor method. All the patients had upper and lower limits of cycle length beyond which PVC disappeared. A tachycardia-enhanced pattern was present in 7 patients and an indifferent one in 9 patients. In the latter a second-degree polynomial correlation was systematically found. Children but not infants had a significant circadian variation in the frequency of PVC with a very variable time of highest incidence. In conclusion, it is possible to identify a circadian rhythm of PVC and a spontaneous trend between their incidence and the length of the preceding cardiac cycle in children. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 30 (1 ULg) Obs. sous Cass., 8 avril 1999Delnoy, Michel in Aménagement - Environnement (2000), 2Detailed reference viewed: 14 (0 ULg) Critical points and reaction paths characterization on a potential energy hypersurfaceRamquet, Marie-Noëlle; Dive, Georges ; Dehareng, Dominique in Journal of Chemical Physics (2000), 112(11), 4923-4934Most of the time, the definitions of minima, saddle points or more generally order p (p=0,...,n) critical points, do not mention the possibility of having zero Hessian eigenvalues. This feature reflects ... [more ▼]Most of the time, the definitions of minima, saddle points or more generally order p (p=0,...,n) critical points, do not mention the possibility of having zero Hessian eigenvalues. This feature reflects some flatness of the potential energy hypersurface in a special eigendirection which is not often taken into account. Thus, the definitions of critical points are revisited in a more general framework within this context. The concepts of bifurcation points, branching points, and valley ridge inflection points are investigated. New definitions based on the mathematical formulation of the reaction path are given and some of their properties are outlined. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(00)01110-7]. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 32 (0 ULg) Re-entrant Peierls distortion in IV-VI compoundsRaty, Jean-Yves ; Gaspard, Jean-Pierre ; Bichara, C. et alin Physica B: Condensed Matter (2000), 276-278At room temperature, the local structure of crystalline group V elements (As, Sb,middotmiddotmiddot) and their IV-VI isoelectronic compounds (GeSe,middotmiddotmiddot) is governed by a Peierls distortion ... [more ▼]At room temperature, the local structure of crystalline group V elements (As, Sb,middotmiddotmiddot) and their IV-VI isoelectronic compounds (GeSe,middotmiddotmiddot) is governed by a Peierls distortion of the simple cubic or NaCl structure which is a symmetry breaking electronic instability. The morphology of the distortion is determined by the filling ratio of the p-band; for a half-filled p-band, the sixfold coordination becomes 3 (short, covalent) +3 (long, van der Waals). In general, at high temperature, the structure recovers its higher coordination number. Neutron diffraction experiments have been made in the liquid state at lambda=0.7 Aring. It is observed that the Peierls distortion is still present in the liquid for most IV-VI compounds. This behavior is observed and discussed for a series of Sn and Ge chalcogenides: SnS, SnSe, GeS, GeSe and GeTe and their temperature evolution is discussed. GeSe and GeTe show an interesting re-entrant phase behavior. The heaviest IV-VI compound SnTe does not show a distorted state. We demonstrate that the hardness of the repulsive potential is a key parameter in this mechanism [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 43 (0 ULg) Band-by-band decompositions of the Born effective chargesGhosez, Philippe ; Gonze, X.in Journal of Physics : Condensed Matter (2000), 12(43), 9179-9188The Born effective charge, Z*, that describes the polarization created by collective atomic displacements, can be computed from first principles following different techniques. We establish the ... [more ▼]The Born effective charge, Z*, that describes the polarization created by collective atomic displacements, can be computed from first principles following different techniques. We establish the connections existing between these different formulations, and analyse the related band-by-band decompositions. We show that unlike for the full Z*, the different band-by-band values are not equal, and emphasize that one of them has a natural physical meaning in terms of Wannier functions. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 29 (0 ULg) 5-HT2A receptor polymorphism gene in Bipolar Patients and Harm Avoidance personality traitBlairy, Sylvie ; Massat, I; Staner, L et alin American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B-Neuropsychiatric Genetics (2000), 96(3), 360-364Detailed reference viewed: 13 (1 ULg) A Topological Reconstruction Theorem for $D^{\infty}$-ModulesProsmans, Fabienne ; Schneiders, Jean-Pierre in Duke Mathematical Journal (2000), 102(1), 39-86We prove that any perfect complex of $D^{\infty}-modules may be reconstructed from its holomorphic solution complex provided that we keep track of the natural topology of this last complex. This is to be ... [more ▼]We prove that any perfect complex of$D^{\infty}-modules may be reconstructed from its holomorphic solution complex provided that we keep track of the natural topology of this last complex. This is to be compared with the reconstruction theorem for regular holonomic D-modules which follows from the well-known Riemann-Hilbert correspondence. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 27 (14 ULg) Preliminary survey of the palynological content of the Lower Devonian in the Oesling, LuxembourgSteemans, Philippe ; Debbaut, Vincent ; Faber, A.in Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois (2000), 100Detailed reference viewed: 14 (7 ULg) Thermal unfolding of an intermediate is associated with non-arrhenius kinetics in the folding of hen lysozymeMatagne, André ; Jamin, M.; Chung, E. W. et alin Journal of Molecular Biology (2000), 297(1), 193-210A variety of techniques, including quenched-flow hydrogen exchange labelling monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and stopped-flow absorbance, fluorescence and circular dichroism ... [more ▼]A variety of techniques, including quenched-flow hydrogen exchange labelling monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and stopped-flow absorbance, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy, has been used to investigate the refolding kinetics of hen lysozyme over a temperature range from 2 degrees C to 50 degrees C. Simple Arrhenius behaviour is not observed, and although the overall rate of folding increases from 2 to 40 degrees C, it decreases above 40 degrees C. In addition, the transient intermediate on the major folding pathway at 20 degrees C, in which the alpha-domain is persistently structured in the absence of a stable beta-domain, is thermally unfolded in a sigmoidal transition (T-m approximate to 40 degrees C) indicative of a cooperatively folded state. At all temperatures, however, there is evidence for fast (similar to 25%) and slow (similar to 75%) populations of refolding molecules. By using transition state theory, the kinetic data from various experiments were jointly fitted to a sequential three-state model for the slow folding pathway. Together with previous findings, these results indicate that the alpha-domain intermediate is a productive species on the folding route between the denatured and native states, and which accumulates as a consequence of its intrinsic stability. Our analysis suggests that the temperature dependence of the rate constant for lysozyme folding depends on both the total change in the heat capacity between the ground and transition states (the dominant factor at low temperatures) and the heat-induced destabilization of the alpha-domain intermediate (the dominant factor at high temperatures). Destablization of such kinetically competent intermediate species is Likely to be a determining factor in the non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the folding rate of those proteins for which one or more intermediates are populated. (C) 2000 Academic Press. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 21 (2 ULg) Is the external beam PIXE method suitable for determining ancient silver artifact fineness?Weber, Georges ; Guillaume, J.; Strivay, David et alin Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B (2000), 161In archeometry, the non-destructive characteristic of an analytical method is always very attractive. For most of techniques, besides the need of sampling, difficulties can originate from the shape and ... [more ▼]In archeometry, the non-destructive characteristic of an analytical method is always very attractive. For most of techniques, besides the need of sampling, difficulties can originate from the shape and the size of the silver artifacts to be analyzed. The external PIXE method should be an answer to this problem but several questions are arising from the implementation of the technique to such a material. The aim of this paper is to specify the experimental procedure as to take into account several parameters, which could induce dramatic errors. Among them it can be pointed out the superficial enrichment in silver, arising from the dissolution of copper and copper oxide, the surface roughness effects, the great importance of the stability of the geometric conditions. The accuracy and the precision of the method are considered within the scope of the results obtained in ancient times by the cupellation with ashbone cupels. In addition. the process involved to obtain silver alloys has been studied in order to define its influence on the real fineness of the objects. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 21 (3 ULg) Specific phosphorylation of Torpedo 43 rapsyn by endogenous kinase(s) with thiamine triphosphate as the phosphate donorNghiêm, Hoang O; Bettendorff, Lucien ; Changeux, Jean-Pierrein FASEB Journal (2000), 14Detailed reference viewed: 7 (3 ULg) Clinical impact and perspectives of 18F-FDG PET in lymphomaJerusalem, Guy ; Beguin, Yves in Clinical Lymphoma (2000), 1Detailed reference viewed: 10 (6 ULg) Micropore size distributions of activated carbonsBlacher, Silvia ; Sahouli, Bendida; Heinrichs, Benoît et alin Langmuir (2000), 16(16), 6754-6756Detailed reference viewed: 41 (7 ULg) La trisomie 21 : étude d’une stratégie de mémorisationFrenkel, Stéphanie in Le Journal des Psychologues (2000), 182Detailed reference viewed: 34 (8 ULg) Nutrient depletions in the Ross Sea and their relation with pigment stocksGoeyens, Leo; Elskens, Marc; Catalano, Giulio et alin Journal of Marine Systems (2000), 27The present article depicts a first attempt to relate the governing nutrient uptake regime and phytopigment signature of the Ross Sea. Based on nutrient and phytopigment data obtained during two cruises ... [more ▼]The present article depicts a first attempt to relate the governing nutrient uptake regime and phytopigment signature of the Ross Sea. Based on nutrient and phytopigment data obtained during two cruises in the Ross Sea, two distinct groups were recognised. The first one was characterised by moderate nutrient nitrate and silicic acid depletions in combination with relatively high diatom and Phaeocystis abundance. The second group showed very low nutrient depletions and very poor diatom abundance. Average depth specific nitrate depletions were 8.1 and 1.1 μM and average silicic acid depletions were 21.5 and 1.3 μM, respectively. The nutrient consumption patterns did not match the conditions of silicic acid excess (SEA) or nitrate excess areas (NEA), a clear trend being probably obscured by very poor seasonal maturity of several sampling stations. The contrast between both groups is largely explained by small differences in nitrogen uptake regime of the major phytoplankters. During early season, the diatoms meet the majority of their nitrogen requirements by nitrate uptake, with few exceptions where ammonium is the most important nitrogenous substrate. On average, their nitrate uptake capacity is lower than that of Phaeocystis (average specific nitrate uptake rates were 0.021 and 0.036 day y-1 for diatoms and Phaeocystis, respectively). The latter phytoplankton always shows predominance of nitrate uptake. Both groups are subject to inhibition of nitrate uptake when ammonium availability increases, and it is likely that the diatoms are more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of ammonium. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 36 (4 ULg) Effect of nicotine on rat gingival fibroblasts in vitroLahmouzi, Jamila ; Simain-Sato, Franklin ; Defresne, Marie-Paule et alin Connective Tissue Research (2000), 41(1), 69-80Nicotine from 3 to 5 mM affects growth and survival rate of rat gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Ultrastructural analysis revealed dilated mitochondria and vacuolization in treated cells, suggestive of ... [more ▼]Nicotine from 3 to 5 mM affects growth and survival rate of rat gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Ultrastructural analysis revealed dilated mitochondria and vacuolization in treated cells, suggestive of necrosis, but increased apoptosis was also revealed by cytometry. On the basis of this in vitro study, it appear that tobacco, through its component nicotine, may directly affect various functions of rat gingival fibroblasts [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 135 (10 ULg) Calendes et calendriers: du temps cyclique au temps historiqueBiémont, Emile in Ciel (Le) (2000), 62Detailed reference viewed: 11 (3 ULg) Tectonic vs. shallow origin of geodetically inferred ground movements: an NE Ardenne (Belgium) caseDemoulin, Alain ; Vliegen, Bernard; Charlier, Robert in Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2000), 181(1-2), 217-228In order to get a better insight into the temporal pattern of height change variations in a moderately seismic intraplate area, a 1 km long section has been weekly leveled from April, 21, 1997 to January ... [more ▼]In order to get a better insight into the temporal pattern of height change variations in a moderately seismic intraplate area, a 1 km long section has been weekly leveled from April, 21, 1997 to January, 12, 1998 in NE Ardenne (Belgium). As this section is located very close to a small reservoir of 25 X 10(6) m(3), it also allowed the influence of lake level variations on the nearby ground motion to be studied. The measured height difference variations show a maximum amplitude of 3.45 mm, with weekly values not exceeding 1 mm. A two-dimensional (2D) finite element modeling confirms that waterload variations in the lake are the primary cause of movement of the section, inducing maximum ground subsidence of about 2 cm and seasonal tilting of 3-4 mu rads within a range of 2-3 km. We also show that a fault passively alters the spatial distribution of the waterload-dependent movements. The removal of this component from the observed ground motion leaves oscillating residual displacements characterized by an amplitude of 1-1.5 mm and a 'period' of about 2 months. We demonstrate that these displacements are independent of rainfall and probably of groundwater fluctuation too. Although most of the residual motions take place on the fault straddled by the leveling section, no credible mechanism can be found to ascribe these motions to a tectonic process. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 52 (16 ULg) Un outil d’optimisation des structures orthotropes intégré à l’avant-projetRigo, Philippe in Construction Métallique (2000)Detailed reference viewed: 539 (0 ULg) Formation des enseignants et évaluation : L'évolution depuis 1995Beckers, Jacqueline in TNTEE (Thematic Network for Teacher Education in Europe) (2000)Detailed reference viewed: 23 (2 ULg) Pédophilie : un synopsis cliniqueKempeneers, Philippe in Sexologies (2000), 9(33), 8-17Conceiving pedophilic sexuality as a sexuality resulting from a fack of grtifying relationships to adults is an important operational reference for the clinician. In this way, the obstacles to sexual ... [more ▼]Conceiving pedophilic sexuality as a sexuality resulting from a fack of grtifying relationships to adults is an important operational reference for the clinician. In this way, the obstacles to sexual satisfaction with adults can become the privileged target of therapeutic and preventive acts.The narcissic fragility is certainly an obstacle common to almost all the pedophilic patterns. Beyond this common denominator, the individual cases are characterized by strong dissimilarities. The variety of the cases justifies the attempts to classify the different types of pedophiles. But the typological systems are also quite different, depending on the theorical and methodological preferences of their authors. Starting from the ideas of several authors, this article try to sum up the variety of pedophilic functioning in four axes of variation. At last, the article stresses the imortance of contexts of life as factors leading a predisposed personality to transgression [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 74 (10 ULg) Adenovirus infections in pigeonsDuchatel, Jean-Pierre ; Marlier, Didier ; Jauniaux, Thierry et alin Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (2000), 144(1), 13-17This paper describes the different clinical aspects of the adenovirus infections in pigeons. Etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. The two specific clinical ... [more ▼]This paper describes the different clinical aspects of the adenovirus infections in pigeons. Etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. The two specific clinical syndromes of pigeons are mainly described: classical adenovirus and necrotizing-hepatitis. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 80 (5 ULg) Treating families of individuals with traumatic brain injury : Presentation of clinical cases approached from a structural therapy perspectiveLaroi, Frank in Journal of Family Psychotherapy (2000), 11A traumatic brain injury may have a great impact on the family as a whole and may include changes in the family's organizational structure, communication patterns, or balance of family needs. In spite of ... [more ▼]A traumatic brain injury may have a great impact on the family as a whole and may include changes in the family's organizational structure, communication patterns, or balance of family needs. In spite of this, treatment strategies for these problems are only slowly being recognized, resulting in either family reactions being inadequately addressed in rehabilitative programs, or treatment being approached from a family support perspective and not from a family therapy perspective. The aim of the following paper is to illustrate how family therapeutical approaches can be used in treating families of individuals with brain injury, in particular, structural interventions. Clinical examples will be presented where structural interventions were utilized with brain injury patients and their families. Other inverventional approaches from family therapy will also be mentioned. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 44 (2 ULg) Le maillage vert... ou les réseaux de toute nature...Mougenot, Catherine ; Melin, Eric in Cahiers de l'Urbanisme (Les) (2000), (28-29), 42-45Depuis quelques années se développent un peu partout des projets de sentiers nature, de réseaux de cheminements lents, de création de mares, de jardin au naturel, etc. Ils peuvent être regroupés sous le ... [more ▼]Depuis quelques années se développent un peu partout des projets de sentiers nature, de réseaux de cheminements lents, de création de mares, de jardin au naturel, etc. Ils peuvent être regroupés sous le terme de maillage vert ou de réseau écologique. L'article souligne que pour que de tels projets aboutissent, ils supposent une interaction étroite entre réseaux naturels et réseaux humains. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 113 (22 ULg) Enzyme-Histochemical Detection of a Chymase-Like Proteinase within Bovine Mucosal and Connective Tissue Mast CellsJolly, Sandra ; Detilleux, Johann ; Coignoul, Freddy et alin Journal of Comparative Pathology (2000), 122(Feb-Apr), 155-162The presence of chymase-like proteinase in bovine mast cells was investigated by an enzyme-histochemical technique (naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate as substrate) in normal skin, primary bronchus, lung and ... [more ▼]The presence of chymase-like proteinase in bovine mast cells was investigated by an enzyme-histochemical technique (naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate as substrate) in normal skin, primary bronchus, lung and duodenum. The counts and distribution of chymase-positive and toluidine blue-positive mast cells were compared by means of successive staining. Mast cells with chymase-like activity were detected in all areas, but their proportion was greater in connective than mucosal tissues, with the exception of the skin. These results contrast with those obtained in rodents, in which chymase-like proteinases are detected in all tissues and also in all mast cells. Bovine mast cells are closer to those of human beings, in which chymase-containing mast cells predominate in connective tissues, including skin. The results suggest that more than one chymase subset is present, at least in duodenum. The possible occurrence of dual-specific chymase mast cells, as in other ruminants, is discussed. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 21 (1 ULg) Multimedia education in headache: the European Neurological Network.Russell, M. B.; Dremstrup Nielsen, K.; Rasmussen, C. et alin European Journal of Neurology (2000), 7(3), 355-62The European Neurological Network is a European Economic Community supported project. The purpose of the project was to develop a multimedia educational tool for general practitioners in order to improve ... [more ▼]The European Neurological Network is a European Economic Community supported project. The purpose of the project was to develop a multimedia educational tool for general practitioners in order to improve their management of sleep disorders, epilepsy and headache. The project involves approximately one hundred engineers and physicians from Belgium, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain. This paper concerns the multimedia educational tool on headache. The system consists of five different modules, i.e. classification, clinical data, headache tutorial, diagnostic headache diary and nomenclature. It is possible to move between the modules both vertically and horizontally. The headache classification of the International Headache Society is provided in full text as a work of reference. This classification is used world wide and has been adopted by International Classification of Diseases 10 Neurological Adaptation (ICD-10 NA) and the World Health Organisation. The clinical data concentrate on migraine and tension-type headache, the two most common headache disorders, but data on familial hemiplegic migraine, cluster headache, drug-induced headache and secondary headaches are also available. The headache tutorial consists of case records that the user can test their diagnostic abilities on. The diagnostic headache diary is an expert system on headache diagnostics. It can be filled in during a consultation in order to provide the headache diagnosis or it can be printed and used by the headache patient to record headache attacks and medicine consumption. The nomenclature module provides an explanation of words and expressions used in the system. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 22 (0 ULg) Chronic hepatitis B therapy with lamivudine in clinical practice - Summary of the discussionDixon, J.; Delwaide, Jean ; Horsmans, Y. et alin Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica (2000), 63(4), 357-358Detailed reference viewed: 13 (1 ULg) Base Plate in Bending and Anchor Bolts in TensionWald, Frantisek; Jaspart, Jean-Pierre ; sokol, Z et alin Journal of Constructional Steel Research (2000)The paper describes behaviour of the base plate in bending and the anchor bolts in tension, which is the major component of the base plate connection. The analytical model predicts the component ... [more ▼]The paper describes behaviour of the base plate in bending and the anchor bolts in tension, which is the major component of the base plate connection. The analytical model predicts the component characteristics — the resistance and the stiffness. It is described how the quality of the behaviour is guided by the contact between the base plate and the concrete surface. The presented analytical prediction model is veriﬁed on tests and FE simulation. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 30 (0 ULg) Recommandations a propos du traitement de l'hypertension arterielle chez le patient diabetique.Scheen, André ; Rorive, Marcelle ; Estrella, F. et alin Revue Médicale de Liège (2000), 55(5), 376-82Diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with arterial hypertension and the combination of the two entities markedly increases the cardiovascular risk and accelerates the progression of microangiopathy ... [more ▼]Diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with arterial hypertension and the combination of the two entities markedly increases the cardiovascular risk and accelerates the progression of microangiopathy (more particularly nephropathy) in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Numerous international guidelines have been published during the last few years to help the practitioner in targeting ideal arterial blood pressure levels (lower in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients) and in selecting first-choice antihypertensive agents. We will concisely summarize the main messages of these recommendations and insist upon the persistence of uncertainties, or even the existence of inconsistencies, more particularly regarding preferential indications of antihypertensive agents in diabetic patients. