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 References of "Article"      in Complete repository Arts & humanities   Archaeology   Art & art history   Classical & oriental studies   History   Languages & linguistics   Literature   Performing arts   Philosophy & ethics   Religion & theology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Business & economic sciences   Accounting & auditing   Production, distribution & supply chain management   Finance   General management & organizational theory   Human resources management   Management information systems   Marketing   Strategy & innovation   Quantitative methods in economics & management   General economics & history of economic thought   International economics   Macroeconomics & monetary economics   Microeconomics   Economic systems & public economics   Social economics   Special economic topics (health, labor, transportation…)   Multidisciplinary, general & others Engineering, computing & technology   Aerospace & aeronautics engineering   Architecture   Chemical engineering   Civil engineering   Computer science   Electrical & electronics engineering   Energy   Geological, petroleum & mining engineering   Materials science & engineering   Mechanical engineering   Multidisciplinary, general & others Human health sciences   Alternative medicine   Anesthesia & intensive care   Cardiovascular & respiratory systems   Dentistry & oral medicine   Dermatology   Endocrinology, metabolism & nutrition   Forensic medicine   Gastroenterology & hepatology   General & internal medicine   Geriatrics   Hematology   Immunology & infectious disease   Laboratory medicine & medical technology   Neurology   Oncology   Ophthalmology   Orthopedics, rehabilitation & sports medicine   Otolaryngology   Pediatrics   Pharmacy, pharmacology & toxicology   Psychiatry   Public health, health care sciences & services   Radiology, nuclear medicine & imaging   Reproductive medicine (gynecology, andrology, obstetrics)   Rheumatology   Surgery   Urology & nephrology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Law, criminology & political science   Civil law   Criminal law & procedure   Criminology   Economic & commercial law   European & international law   Judicial law   Metalaw, Roman law, history of law & comparative law   Political science, public administration & international relations   Public law   Social law   Tax law   Multidisciplinary, general & others Life sciences   Agriculture & agronomy   Anatomy (cytology, histology, embryology...) & physiology   Animal production & animal husbandry   Aquatic sciences & oceanology   Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology   Biotechnology   Entomology & pest control   Environmental sciences & ecology   Food science   Genetics & genetic processes   Microbiology   Phytobiology (plant sciences, forestry, mycology...)   Veterinary medicine & animal health   Zoology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences   Chemistry   Earth sciences & physical geography   Mathematics   Physics   Space science, astronomy & astrophysics   Multidisciplinary, general & others Social & behavioral sciences, psychology   Animal psychology, ethology & psychobiology   Anthropology   Communication & mass media   Education & instruction   Human geography & demography   Library & information sciences   Neurosciences & behavior   Regional & inter-regional studies   Social work & social policy   Sociology & social sciences   Social, industrial & organizational psychology   Theoretical & cognitive psychology   Treatment & clinical psychology   Multidisciplinary, general & others     Showing results 301 to 400 of 53974     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9     Induced Drag Calculations with the Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method for Cambered WingsLambert, Thomas ; Dimitriadis, Grigorios in AIAA Journal (2017), 55(2), 668-672The Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM) is an approach widely used to estimate the aerodynamic loads in unsteady subsonic flows. It is based on modeling the camber surface of a lifting body by means of ... [more ▼]The Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM) is an approach widely used to estimate the aerodynamic loads in unsteady subsonic flows. It is based on modeling the camber surface of a lifting body by means of bound vortex rings. Even though this method has been known and used for several decades, there is little discussion of the modeling of the leading-edge suction in the literature. To address this concern, Simpson et al. [1] presented a comparison of two different ways to model this effect for the case of uncambered airfoils and wings in harmonic pitch or plunge motions. They concluded that the Joukowski method converges significantly faster than the Katz technique as the number of chorwise panels is increased. The present paper is an extension of the study by Simpson et al. to cambered lifting surfaces. It shows that the presence of camber can change radically the convergence performance of the two methods. For cambered wings, the Katz approach converges significantly faster than the Joukowski technique. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 54 (28 ULg) Electro dynamic fragmentation of printed wiring boards as a preparation tool for their recyclingMartino, Rémi; Iseli, Cedric; Gaydardzhiev, Stoyan et alin Minerals Engineering (2017)The use of Electro Dynamic Fragmentation (EDF) enables selective fragmentation of materials through generating electrical discharges as a means of fracturing. Liberated materials can be thus processed ... [more ▼]The use of Electro Dynamic Fragmentation (EDF) enables selective fragmentation of materials through generating electrical discharges as a means of fracturing. Liberated materials can be thus processed downstream in a more efficient way especially when value-added End-of-Life (EoL) electronic equipment is recycled. The aim of this study was to assess the benefits of the EDF technology towards processing of EoL printed wiring boards (PWBs) in view their recyclability. Printed wiring boards were comminuted using EDF at three different settings and with a hammer mill for comparative experiment. The products coming out were characterized by optical microscopy, SEM and liberation oriented leaching. Subsamples from the various EDF stages were inspected to investigate the progress of cracks and degree of copper layers exposure. The different energy levels used during the EDF processing have resulted in different degrees of PWBs damages, starting from components removal to entire structure perturbation and size reduction. EDF has resulted in generation of a lesser amount of fines, however the optimal approach in view energy efficient post-processing of the studied PWBs was the combination between single-stage EDF for components removal only with subsequent shredding of the depopulated boards. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 29 (5 ULg) The Martian diffuse aurora: a model of ultraviolet and visible emissionsGérard, Jean-Claude ; Soret, Lauriane ; Shematovich, V.I. et alin Icarus (2017), 288A new type of Martian aurora, characterized by an extended spatial distribution, an altitude lower than the discrete aurora and electron precipitation up to 200 keV has been observed following solar ... [more ▼]A new type of Martian aurora, characterized by an extended spatial distribution, an altitude lower than the discrete aurora and electron precipitation up to 200 keV has been observed following solar activity on several occasions from the MAVEN spacecraft. We describe the results of Monte Carlo simulations of the production of several ultraviolet and violet auroral emissions for initial electron energies extending from 0.25 to 200 keV. These include the CO2+ ultraviolet doublet (UVD) at 288.3 and 289.6 nm and the Fox–Duffendack–Barker (FDB) bands, CO Cameron and Fourth Positive bands, OI 130.4 and 297.2 nm and CI 156.1 nm and 165.7 nm multiplets. We calculate the nadir and limb production rates of several of these emissions for a unit precipitated energy flux. Our results indicate that electrons in the range 50-200 keV produce maximum CO2+ UVD emission below 75 km, in agreement with the MAVEN observations. We calculate the efficiency of photon production per unit precipitated electron power. The strongest emissions are the CO2+ FDB, UVD and CO Cameron bands and the oxygen mission at 297.2 nm. The metastable a 3Π state which radiates the Cameron bands is deactivated by collisions below about 110 km. As a consequence, we show that the Cameron band emission is expected to peak at a higher altitude than the CO2+ UVD and FDB bands. Collisional quenching also causes the intensity ratio of the CO2+ UVD to CO Cameron bands to increase below ∼100 km in the energetic diffuse aurora. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 13 (1 ULg) Measurement of pleural pressure swings with a fluid-filled esophageal catheter vs pulmonary artery occlusion pressureVERSCHEURE, Sara ; MASSION, Paul ; GOTTFRIED, S et alin Journal of Critical Care (2017), 37Detailed reference viewed: 14 (1 ULg) L'énonciation d'une synthèseBadir, Sémir in Nouveaux Actes Sémiotiques (2017)Detailed reference viewed: 14 (0 ULg) Enonciation et modes d'existenceDondero, Maria Giulia in Nouveaux Actes Sémiotiques (2017), 120Cet article aborde les relations entre sémiotique et philosophie latourienne à partir de la théorie de l’énonciation, cette dernière se situant tant aux fondements du projet disciplinaire de la sémiotique ... [more ▼]Cet article aborde les relations entre sémiotique et philosophie latourienne à partir de la théorie de l’énonciation, cette dernière se situant tant aux fondements du projet disciplinaire de la sémiotique francophone contemporaine qu’à la base de la réflexion de Bruno Latour, des années 1970 jusqu’à présent . Notre propos se déploie en deux moments : dans un premier temps, nous revenons sur l’article "Petite Philosophie de l’énonciation" (1998), et nous en suivons le développement dans l’Enquête sur les modes d’existence (2012). Dans un second temps, nous réalisons une rapide archéologie de la théorie de l’énonciation dans la sémiotique contemporaine, afin de mettre en lumière les liens entre différentes traditions sémiotiques et la théorie latourienne. Plus précisément, nous nous attachons aux propositions récentes de Jacques Fontanille et de Claudio Paolucci, en prenant également en considération les contributions d’Umberto Eco et Patrizia Violi. Il s’agit de voir comment les sémioticiens peuvent tirer profit de la théorie latourienne des modes d’existence et vice versa. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 54 (4 ULg) Preliminary evaluation of the effects of photobiomodulation therapy and physical rehabilitation on early postoperative recovery of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy for treatment of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk diseaseBennaim, Michael; Porato, Mathilde ; Jarleton, Astrid et alin American Journal of Veterinary Research (2017), 78Detailed reference viewed: 35 (3 ULg) Reconstructing the Holocene depositional environments along the northern coast of Sfax (Tunisia): Mineralogical and sedimentological approachesLamourou, Ali ; Touir, Jamel; Fagel, Nathalie in Journal of African Earth Sciences (2017), 129CA sedimentological and mineralogical study of sedimentary cores allows reconstructing the evolution of depositional environments along the Northern coast of Sfax (Tunisia). The aim is identifying the ... [more ▼]A sedimentological and mineralogical study of sedimentary cores allows reconstructing the evolution of depositional environments along the Northern coast of Sfax (Tunisia). The aim is identifying the factors controlling the sedimentation from the Holocene to the Present. Three 30-m sediment cores collected by drilling at 30 meter water depth were analyzed for their color, magnetic susceptibility signal, grain size by laser diffraction, organic matter content by loss of ignition, carbonate content by calcimetry and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction on bulk powder and clay < 2 m. The three cores broadly present the same sedimentological and mineralogical features. Microscopical observations of petrographic slides allow to identifying six main sedimentary facies. Bulk mineralogical assemblages comprise clay minerals, quartz, calcite, gypsum and K-feldspars. The main change concerns the carbonate content that mimics the bioclaste abundance and dilute the detrital minerals (clay minerals, quartz and feldspars). The gypsum mainly occurs in the