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 67 (1 ULg) Background for studies on the treatment of male osteoporosis: state of the art.Kaufman, J M; Johnell, O; Abadie, Eric et alin Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000), 59(10), 765-72Male osteoporosis represents an important, although long underestimated, public health problem. Both in men and in women aging is accompanied by continuous bone loss and by an exponential increase in the ... [more ▼]Male osteoporosis represents an important, although long underestimated, public health problem. Both in men and in women aging is accompanied by continuous bone loss and by an exponential increase in the incidence of osteoporotic fracture, with a female to male incidence ratio of about 2 to 3 to 1 in the elderly for hip and vertebral fractures. Morbidity after osteoporotic fractures appears to be more serious and mortality more common in men than in women. To date, no single treatment has been proved to be effective and safe in published prospective studies. The present report, based on a systematic search of the literature on male osteoporosis, summarises the state of the art on the clinical consequences of male osteoporosis and its risk factors, in relation to the present state of knowledge about female osteoporosis. This constitutes the background for the design of rational clinical development strategies for therapeutic interventions in male osteoporosis. From this review of the literature it is apparent that notwithstanding the existing sex differences in pathophysiology of osteoporosis and the difference in age-specific incidence of osteoporotic fractures, there are also important similarities between osteoporosis in women and men. The higher incidence of fracture in women than in men results from quantitative differences in risk factors rather than from different risk factors. Even though there are sex differences in bone geometry, incidence of fracture seems to be similar in men and women for a same absolute areal bone mineral density. However, the lack of data on the changes in fracture rates in men resulting from pharmacological intervention, leading to changes in bone mineral density or bone turnover, remains the main limitation for extrapolation of established treatment outcomes from women to men. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 37 (4 ULg) Hyperammonemia after high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation.Frere, Pascale ; Canivet, Jean-Luc ; Gennigens, Christine et alin Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000), 26(3), 343-5We report a patient with multiple myeloma who suffered from hyperammonemia after a second stem cell autograft. This syndrome is not well known but is associated with a high mortality rate. Considering the ... [more ▼]We report a patient with multiple myeloma who suffered from hyperammonemia after a second stem cell autograft. This syndrome is not well known but is associated with a high mortality rate. Considering the possibility of this diagnosis in patients developing confusion and neurological degradation with respiratory alkalosis after intensive chemotherapy, could allow earlier treatment and perhaps improved survival. Possible mechanisms and potential therapies are discussed. With rapid recognition and treatment of the syndrome, the patient fully recovered. One and a half years later, she is still alive and well, on interferon for persisting myeloma. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 93 (2 ULg) Aerosol therapy in veterinary medicine : is it the future ?Lekeux, Pierre in Veterinary Journal (2000), 160Detailed reference viewed: 5 (0 ULg) Stress-induced premature senescence. Essence of life, evolution, stress, and aging.Toussain, O.; Dumont, P.; Dierick, J.-F. et alin Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2000), 908Detailed reference viewed: 12 (1 ULg) Intestinal maturation induced by spermine in young animalsPeulen, Olivier ; Deloyer, P; Grandfils, Christian et alin Livestock Production Science (2000), 66Detailed reference viewed: 10 (2 ULg) Adoptive immunotherapy with donor lymphocyte infusions after allogeneic HPC transplantation.Baron, Frédéric ; Beguin, Yves in Transfusion (2000), 40(4), 468-76Detailed reference viewed: 9 (1 ULg) Dénonciation du crédit, apurement hors délai des arriérés et paiement régulier de toutes les mensualités ultérieures, note sous J.P. Charleroi II, 23 novembre 1998Biquet, Christine in Journal des Juges de Paix = Tijdschrift van de Vrederecters (2000)Detailed reference viewed: 26 (5 ULg) Développement durable et organisation urbaine : le mot dʼordre de la ville compacteHalleux, Jean-Marie in Cahiers de l'Urbanisme (Les) (2000), (30), 18-23Detailed reference viewed: 100 (9 ULg) D'un procès à l'autre - pour une esthétique des médiasServais, Christine in Recherches en Communication (2000), 13Detailed reference viewed: 63 (15 ULg) A random matrix model for color superconductivity at zero chemical potentialVanderheyden, Benoît ; Jackson, A. D.in Physical Review. D : Particles and Fields (2000), 61(7), 076004We discuss random matrix models for the spontaneous breaking of both chiral and color symmetries at zero chemical potential and finite temperature. Exploring different Lorentz and gauge symmetric color ... [more ▼]We discuss random matrix models for the spontaneous breaking of both chiral and color symmetries at zero chemical potential and finite temperature. Exploring different Lorentz and gauge symmetric color structures of the random matrix interactions, we find that spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking is always thermodynamically preferred over diquark condensation. Stable diquark condensates appear only as SU(2) rotated chiral condensates, which do not represent an independent thermodynamic phase. Our analysis is based on general symmetry arguments and hence suggests that no stable and independent diquark phase can form in QCD with two flavors at zero quark chemical potential. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 16 (2 ULg) Late Frasnian - Famennian climates based on palynomorph analyses and the question of the late Devonian glaciations.Streel, Maurice ; Caputo, MV; Loboziak, S et alin Earth-Science Reviews (2000), 52(1-3), 121-173Detailed reference viewed: 32 (3 ULg) Pharma clinics. Comment je traite ... un trouble de la kaliémieNeven, Ingrid; Krzesinski, Jean-Marie in Revue Médicale de Liège (2000), 55(1), 4-7The treatment of dyskalemia must be primarily etiological and later symptomatic. When moderate but significant hypokalemia exists (K < 3 mmol/l or 3.5 mmol/l with cardiac disease), oral K supplements must ... [more ▼]The treatment of dyskalemia must be primarily etiological and later symptomatic. When moderate but significant hypokalemia exists (K < 3 mmol/l or 3.5 mmol/l with cardiac disease), oral K supplements must be given. The intravenous route must be reserved for emergency or impossible oral administration. Acute and severe hyperkalemia (K > 7 mmol/l) must be first corrected by different intravenous measures with secondary oral intervention. In chronic and/or moderate hyperkalemia (K > 5.5 mmol/l), the oral route for treatment is prefered. In any case, the research of the cause (mainly drug induced) is fundamental. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 197 (15 ULg) Effect of Temperature on Growth of Psychrophilic and Psychrotrophic Members of Rhodotorula AurantiacaSabri, Ahmed ; Jacques, Philippe ; Weekers, Frederic et alin Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2000), 84-86(Spring), 391-9The thermo-dependence of growth kinetic parameters was investigated for the Antarctic psychrophilic strain Rhodotorula aurantiaca and a psychrotrophic strain of the same species isolated in Belgium ... [more ▼]The thermo-dependence of growth kinetic parameters was investigated for the Antarctic psychrophilic strain Rhodotorula aurantiaca and a psychrotrophic strain of the same species isolated in Belgium (Ardennes area). Cell production, maximum growth rate (mu max), and half-saturation constant for glucose uptake (Ks) of both yeasts were temperature dependent. For the two yeasts, a maximum cell production was observed at about 0 degree C, and cell production decreased when temperature increased. The mu max values for both strains increased with temperature up to a maximum of 10 degrees C for the psychrophilic strain and 17 degrees C for the psychrotrophic strain. For both yeasts, Ks for glucose was relatively constant at low temperatures. It increased at temperatures above 10 degrees C for the psychrophilic strain and 17 degrees C for the psychrotrophic strain. Although its glucose affinity was lower, the psychrotrophic strain grew more rapidly than the psychrophilic one. The difference in growth rate and substrate affinity was related to the origin of the strain and the adaptation strategy of R. aurantiaca to environmental conditions. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 191 (21 ULg) Structure-activity relationships on adrenoceptors and imidazoline-preferring binding sites (I(1,2)-PBSs). Part 1: Weak intramolecular H-bond and conformational flexibility in a new I1-PBS-selective imidazoline analogue, trans1-(4',5'-dihydro-1'H-imidazol-2'-yl)methyl-2-hydroxyindane (PMS 952).Ye, Hai Fen; Dive, Georges ; Dehareng, Dominique et alin Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry (2000), 8(8), 1861-9The highly selective I1-PBS imidazoline analogue PMS 952 has been selected to study the incidence of intramolecular hydrogen bond and molecular flexibility on its biological activity. On one hand, the ... [more ▼]The highly selective I1-PBS imidazoline analogue PMS 952 has been selected to study the incidence of intramolecular hydrogen bond and molecular flexibility on its biological activity. On one hand, the weak energy difference between three calculated conformers does not support the stabilization of one conformer by an internal hydrogen bond. The 3-D electrostatic map confirms this feature and the solvent effect does not significantly modify the relative energy of these conformers. On the other hand, the conformational spaces of the neutral and ionized forms present a great number of equilibrium structures, in a short energetic range (20 Kcal). The results are representative of an exceptional conformational flexibility due to a cooperative effect between several parts of the molecule. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 83 (1 ULg) De la relation spatiale entre les personnages des groupes statuaires royaux en Égypte pharaoniqueLaboury, Dimitri in Revue d'Egyptologie (2000), 51Given the unity of representational system of Ancient Egypt, the author proposes to investigate the possibility of application of the principle of the "rabattement" or folding back in a three-dimensional ... [more ▼]Given the unity of representational system of Ancient Egypt, the author proposes to investigate the possibility of application of the principle of the "rabattement" or folding back in a three-dimensional art such as statuary, considering the case of the royal statue groups [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 45 (2 ULg) Oestrogenotherapie apres la menopause et protection cardio-vasculaire: discordance entre les observations epidemiologiques et les resultats d'essais therapeutiques.Scheen, André in Revue Médicale de Liège (2000), 55(9), 886-8Based upon the positive results of a large epidemiological study and the negative results of an interventional clinical trial recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine, we will briefly ... [more ▼]Based upon the positive results of a large epidemiological study and the negative results of an interventional clinical trial recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine, we will briefly discuss the impact of estrogen replacement therapy on the protection against coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 37 (1 ULg) Auditory steady-state response and bispectral index for assessing level of consciousness during propofol sedation and hypnosis.Bonhomme, Vincent ; Plourde, Gilles; Meuret, Pascal et alin Anesthesia and analgesia (2000), 91(6), 1398-403We assessed the effect of propofol on the auditory steady-state response (ASSR), bispectral (BIS) index, and level of consciousness in two experiments. In Experiment 1, propofol was infused in 11 subjects ... [more ▼]We assessed the effect of propofol on the auditory steady-state response (ASSR), bispectral (BIS) index, and level of consciousness in two experiments. In Experiment 1, propofol was infused in 11 subjects to obtain effect-site concentrations of 1, 2, 3, and 4 microg/mL. The ASSR and BIS index were recorded during baseline and at each concentration. The ASSR was evoked by monaural stimuli. Propofol caused a concentration-dependent decrease of the ASSR and BIS index values (r(2) = 0.76 and 0.93, respectively; P<0.0001). The prediction probability for loss of consciousness was 0.89, 0.96, and 0.94 for ASSR, BIS, and arterial blood concentration of propofol, respectively. In Experiment 2, we compared the effects of binaural versus monaural stimulus delivery on the ASSR in six subjects during awake baseline and propofol-induced unconsciousness. During baseline, the ASSR amplitude with binaural stimulation (0.47+/-0.13 microV, mean +/- SD) was significantly (P<0.002) larger than with monaural stimulation (0.35+/-0.11 microV). During unconsciousness, the amplitude was 0.09+/-0.09 microV with monaural and 0.06+/-0.04 microV with binaural stimulation (NS). The prediction probability for loss of consciousness was 0.97 (0.04 SE) for monaural and 1.00 (0.00 SE) for binaural delivery. We conclude that the ASSR and BIS index are attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner by propofol and provide a useful measure of its sedative and hypnotic effect. BIS was easier to use and slightly more sensitive. The ASSR should be recorded with binaural stimulation. The ASSR and BIS index are both useful for assessing the level of consciousness during sedation and hypnosis with propofol. However, the BIS index was simpler to use and provided a more sensitive measure of sedation. IMPLICATIONS: We have compared two methods for predicting whether the amount of propofol given to a human subject is sufficient to cause unconsciousness, defined as failure to respond to a simple verbal command. The two methods studied are the auditory steady-state response, which measures the electrical response of the brain to sound, and the bispectral index, which is a number derived from the electroencephalogram. The results showed that both methods are very good predictors of the level of consciousness; however, bispectral was easier to use. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 32 (0 ULg) Le désistement d'appel et l'acquiescement sont-ils (encore) prohibés en matière de divorceBoularbah, Hakim in Divorce : Actualité Juridique, Sociale et Fiscale (2000)Detailed reference viewed: 99 (1 ULg) Comparison of rectal and infrared ear temperatures in older hospital inpatients.Smitz, Simon ; Giagoultsis, T; Dewé, Walthère et alin Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (2000), 48(1), 63-6OBJECTIVES: To assess the agreement between infrared emission detection (IRED) ear and rectal temperatures and to determine the validity of IRED ear thermometry in detecting rectal fever. DESIGN ... [more ▼]OBJECTIVES: To assess the agreement between infrared emission detection (IRED) ear and rectal temperatures and to determine the validity of IRED ear thermometry in detecting rectal fever. DESIGN: Prospective, convenience sample, unblinded study. SETTING: An acute geriatric unit (teaching hospital) and a multidisciplinary intensive care unit. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 45 inpatients (26 women and 19 men), aged 78.3+/-6.9 years, admitted over a 4-month period. Twelve of the patients were definitely infected. MEASUREMENTS: Sequential rectal (RT) and ear temperature (ET) measurements were performed using mercury-in-glass and IRED ear thermometers, respectively. IRED ear temperatures were measured at both ears (unadjusted mode), with the highest of six ear temperatures considered the true value. RESULTS: Mean RT (37.39 degrees C +/- 0.52 degrees C) was significantly (P<.001) higher than mean ET (36.89 degrees C +/-0.59 degrees C). A highly significant positive correlation was found between RT and ET (slope = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52-0.86; P<.001; r = 0.78). The mean bias (mean of the differences) between RT and ET was 0.50 degrees C +/-0.37 degrees C (95% CI, 0.41 degrees C-0.59 degrees C), and the 95% limits of agreement -0.22 degrees C and 1.23 degrees C (95% CI, -0.38 degrees C to 1.39 degrees C). According to the standard criterion (RT > or =37.6 degrees C), 14 patients were febrile. Using an optimum IRED ear fever threshold (37.2 degrees C), the sensitivity and specificity of IRED ear thermometry for predicting rectal fever were 86% and 89%, respectively (positive predictive value, 80%; negative predictive value, 93%). CONCLUSIONS: The degree of agreement between rectal temperature and the highest of six IRED ear temperatures was acceptable. Using an optimal IRED ear fever threshold of 37.2 degrees C (99 degrees F), IRED ear thermometry had acceptable sensitivity and specificity for predicting rectal fever. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 14 (0 ULg) Comparative in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activity of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2’-deoxyuridine (BVDU) and its arabinosyl derivative,(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-1-b-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (BVaraU), against tumor cells expressing either the Varicella zoster or the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinaseGrignet, Christine ; Cool, Vincent; Baudson, Nathalie et alin Cancer Gene Therapy (2000), 7Detailed reference viewed: 16 (2 ULg) The Legionella (Fluoribacter) gormanii metallo-beta-lactamase: a new member of the highly divergent lineage of molecular-subclass B3 beta-lactamases.Boschi, L.; Mercuri, Paola ; Riccio, M. L. et alin Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy (2000), 44(6), 1538-43A metallo-beta-lactamase determinant was cloned from a genomic library of Legionella (Fluoribacter) gormanii ATCC 33297(T) constructed in the plasmid vector pACYC184 and transformed into Escherichia coli ... [more ▼]A metallo-beta-lactamase determinant was cloned from a genomic library of Legionella (Fluoribacter) gormanii ATCC 33297(T) constructed in the plasmid vector pACYC184 and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5alpha, by screening for clones showing a reduced susceptibility to imipenem. The product of the cloned determinant, named FEZ-1, contains a 30-kDa polypeptide and exhibits an isoelectric pH of 7.6. Sequencing revealed that FEZ-1 is a molecular-class B beta-lactamase which shares the closest structural similarity (29.7% of identical residues) with the L1 enzyme of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, being a new member of the highly divergent subclass B3 lineage. All the residues that in L1 are known to be directly or indirectly involved in coordination of the zinc ions were found to be conserved also in FEZ-1, suggesting that the geometry of zinc coordination in the active site of the latter enzyme is identical to that of L1. Unlike L1, however, FEZ-1 appeared to be monomeric in gel permeation chromatography experiments and exhibited a distinctive substrate specificity with a marked preference for cephalosporins and meropenem. The properties of FEZ-1 overall resembled those of a beta-lactamase previously purified from the same strain of L. gormanii (T. Fujii, K. Sato, K. Miyata, M. Inoue, and S. Mitsuhashi, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 29:925-926, 1986) and are as yet unique among class B enzymes, reinforcing the notion that considerable functional heterogeneity can be encountered among members of this class. A system for overexpression of the bla(FEZ-1) gene in E. coli, based on the T7 phage promoter, was also developed. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 12 (0 ULg) Neuropsychologie de l'apprentissage implicte et de la mémoire procéduraleMeulemans, Thierry in Revue de Neuropsychologie (2000), 10(1), 129-157Detailed reference viewed: 68 (11 ULg) L’internationalisation des entreprises de distribution. Quelques observations au départ du cas européenMerenne-Schoumaker, Bernadette in Géographies. Bulletin de l'Association de Géographes Français (2000), (2000-1), 66-73To understand the internationalization of retailing, we must understand the internationalization of its entreprises. With this aim in view, one first case is chosen - Europa - and the processus is learned ... [more ▼]To understand the internationalization of retailing, we must understand the internationalization of its entreprises. With this aim in view, one first case is chosen - Europa - and the processus is learned through the main questions of geography : what where ? which evolution ? who ? how ? why and why there and not elsewhere ? The lead of territory in the strategies and the choices of the firms is clearly showed; this fact confirms the geographical relevance of the thema « Globalization of Retailing ». [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 488 (2 ULg) Les marqueurs endométriaux de l'implantation : un nouveau dialogue paracrineGeenen, Vincent ; PERRIER d'HAUTERIVE, Sophie in Revue du Praticien (La) (2000)Detailed reference viewed: 5 (0 ULg) Comparative Effects Of Deltamethrin And Neem Kernel Solution Treatments On Diamondback Moth And Cotesia Plutellae (Hym., Braconidae) Parasitoid Populations In The Cotonou Peri-Urban Area In BeninGoudegnon, Ae.; Kirk, Aa.; Schiffers, Bruno et alin Journal of Applied Entomology-Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Entomologie (2000), 124(3-4), 141-144Detailed reference viewed: 17 (0 ULg) Generalization of automatic sequences for numeration systems on a regular languageRigo, Michel in Theoretical Computer Science (2000), 244Let L be an infinite regular language on a totally ordered alphabet (Σ,<). Feeding a finite deterministic automaton (with output) with the words of L, enumerated lexicographically with respect to <, leads ... [more ▼]Let L be an infinite regular language on a totally ordered alphabet (Σ,<). Feeding a finite deterministic automaton (with output) with the words of L, enumerated lexicographically with respect to <, leads to an infinite sequence over the output alphabet of the automaton. This process generalizes the concept of k-automatic sequence for abstract numeration systems on a regular language (instead of systems in base k). Here, we study the first properties of these sequences and their relations with numeration systems. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 18 (3 ULg) Laparoscopic myolysis.Donnez, Jacques; Sqifflet, Jean; Polet, Roland et alin Human Reproduction Update (2000), 6(6), 609-13This review will focus on the different techniques and the long-term effects of the technique called myolysis on myoma growth. Indications for myolysis are essentially pelvic pain, compression symptoms ... [more ▼]This review will focus on the different techniques and the long-term effects of the technique called myolysis on myoma growth. Indications for myolysis are essentially pelvic pain, compression symptoms and global uterine volume in order to avoid hysterectomy. In the late 1980s, myolysis was performed laparoscopically with the help of the neodynium: yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. Later, bipolar needles were developed as an alternative to the Nd:YAG laser. Diathermy and cryomyolysis were also proposed but series are small in the literature. Very recently, myoma interstitial thermo-therapy (MITT) was performed using the diode laser and a specific optical light diffuser that is designed to transmit laser light in all directions. Laparoscopic myolysis was proved to be effective in provoking myoma shrinkage, with a dramatic decrease in size and a marked devascularization of the myoma and this technique can be proposed as an alternative to myomectomy in selected patients: only those aged >40 years or those not desiring to bear any more children. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 14 (0 ULg) Epithelial and endothelial expression of the green fluorescent protein reporter gene under the control of bovine prion protein (PrP) gene regulatory sequences in transgenic mice.Lemaire-Vieille, C.; Schulze, T.; Podevin-Dimster, V. et alin Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2000), 97(10), 5422-7The expression of the cellular form of the prion protein (PrP(c)) gene is required for prion replication and neuroinvasion in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The identification of the cell ... [more ▼]The expression of the cellular form of the prion protein (PrP(c)) gene is required for prion replication and neuroinvasion in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The identification of the cell types expressing PrP(c) is necessary to understanding how the agent replicates and spreads from peripheral sites to the central nervous system. To determine the nature of the cell types expressing PrP(c), a green fluorescent protein reporter gene was expressed in transgenic mice under the control of 6.9 kb of the bovine PrP gene regulatory sequences. It was shown that the bovine PrP gene is expressed as two populations of mRNA differing by alternative splicing of one 115-bp 5' untranslated exon in 17 different bovine tissues. The analysis of transgenic mice showed reporter gene expression in some cells that have been identified as expressing PrP, such as cerebellar Purkinje cells, lymphocytes, and keratinocytes. In addition, expression of green fluorescent protein was observed in the plexus of the enteric nervous system and in a restricted subset of cells not yet clearly identified as expressing PrP: the epithelial cells of the thymic medullary and the endothelial cells of both the mucosal capillaries of the intestine and the renal capillaries. These data provide valuable information on the distribution of PrP(c) at the cellular level and argue for roles of the epithelial and endothelial cells in the spread of infection from the periphery to the brain. Moreover, the transgenic mice described in this paper provide a model that will allow for the study of the transcriptional activity of the PrP gene promoter in response to scrapie infection. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 9 (1 ULg) Characterization Of The Lipid-Binding Properties And Lipoprotein Lipase Inhibition Of A Novel Apolipoprotein C-Iii Variant Ala23thrLiu, Hq.; Labeur, C.; Xu, Cf. et alin Journal of Lipid Research (2000), 41(11), 9201-12The physicochemical properties of recombinant wild type and three site-directed mutants of apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III), designed by molecular modeling to alter specific amino acid residues implicated ... [more ▼]The physicochemical properties of recombinant wild type and three site-directed mutants of apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III), designed by molecular modeling to alter specific amino acid residues implicated in lipid binding (L9T/T20L, F64A/W65A) or LPL inhibition (K21A), were compared. Relative lipid binding efficiencies to dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) were L9T/T20L > WT >K21A > F64A/W65A with an inverse correlation with size of the discoidal complexes formed. Physicochemical analysis (Trp fluorescence, circular dichroism, and GdnHCl denaturation) suggests that L9T/T20L forms tighter and more stable lipid complexes with phospholipids, while F64A/W65A associates less tightly. Lipid displacement properties were tested by gel-filtrating apoE:dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) discoidal complexes mixed with the various apoC-III variants. All apoC-III proteins bound to the apoE:DPPC complexes; the amount of apoE displaced from the complex was dependent on the apoC-III lipid binding affinity. All apoC-III proteins inhibited LPL in the presence or absence of apoC-II, with F64A/W65A displaying the most inhibition, suggesting that apoC-III inhibition of LPL is independent of lipid binding and therefore of apoC-II displacement. Taken together. these data suggest that the hydrophobic residues F64 and W65 are crucial for the lipid binding properties of apoC-III and that redistribution of the N-terminal helix of apoC-III (L9T/T20L) enhances the stability of the lipid-bound protein, while LPL inhibition by apoC-III is likely to be due to protein:protein interactions. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 13 (1 ULg) Placental growth hormone and IGF-I in a pregnant woman with Pit-1 deficiencyVerhaeghe, J.; Bougoussa, M.; Van Herck, E. et alin Clinical Endocrinology (2000), 53(5), 645-647The respective contributions of pituitary and placental GH to circulating IGF-I in pregnant women have not been well established. We measured the serum concentrations of placental growth hormone (PGH) and ... [more ▼]The respective contributions of pituitary and placental GH to circulating IGF-I in pregnant women have not been well established. We measured the serum concentrations of placental growth hormone (PGH) and IGF-I in a woman with pit-1 deficiency before, during and after pregnancy, resulting in the birth of a healthy child (not pit-1 deficient). Both PGH and IGF-I concentrations were below the assay detection limit before and after pregnancy. During pregnancy, PGH and IGF-I levels increased steadily; the concentrations of PGH and IGF-I in late pregnancy were comparable with levels previously measured in normal pregnancies. PGH and IGF-I concentrations were strongly correlated throughout pregnancy (r = 0.90; P = 0.002). PGH was undetectable in cord serum, whilst the IGF-I concentration was within the normal range. The findings of this case study corroborate the notion that PGH is the prime regulator of maternal serum IGF-I during pregnancy. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 25 (6 ULg) Adaptation et validation française du Sexual Irrationality Questionnaire (SIQ) de McCormick et JordanKempeneers, Philippe ; Louwette, Séverine ; Mormont, Christian et alin Revue Francophone de Clinique Comportementale et Cognitive (2000), 5(3), 5-18Mc Cormick and Jordan's Sexual Irrationality Questionnaire (SIQ), elaborated in 1986, has been adapted to the French language and tested on a sample of 165 subjects. The organisation of the sexual ... [more ▼]Mc Cormick and Jordan's Sexual Irrationality Questionnaire (SIQ), elaborated in 1986, has been adapted to the French language and tested on a sample of 165 subjects. The organisation of the sexual rationality-irrationality dimension depends on the gender of the subjects. Among female subjects, it appears mostly as a one-factor variable. Its optimal measure is supplied by the SIQ-R-F scale, a reduced version of the SIQ presenting a better internal consistency. Among male subjects, it rather appears structured in several independent factors. Factor analysis thus allows to distinguish four different patterns of sexual irrationality. Among female subjects, the decisive impact of sexual irrationality lies in an inhibition of sexual interest. Among male subjects, the sexual communication seems to be a vulnerable area of first importance. The external validity test of the SIQ is not very probant. This surely underlines a probable problem in the choice of the criteria as well as the compexity of the relationship between irrational cognitions and clinical data. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 158 (21 ULg) In vitro short-term study of ammonia-nitrogen production from cattle urine : influence of ampicillin, hydroquinone and animal litter materialsNimenya, Herman ; Delaunois, Annie ; Bloden, Serge et alin Journal of Agricultural Science (2000), 135Detailed reference viewed: 58 (21 ULg) Pour une démarche de qualité dans la formation continuée des enseignants : rôle de l'évaluationGiot, Bernadette in Point sur la Recherche en Education (Le) (2000), 21Detailed reference viewed: 21 (3 ULg) Profil et épaisseur des mots : Kamau Brathwaite RêvHaïtiPagnoulle, Christine in Palimpsestes (2000), 12The article comments on the specifities of Brathwaite's use of language and typography and on the translator's attempt at retrieving them (the translator being also the author of the article).Detailed reference viewed: 37 (3 ULg) Sibling cannibalism in dorada under experimental conditions. II. Effect of initial size heterogeneity, diet and light regime on early cannibalismBaras, E.; Maxi, M. Y.; Ndao, J. et alin Journal of Fish Biology (2000), 57Detailed reference viewed: 15 (3 ULg) Fate of the nucleolar vacuole during resumption of cell cycle in pea cotyledonary budsJennane, A.; Thiry, Marc ; Diouri, M. et alin Protoplasma (2000), 210(3-4), 172-178Meristematic cells of pea cotyledonary buds blocked in G(0-1) state contain a small nucleolus with a large central clear area surrounded by a fibrillar rim. The nucleolar structure varies according to the ... [more ▼]Meristematic cells of pea cotyledonary buds blocked in G(0-1) state contain a small nucleolus with a large central clear area surrounded by a fibrillar rim. The nucleolar structure varies according to the cell cycle from the G(0-1)-blocked state until the first mitoses occurring between 24 and 27 h after removal of the main stem. In order to better identify and understand the role of the central area in the nucleolar function, its content was investigated by cytochemical and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-immunogold methods. The central area showed the characteristics of a vacuole commonly constituted of the condensed chromatin, ribonucleoprotein granules, and lack of argyrophilic proteins. 3 h alter decapitation, a thickening of the fibrillar rim occurred, accompanied by an increase of granules in the vacuole. After 6 h, the unique vacuole broke up into two to four small vacuoles in which the granules are more abundant. After 12 h the nucleolus acquired compact structure with few minute vacuoles dispersed over the fibrillar component. During the whole cell cycle, the condensed chromatin is always observed in the vacuole. Our findings suggest that the appearance of the vacuoles is subsequent to the output of preribosomes from nucleolus. These vacuoles might play a role in condensation and decondensation of the chromatin. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 28 (1 ULg) Probing Organization and Structural Characteristics of Alkanethiols Adsorbed on Gold and of Model Alkane Compounds through their Valence Electronic Structure: an Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy StudyDuwez, Anne-Sophie ; Pfister-Guillouzo, G.; Delhalle, Joseph et alin Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2000), 104In this paper we report an ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) study of saturated alkane chains in various configurations and conformations. The dependence of the valence spectra on molecular ... [more ▼]In this paper we report an ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) study of saturated alkane chains in various configurations and conformations. The dependence of the valence spectra on molecular structure characteristics has been assessed by comparing the results obtained from n-alkanethiol, R,ö-alkanedithiol, and R-cycloalkyl-ö-alkanethiol monolayers adsorbed on gold, and from gas-phase model alkane compounds. The differences between the spectra reflect directly the structural changes induced in the electronic structure of the alkane chains. We have determined the type of folding sequences adopted in a 1,12-dodecanedithiol monolayer. Angular dependent measurements and investigations on the photoelectron attenuation length have evidenced very fine structural differences between films obtained on deposited gold films, annealed gold films, and gold single crystals [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 12 (0 ULg) Les surcoûts collectifs de la désurbanisation : quand la mobilité dessine la villeHalleux, Jean-Marie in La Cemathèque (2000), (4), 8-11Detailed reference viewed: 19 (5 ULg) Significance of random illite-vermiculite mixed layers in Pleistocene sediments of the northwestern Atlantic OceanVanderaveroet, P.; Bout-Roumazeilles, V.; Fagel, Nathalie et alin Clay Minerals (2000), 35(4), 679-691The clay mineralogy of Pleistocene sediments of eleven sediment cores at three ODP sites from 30 degrees N to 60 degrees N northwestern Atlantic Ocean has been investigated. The sediments are ... [more ▼]The clay mineralogy of Pleistocene sediments of eleven sediment cores at three ODP sites from 30 degrees N to 60 degrees N northwestern Atlantic Ocean has been investigated. The sediments are characterized by the presence of random illite-vermiculite mixed layers (I-V) (up to 32% of the clay mineral assemblage). The I-V clays are much more abundant during interglacial periods than during glacial ones. They are attributed to detrital supply through erosion of high-latitude continental areas from which they are derived mainly from chemical weathering of micaceous phyllosilicates. Their spatial distribution and the specific conditions for their formation through weathering suggest that I-V mixed layers are mainly derived from the Canadian Shield. They were transported From their source to marine deposition areas by rivers, deep water masses or nepheloid layers. Due to the specific conditions required For the Formation of I-V, its occurrence and abundance are used as a palaeoclimate and palaeocirculation proxy for northwestern Atlantic Pleistocene sediment. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 31 (0 ULg) Donor lymphocyte infusion to eradicate recurrent host hematopoiesis after allogeneic BMT for sickle cell disease.Baron, Frédéric ; Dresse, Marie-Françoise ; Beguin, Yves in Transfusion (2000), 40(9), 1071-3BACKGROUND: Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is currently standard therapy for relapse of malignancies after allogeneic BMT. Several observations suggest that both normal and leukemic progenitor cells of ... [more ▼]BACKGROUND: Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is currently standard therapy for relapse of malignancies after allogeneic BMT. Several observations suggest that both normal and leukemic progenitor cells of host origin constitute effective target cells for donor-derived lymphocytes. To prevent relapse of sickle cell disease (SCD), a child with evidence of decreasing mixed chimerism received DLIs 8 months after allogeneic BMT for SCD. CASE REPORT: A 4-year-old child who was homozygous for SCD underwent a transplantation of bone marrow from his fully HLA-matched sister. Routine detection of sex chromosomes in bone marrow cells evidenced decreasing mixed chimerism, which heralded a probably imminent recurrence of the disease. The patient received two DLIs in graded incremental doses on Days 234 and 267. One month later, he developed grade 2 acute GVHD that responded well to corticosteroids and cyclosporine. RESULTS: DLI resulted in complete donor chimerism within 2 months of the second infusion. Now, 2 years after the second DLI, the patient is in excellent condition, with normal Hb and excellent growth and development. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of successful use of DLI in a patient with probable imminent SCD recurrence after allogeneic BMT. It shows that DLI can displace residual host HPCs in case of recurrence of nonmalignant disease after allogeneic BMT. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 29 (3 ULg) Eosinophilic Bronchopneumopathy in DogsClercx, Cécile ; Peeters, Dominique ; Snaps, Frédéric et alin Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (2000), 14(3, May-Jun), 282-91Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy was diagnosed in 23 young dogs. Clinical signs included cough, gagging, and retching in all dogs, dyspnea in 21 dogs (91%), and nasal discharge in 12 dogs (52%). The most ... [more ▼]Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy was diagnosed in 23 young dogs. Clinical signs included cough, gagging, and retching in all dogs, dyspnea in 21 dogs (91%), and nasal discharge in 12 dogs (52%). The most common radiographic findings were a moderate to severe bronchointerstitial pattern (68%, 13 of 19 dogs). Bronchoscopic findings included the presence of abundant yellow-green mucus or mucopurulent material (70%, 16 of 23 dogs) and severe mucosal thickening with an irregular or polypoid appearance (52%, 12 of 23 dogs), with partial airway closure during expiration in 3 dogs (13%). Peripheral blood eosinophilia was noted in 14 of 23 dogs (61%). Inflammatory cells in brush or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytologic preparations comprised more than 50% eosinophils in 14 of 23 dogs (61%), and 20-50% eosinophils in 6 dogs (26%). Eosinophilic infiltration of the bronchial mucosa was observed in biopsies from 19 dogs and was graded as mild (37%, 7 dogs), moderate (32%, 6 dogs), or severe (32%, 6 dogs). The mean serum immunoglobulin A concentration was almost double that of a population of 20 healthy dogs of various breeds. Oral glucocorticoids were administered on alternate days with progressive tapering of the dose; the dosage at maintenance varied between 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg every other day. No relationship was found between the duration of clinical signs and the maintenance dosage or the cytologic and histopathologic grades. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 40 (3 ULg) Core-polarization effects in the Cadmium Isoelectronic SequenceBiémont, Emile ; Froese Fischer, C.; Godefroid, M. R. et alin Physical Review. A (2000), 62Detailed reference viewed: 9 (2 ULg) La mortalité embryonnaire dans l’espèce bovine. Aspects cliniques, étiologiques, pathogéniques et thérapeutiquesHanzen, Christian ; Lourtie, Olivier; Drion, Pierre in Vet. Repro. (2000), 1Detailed reference viewed: 189 (8 ULg) Reactions involving inorganic compoundsKrief, A.; Delmotte, C.; Colaux, Catherine in Pure & Applied Chemistry (2000), 72(9), 1709-1713Selenium chemistry became, over the last 30 years, particularly useful for synthetic organic chemistry [1]. Inorganic as well as organic selenium compounds allow transformation which otherwise cannot be ... [more ▼]Selenium chemistry became, over the last 30 years, particularly useful for synthetic organic chemistry [1]. Inorganic as well as organic selenium compounds allow transformation which otherwise cannot be done or require much more drastic conditions to proceed. We have over the last 25 years explored the reactivity of elemental selenium as well as its inorganic and organic derivatives. We report here our recent finding concerning (i) organic diselenols and -diselenolates and (ii) the role of selenoxides in the enantioselective dihydroxylation of C,C double bonds using catalytic amounts of osmium tetroxide. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 16 (1 ULg)