lower sedimentary columns (SC12 and SC9) and in the upper/middle of core SC6. The clay fraction is made of a mixture of kaolinite, illite, smectite and palygorskite with no clear variation through core depth. Both grain-size parameters and magnetic susceptibility profile indicates a sharp transition in the upper 2 to 5 m of the sedimentological columns. Coarse, sandy to gravely, sediments characterized by a low magnetic susceptibility signal are replaced by fine bioclastic-rich clayey sediments. The analysis of vertical succession of depositional facies showed a fluvial depositional environment (coastal plain) basically marked by fluvial channels and inundation plains at the bottom of all cores. Core-top sediments, however, record a littoral marine environment characterized by sand depositions rich in gastropods, lamellibranches and algæ. Depositional facies, sedimentological and mineralogical parameters are consistent with a transition from a continental, fluviatile, depositional environment, with some emersion phases marked by the gypsum precipitation to a marine littoral environment. Such evolution is consistent with a relative sea-level rise which flooded the fluvial system at the coastal plain during the Holocene, in agreement with sea-level fluctuations in southeast Tunisia during the Holocene. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 35 (6 ULg) Cyanobacterial Contribution to Travertine Deposition in the Hoyoux River System, BelgiumKleinteich, Julia; Golubic, Stjepko; Pessi, Igor S. et alin Microbial Ecology (2017)Travertine deposition is a landscape-forming process, usually building a series of calcareous barriers differentiating the river flow into a series of cascades and ponds. The process of carbonate ... [more ▼]Travertine deposition is a landscape-forming process, usually building a series of calcareous barriers differentiating the river flow into a series of cascades and ponds. The process of carbonate precipitation is a complex relationship between biogenic and abiotic causative agents, involving adapted microbial assemblages but also requiring high levels of carbonate saturation, spontaneous degassing of carbon dioxide and slightly alkaline pH. We have analysed calcareous crusts and water chemistry from four sampling sites along the Hoyoux River and its Triffoy tributary (Belgium) in winter, spring, summer and autumn 2014. Different surface textures of travertine deposits correlated with particular microenvironments and were influenced by the local water flow. In all microenvironments, we have identified the cyanobacterium Phormidium incrustatum (Nägeli) Gomont as the organism primarily responsible for carbonate precipitation and travertine fabric by combining morphological analysis with molecular sequencing (16S rRNA gene and ITS, the Internal Transcribed Spacer fragments), targeting both field populations and cultures to exclude opportunistic microorganisms responding favourably to culture conditions. Several closely related cyanobacterial strains were cultured; however, only one proved identical with the sequences obtained from the field population by direct PCR. This strain was the dominant primary producer in the calcareous deposits under study and in similar streams in Europe. The dominance of one organism that had a demonstrated association with carbonate precipitation presented a valuable opportunity to study its function in construction, preservation and fossilisation potential of ambient temperature travertine deposits. These relationships were examined using scanning electron microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 20 (3 ULg) Interactions between groundwater and the cavity of an old slate mine used as lower reservoir of an UPSH (Underground Pumped Storage Hydroelectricity): A modelling approachBodeux, Sarah ; Pujades, Estanislao ; Orban, Philippe et alin Engineering Geology (2017), 217In the actual evolving energy context, characterized by an increasing part of intermittent renewable sources, the development of energy storage technologies are required, such as pumped storage ... [more ▼]In the actual evolving energy context, characterized by an increasing part of intermittent renewable sources, the development of energy storage technologies are required, such as pumped storage hydroelectricity (PSH). While new sites for conventional PSH plants are getting scarce, it is proposed to use abandoned underground mines as lower reservoirs for Underground Pumped Storage Hydroelectricity (UPSH). However, the hydrogeological consequences produced by the cyclic solicitations (continuous pumpings and injections) have been poorly investigated. Therefore, in this work, groundwater interactions with the cyclically fill and empty cavity were numerically studied considering a simplified description of a slate mine. Two pumping/injection scenarios were considered, both for a reference slate rock case and for a sensitivity analysis of variations of aquifer hydraulic conductivity value. Groundwater impacts were assessed in terms of oscillations of piezometric heads and mean drawdown around the cavity. The value of the hydraulic conductivity clearly influences the magnitude of the aquifer response. Studying interactions with the cavity highlighted that seepage into the cavity occurs over time. The volume of seeped water varies depending on the hydraulic conductivity and it could become non-negligible in the UPSH operations. These preliminary results allow finally considering first geological feasibility aspects, which could vary conversely according to the hydraulic conductivity value and to the considered groundwater impacts. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 15 (1 ULg) Beech wood Fagus sylvatica dilute-acid hydrolysate as a feedstock to support Chlorella sorokiniana biomass, fatty acid and pigment productionMiazek, Krystian ; Remacle, Claire ; Richel, Aurore et alin Bioresource Technology (2017), 230(April 2017), 122131This work evaluates the possibility of using beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) dilute-acid (H2SO4) hydrolysate as a feedstock for Chlorella sorokiniana growth, fatty acid and pigment production. Neutralized ... [more ▼]This work evaluates the possibility of using beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) dilute-acid (H2SO4) hydrolysate as a feedstock for Chlorella sorokiniana growth, fatty acid and pigment production. Neutralized wood acid hydrolysate, containing organic and mineral compounds, was tested on Chlorella growth at different concentrations and compared to growth under phototrophic conditions. Chlorella growth was improved at lower loadings and inhibited at higher loadings. Based on these results, a 12% neutralized wood acid hydrolysate (Hyd12%) loading was selected to investigate its impact on Chlorella growth, fatty acid and pigment production. Hyd12% improved microalgal biomass, fatty acid and pigment productivities both in light and in dark, when compared to photoautotrophic control. Light intensity had substantial influence on fatty acid and pigment composition in Chlorella culture during Hyd12%-based growth. Moreover, heterotrophic Chlorella cultivation with Hyd12% also showed that wood hydrolysate can constitute an attractive feedstock for microalgae cultivation in case of lack of light. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 15 (7 ULg) Photocleavable stabilizer for the preparation of PHEMA nanogels by dispersion polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxideAlaimo, David; Grignard, Bruno ; Kuppan, Chandrasekar et alin Polymer Chemistry (2017), 8(3), 581-591A new photo-sensitive diblock copolymer composed of a hydrophilic sequence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) linked to a CO2-philic sequence of poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate) (PFDA) by a ... [more ▼]A new photo-sensitive diblock copolymer composed of a hydrophilic sequence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) linked to a CO2-philic sequence of poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate) (PFDA) by a light sensitive o- nitrobenzyl group was successfully synthesized by RAFT polymerization and used as stabilizer for the free radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in dispersion in ?,?,?-trifluorotoluene and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). Thanks to this fluorinated stabilizer, well-defined particles of PHEMA down to 350 nm of diameter were produced in scCO2. Advantageously, the photocleavable group at the block junction of the stabilizer could be cleaved by exposing the particles to UV light so that the fluorinated block could be extracted in TFT or scCO2. As supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, up to 80 % of the fluorinated block of the stabilizer can be removed, leading to efficient swelling and dispersion of the resulting PHEMA nanogels in water. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 35 (10 ULg) Comparison of Various Indices of Energy Metabolism in Recumbent and Healthy Dairy CowsGuyot, Hugues ; Detilleux, Johann ; Lebreton, Pascal et alin PLoS ONE (2017), 12(1), 1-11BACKGROUND: Downer cow syndrome (DCS) is often diagnosed in dairy cattle during the early post-partum period. The etiology of this condition is not completely understood, as it can be related to the ... [more ▼]BACKGROUND: Downer cow syndrome (DCS) is often diagnosed in dairy cattle during the early post-partum period. The etiology of this condition is not completely understood, as it can be related to the energetic or electrolyte metabolism, as well as to infectious diseases or to trauma. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to compare energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity indices and various biochemical parameters between recumbent and healthy dairy cows. ANIMALS: A prospective study has been undertaken on 361 recumbent and 80 healthy Holstein cows. METHODS: Plasmatic glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were assayed in all cows in order to calculate the insulin sensitivity indices but also minerals (Calcium, Phosphorous and Magnesium), thyroxin and creatine kinase. Body Condition Scores (BCS) was assessed. RESULTS: Significant differences in NEFA, and the glucose and insulin sensitivity indices ("Homeostasis Model Assessment" HOMA, "Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index" RQUICKI, RQUICKI-BHB) were observed between healthy and recumbent cows in the early post-parturient period indicating disturbances of glucose and insulin homeostasis in the recumbent cows. In the same manner, mineral concentrations were significantly different between healthy and recumbent cows. Glucose, insulin NEFA, and HOMA, were different between early post-partum downer cows and the DCS-affected cows later in lactation. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Results indicate disturbances in energy homeostasis in DCS-affected dairy cows. Further research should determine a prognostic value of the indices in cows suffering from recumbency of metabolic origin [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 19 (2 ULg) Present-day central African forest is a legacy of the 19th century human historyMorin, Julie ; Fayolle, Adeline ; Favier, Charly et alin eLife (2017)The populations of light-demanding trees that dominate the canopy of central African forests are now aging. Here, we show that the lack of regeneration of these populations began ca. 165 ya (around 1850 ... [more ▼]The populations of light-demanding trees that dominate the canopy of central African forests are now aging. Here, we show that the lack of regeneration of these populations began ca. 165 ya (around 1850) after major anthropogenic disturbances ceased. Since 1885, less itinerancy and disturbance in the forest has occurred because the colonial administrations concentrated people and villages along the primary communication axes. Local populations formerly gardened the forest by creating scattered openings, which were sufficiently large for the establishment of light-demanding trees. Currently, common logging operations do not create suitable openings for the regeneration of these species, whereas deforestation degrades landscapes. Using an interdisciplinary approach, which included paleoecological, archaeological, historical, and dendrological data, we highlight the long-term history of human activities across central African forests and assess the contribution of these activities to present-day forest structure and composition. The conclusions of this sobering analysis present challenges to current silvicultural practices and to those of the future. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 26 (6 ULg) Cryopreservation of chicken primordial germ cells by vitrification and slow-freezing: a comparative studyTonus, Céline ; Connan, Delphine ; Waroux, Olivier et alin Theriogenology (2017), 88In the present study, we compare a classical slow freezing method and an aseptic vitrification technique to cryopreserve a stable Primordial Gem Cells (PGCs) line issued from the Ardennaise chicken breed ... [more ▼]In the present study, we compare a classical slow freezing method and an aseptic vitrification technique to cryopreserve a stable Primordial Gem Cells (PGCs) line issued from the Ardennaise chicken breed. Viability immediately after warming was close to 80% and did not differ between the two cryopreservation methods. Proliferation tended to be slower for both cryopreservation methods compared to controls, but the difference was significant only for vitrification. No difference was found between the two methods after flow cytometry analysis of SSEA-1 expression and RT-PCR on several factors related to PGCs phenotype. After one week in culture, all cryopreserved cells reached controls main morphological and expanding (viability/proliferation) features. However, slow freezing generated more unwanted cells clusters than vitrification. After injection of the PGCs into recipient embryos, vitrified PGCs showed a clear, yet not significant, tendency to colonize the gonad at a higher rate than slow frozen PGCs. Slow freezing in cryovials remains simple, inexpensive and less technically demanding than vitrification. Nevertheless, the intrinsic advantages of our aseptic vitrification method and the present study suggest that this should be considered as safer than classical slow freezing for cryopreserving chicken PGCs. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 44 (20 ULg) Study on reproductive performance of Holstein x Lai Sind crossbred heifers and cows at smallholdings in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Nguyen-Kien, Cuong; Nguyen, Van Khanh; Hanzen, Christian in Tropical Animal Health and Production (2017), 49The reproductive performance of Holstein x Lai Sind crossbred dairy heifers and cows was evaluated at small-holdings in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The data of 232 heifers and 244 cows (261 lactations) from ... [more ▼]The reproductive performance of Holstein x Lai Sind crossbred dairy heifers and cows was evaluated at small-holdings in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The data of 232 heifers and 244 cows (261 lactations) from 35 small dairy farms was collected over a 2-year period, from 2013 to 2014. The overall mean for age at first service (AFS), days between first and last service (DFLS), and age at conception (AC) of heifers was 479 (±80), 38 (±80), and 517 (±114) days, respectively. Average number of services per conception (NSC), conception rate (CR), and conception rate at first ser-vice (CRFS) was 1.8 (±1.4), 55, and 58%, respectively. The overall mean for the waiting period (WP), DFLS, and days open (DO) of cows was 109 (±52), 133 (±114), and 242 (±129) days, respectively. The mean for NSC, CR, and CRFS was 4.3 (±2.7), 23, and 14%, respectively. A very sig- nificant decrease in AFS and AC according to the year of birth, and a significant increase in AFS according to body weight at first insemination (>320 kg) were observed. The CRFS of heifers inseminated in 2013 was significantly higher than in 2014. Monthly mean CR in heifers and cows was negatively correlated with THI. The WP, DFLS, DO, and NSC of cows significantly decreased according to the year of calving. Cows that calved in rainy season had a significant-ly longer WP than in dry season. The occurrence of postpar-tum (PP) diseases was accompanied by an increase in WP, DO, and NSC. A decrease in body condition score (BCS) between calving and 60th day (C60) and also between 60th and 120th day of lactation resulted in a significant increase in WP and DO. A decrease in BCS between C60 was also ac-companied by a considerable reduction in CRFS of cows. Season and BCS at insemination had a significant effect on NSC and CR of cows. Reproductive performance was satis-factory for heifers, but poor for cows. Losses of BCS during the first months of lactation and at insemination were the major risk factors for this poor performance. Moreover, the season had a more negative effect on fertility in cows than in heifers. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 13 (2 ULg) Microbiological load of edible insects found in BelgiumCaparros Megido, Rudy ; Desmedt, Sandrine; Blecker, Christophe et alin Insects (2017)Edible insects are gaining more and more attention as a sustainable source of animal protein for food and feed in the future. In Belgium, some insect products can be found on the market, and consumers are ... [more ▼]Edible insects are gaining more and more attention as a sustainable source of animal protein for food and feed in the future. In Belgium, some insect products can be found on the market, and consumers are sourcing fresh insects from fishing stores or towards traditional markets to find exotic insects that are illegal and not sanitarily controlled. From this perspective, this study aims to characterize the microbial load of edible insects found in Belgium (i.e., fresh mealworms and house crickets from European farms and smoked termites and caterpillars from a traditional Congolese market) and to evaluate the efficiency of different processing methods (blanching for all species and freeze-drying and sterilization for European species) in reducing microorganism counts. All untreated insect samples had a total aerobic count higher than the limit for fresh minced meat (6.7 log cfu/g). Nevertheless, a species-dependent blanching step has led to a reduction of the total aerobic count under this limit, except for one caterpillar species. Freeze-drying and sterilization treatments on European species were also effective in reducing the total aerobic count. Yeast and mold counts for untreated insects were above the Good Manufacturing Practice limits for raw meat, but all treatments attained a reduction of these microorganisms under this limit. These results confirmed that fresh insects, but also smoked insects from non-European trades, need a cooking step (at least composed of a first blanching step) before consumption. Therefore, blanching timing for each studied insect species is proposed and discussed. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 22 (9 ULg) Atypical composition and structure of the mitochondrial dimeric ATP synthase from Euglena gracilisYadav, K.N. Sathish; Miranda Astudillo, Héctor Vicente ; Colina-Tenorio, Lili et alin Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Bioenergetics (2017), 1858(4), 267-275Mitochondrial respiratory-chain complexes from Euglenozoa comprise classical subunits described in other eukaryotes (i.e. mammals and fungi) and subunits that are restricted to Euglenozoa (e.g. Euglena ... [more ▼]Mitochondrial respiratory-chain complexes from Euglenozoa comprise classical subunits described in other eukaryotes (i.e. mammals and fungi) and subunits that are restricted to Euglenozoa (e.g. Euglena gracilis and Trypanosoma brucei). Here we studied the mitochondrial F1FO-ATP synthase (or Complex V) from the photosynthetic eukaryote E. gracilis in detail. The enzyme was purified by a two-step chromatographic procedure and its subunit composition was resolved by a three-dimensional gel electrophoresis (BN/SDS/SDS). Twenty-two different subunits were identified by mass-spectrometry analyses among which the canonical alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon and OSCP subunits, and at least seven subunits previously found in Trypanosoma. The ADP/ATP carrier was also associated to the ATP synthase into a dimeric ATP synthasome. Single-particle analysis by transmission electron microscopy of the dimeric ATP synthase indicated that the structures of both the catalytic and central rotor parts are conserved while other structural features are original. These new features include a large membrane-spanning region joining the monomers, an external peripheral stalk and a structure that goes through the membrane and reaches the inter membrane space below the c-ring, the latter having not been reported for any mitochondrial F-ATPase. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 21 (9 ULg) What is the use of shaping a tang? Tool use and hafting of tanged tools in the Aterian of Northern AfricaTomasso, Sonja ; Rots, Veerle in Archaeological and Anthropological sciences (2017)We present the results of detailed microscopic examination of tanged tools from the site of Ifri n'Ammar. The rock shelter has a particularly rich and well-preserved stratigraphy that has yielded a large ... [more ▼]We present the results of detailed microscopic examination of tanged tools from the site of Ifri n'Ammar. The rock shelter has a particularly rich and well-preserved stratigraphy that has yielded a large variety of tanged tools, thus offering a possibility to test hypotheses on the possible links between tangs and hafting. Earlier methodological work has demonstrated that patterned wear forms on the non-active part of the tool as the result of hafted tool use, and that the characteristics of the wear traces depend on the exact hafting arrangement used. In the present study, wear analyses were combined with further experiments that involved the hafting of tanged tools with various materials and arrangements and aimed at understanding the development of this important morphological innovation. We suggest that functional data are needed to understand the relevance of the "Aterian tang" for hafting (or use), and whether this innovation was triggered by functional, cultural or environmental factors. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 20 (2 ULg) Coronary microvascular reserve and outcome in aortic stenosis: Pathophysiological significance vs. clinical relevance.Lancellotti, Patrizio ; Nchimi Longang, Alain in European Heart Journal (2017)Detailed reference viewed: 22 (1 ULg) Prevalence, location and concurrent diseases of ultrasonographic cyst-like lesions of abdominal lymph nodes in dogs.Liotta, Annalisa Pia; Billen, Frédéric ; Heimann, Marianne et alin The Veterinary record (2017)Lymph nodal cyst-like lesions are occasionally identified during abdominal ultrasound in dogs. However, a study evaluating their prevalence and clinical significance is lacking. The aim of this ... [more ▼]Lymph nodal cyst-like lesions are occasionally identified during abdominal ultrasound in dogs. However, a study evaluating their prevalence and clinical significance is lacking. The aim of this observational cross-sectional study was to evaluate prevalence, most common location and concurrent diseases of cyst-like lymph nodes detected during abdominal ultrasound. Affected lymph nodes, patient signalment and concurrent diseases of dogs with cyst-like lymph nodal lesions having undergone abdominal ultrasound over a one-year period were recorded. Twenty-three affected lymph nodes were observed in 17/553 dogs (prevalence=3 per cent). The most commonly affected was the lumbar lymphocenter (7/23), followed by the coeliac (6/23), the cranial mesenteric (5/23) and the iliosacral (5/23). Twenty-three concurrent diseases were diagnosed in 17 dogs, among which 16/23 were non-neoplastic (70 per cent). The most common concurrent disease was renal insufficiency (8/23), followed by neoplasia (7/23), gastroenteropathy (3/23), benign prostatic disease (2/23), pancreatitis (1/23), peritonitis (1/23) and neurological disease (1/23). No statistical correlation existed between cyst-like lymph nodal lesion and a specific neoplastic or non-neoplastic disease. In conclusion, in the present study, cyst-like lymph nodal lesions have a low prevalence, involve different lymphocenters and were found in dogs affected by different diseases, including both non-neoplastic and neoplastic aetiologies. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 16 (0 ULg) Fermi-LAT kills dark matter interpretations of AMS-02 data. Or not?Belotsky, Konstantin; Budaev, Ruslan; Kirillov, Alexander et alin Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (2017)A number of papers attempt to explain the positron anomaly in cosmic rays, observed by PAMELA and AMS-02, in terms of dark matter (DM) decays or annihilations. However, the recent progress in cosmic gamma ... [more ▼]A number of papers attempt to explain the positron anomaly in cosmic rays, observed by PAMELA and AMS-02, in terms of dark matter (DM) decays or annihilations. However, the recent progress in cosmic gamma-ray studies challenges these attempts. Indeed, as we show, any rational DM model explaining the positron anomaly abundantly produces final state radiation and Inverse Compton gamma rays, which inevitably leads to a contradiction with Fermi-LAT isotropic diffuse gamma-ray background measurements. Furthermore, the Fermi-LAT observation of Milky Way dwarf satellites, supposed to be rich in DM, revealed no significant signal in gamma rays. We propose a generic approach in which the major contribution to cosmic rays comes from the dark matter disc and prove that the tension between the DM origin of the positron anomaly and the cosmic gamma-ray observations can be relieved. We consider both a simple model, in which DM decay/annihilate into charged leptons, and a model-independent minimal case of particle production, and we estimate the optimal thickness of DM disk. Possible mechanisms of formation and its properties are briefly discussed. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 11 (1 ULg) Simultaneous anionic ring-opening and condensation reactions for the synthesis of aliphatic–N-alkyl aromatic copolyamidesBakkali-Hassani, Camille; Tunc, Deniz; Roos, Kevin et alin Macromolecules (2017), 50(1), 175-181The copolymerization of ε-caprolactam with ethyl 4-(butylamino)benzoate was shown to occur in the presence of sodium salts and an acyllactam as activator in a one-step bulk reaction. The mechanism is ... [more ▼]The copolymerization of ε-caprolactam with ethyl 4-(butylamino)benzoate was shown to occur in the presence of sodium salts and an acyllactam as activator in a one-step bulk reaction. The mechanism is based on the deprotonation of the two monomers yielding activated species able to attack an acyllactam or an ester group at the polymer chain ends. Novel copolyamides with different percentages of aromatic/aliphatic units were synthesized in a one-step bulk copolymerization within a few minutes at 140 °C and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and thermal analysis (DSC). This methodology, combining simultaneous anionic ring-opening and condensation reactions, affords a new synthetic pathway to introduce an aromatic unit in an aliphatic polyamide backbone, and more specifically a polyamide 6 containing about 20 mol % of N-alkyl aromatic amides was prepared. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 20 (10 ULg) Re-emergence of the Schmallenberg virus associated triad hydranencephaly-micromyelia-arthrogryposis in a newborn calf in Belgium, 2016Bayrou, Calixte ; Garigliany, Mutien-Marie ; Cassart, Dominique et alin Veterinary Record Case Reports (2017), 4(1), 000342Schmallenberg virus (SBV) emerged in Germany in 2011, then spread rapidly across Europe, causing an epizootic outbreak of abortion, stillbirth and birth at term of lambs, kids and calves with neurological ... [more ▼]Schmallenberg virus (SBV) emerged in Germany in 2011, then spread rapidly across Europe, causing an epizootic outbreak of abortion, stillbirth and birth at term of lambs, kids and calves with neurological signs and/or musculo-skeletal malformations. SBV-associated disease in newborns disappeared in Belgium in 2013. Here, we describe a SBV genomic RNA-positive malformed calf born in May 2016. It reveals the return of SBV circulation during the fall 2015 in the said area. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 13 (3 ULg) First scattered-light images of the gas-rich debris disk around 49 CetiChoquet, É.; Milli, J.; Wahhaj, Z. et alin Astrophysical Journal Letters (2017), 834(2), 12We present the first scattered-light images of the debris disk around 49 ceti, a ~40 Myr A1 main sequence star at 59 pc, famous for hosting two massive dust belts as well as large quantities of atomic and ... [more ▼]We present the first scattered-light images of the debris disk around 49 ceti, a ~40 Myr A1 main sequence star at 59 pc, famous for hosting two massive dust belts as well as large quantities of atomic and molecular gas. The outer disk is revealed in reprocessed archival Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS F110W images, as well as new coronagraphic H band images from the Very Large Telescope SPHERE instrument. The disk extends from 1.1" (65 AU) to 4.6" (250 AU), and is seen at an inclination of 73degr, which refines previous measurements at lower angular resolution. We also report no companion detection larger than 3 M_Jup at projected separations beyond 20 AU from the star (0.34"). Comparison between the F110W and H-band images is consistent with a grey color of 49 ceti's dust, indicating grains larger than >2microns. Our photometric measurements indicate a scattering efficiency / infrared excess ratio of 0.2-0.4, relatively low compared to other characterized debris disks. We find that 49 ceti presents morphological and scattering properties very similar to the gas-rich HD 131835 system. From our constraint on the disk inclination we find that the atomic gas previously detected in absorption must extend to the inner disk, and that the latter must be depleted of CO gas. Building on previous studies, we propose a schematic view of the system describing the dust and gas structure around 49 ceti and hypothetic scenarios for the gas nature and origin. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 13 (1 ULg) The soundscape of Arctic Charr spawning grounds in lotic and lentic environments: can passive acoustic monitoring be used to detect spawning activities?Bolgan, Marta ; O'Brien, Joanne; Chorazyczewska, Emilia et alin Bioacoustics (2017)The aims of this study were to (i) assess the efficacy of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) for detecting Arctic Charr at their spawning grounds and (ii) characterize the overall acoustic soundscape of ... [more ▼]The aims of this study were to (i) assess the efficacy of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) for detecting Arctic Charr at their spawning grounds and (ii) characterize the overall acoustic soundscape of these sites. PAM was carried out over three Arctic Charr spawning grounds in the UK, one lotic and two lentic. 24-h cycles of recordings were collected prior to and during the Arctic Charr spawning season, which was determined from data returns by simultaneous net monitoring. Acoustic analysis consisted of manual quantification of sound sources, Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI) calculation and spectral analysis in 1/3 octave band (SPL; dB re 1 μPa). In the lotic spawning ground, prior to the beginning of Arctic Charr spawning, SPL and ACI showed a restricted range of variation throughout the 24-h, while during spawning the night values of SPL and ACI were found to significantly increase, concurrently with the rate of gravel noise induced by fish spawning activities and fish air passage sounds. Both prior to and during the Arctic Charr run, the lentic soundscape was characterized by diel variation due to the daytime presence of anthropogenic noise and the night-time presence of insect calls, while only a few occurrences of fish air passage sounds and gravel noise were recorded. These findings suggest that PAM over Arctic Charr spawning grounds could provide meaningful information to be used in developing management plans for this threatened species, such as determining the location and time of arrival, diel pattern and length of spawning activities. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 21 (1 ULg) Flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R134a, R1234yf and R1234ze in a plate heat exchanger for organic Rankine cycle unitsZhang, Ji; Desideri, Adriano ; Ryhl Kaern, Martin et alin International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer (2017), 108The optimal design of the evaporator is one of the key issues to improve the efficiency and economics of organic Rankine cycle units. The first step in studying the evaporator design is to understand the ... [more ▼]The optimal design of the evaporator is one of the key issues to improve the efficiency and economics of organic Rankine cycle units. The first step in studying the evaporator design is to understand the thermal- hydraulic performance of the working fluid in the evaporator of organic Rankine cycles. This paper is aimed at obtaining flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in a plate heat exchanger under the working conditions prevailing in the evaporator of organic Rankine cycle units. Two hydroflu- oroolefins R1234yf and R1234ze, and one hydrofluorocarbon R134a, were selected as the working fluids. The heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops of the three working fluids were measured with varying saturation temperatures, mass fluxes, heat fluxes and outlet vapour qualities, which range from 60 C to 80 C, 86 kg/m2 s to 137 kg/m2 s, 9.8 kW/m2 to 36.8 kW/m2 and 0.5 to 1, respectively. The working con- ditions covered relatively high saturation temperatures (corresponding reduced pressures of 0.35–0.74), which are prevailing in organic Rankine cycles yet absent in the open literature. The experimental data were compared with existing correlations, and new correlations were developed that are more suitable for evaporation in organic Rankine cycles. The experimental results indicate that heat transfer coefficients are strongly dependent upon the heat flux and saturation temperature. Moreover, the results suggest bet- ter thermal-hydraulic performance for R1234yf than the other two working fluids at the same saturation temperatures. With the new heat transfer and pressure drop correlations, agreements within ±25% were obtained for experimental data in similar experiments with high saturation temperatures. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (5 ULg) Pollen nutrients better explain bumblebee colony development than pollen diversityMoerman, Romain; Vanderplanck, Maryse ; Fournier, Denis et alin Insect Conservation and Diversity (2017)1. Bumblebees are valuable pollinators of numerous wild and cultivated plants. They can forage on variable pollen resources. As some pollen species lack particular nutrients or have global low nutritional ... [more ▼]1. Bumblebees are valuable pollinators of numerous wild and cultivated plants. They can forage on variable pollen resources. As some pollen species lack particular nutrients or have global low nutritional quality, it has been suggested that bumblebees mix their pollen incomes to ensure a global balanced diet. The hypothesis that a mixed pollen diet better supports bumblebee colony development than a single pollen diet has been poorly explored. 2. We compared the impact of mono-, di- and trifloral diets on microcolony development of Bombus terrestris using three pollen resources with different nutrient contents (Cytisus scoparius, Erica sp. and Sorbus aucuparia) as well as their mixes. Nine parameters (e.g. pollen efficacy: total weight of larvae/total weight of pollen collection) were used to compare the microcolony performances. Moreover, we measured the influence of the pollen diversity and nutritional composition on relevant parameters. 3. We showed that microcolonies can potentially better develop on mixed pollen diets, but single pollen diet can also be as good as mixed pollen diet. Moreover, the sterol concentration appeared as a key factor to establish the impact of a pollen diet on the bumblebee colony development. 4. This study reveals that diverse pollen diet does not necessary equate with good colony development and supports the importance of selecting floral resources by considering their nutrient contents for bee conservation management. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 13 (0 ULg) Sodium vanadium (III) fluorophosphate/carbon nanotubes composite (NVPF/CNT) prepared by spray-drying: good electrochemical performance thanks to well-dispersed CNT network within NVPF particlesEshraghi, Nicolas ; Caes, Sebastien; Mahmoud, Abdelfattah et alin Electrochimica Acta (2017), 228We successfully prepared NASICON-type Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) and a Na3V2(PO4)2F3/carbon nanotubes (CNT) composite by spray-drying followed by heat treatment in argon for 2 hours at 600 °C. The addition of ... [more ▼]We successfully prepared NASICON-type Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) and a Na3V2(PO4)2F3/carbon nanotubes (CNT) composite by spray-drying followed by heat treatment in argon for 2 hours at 600 °C. The addition of CNT in the spray-drying solution creates a CNT network within the NVPF particles. After grinding, the smaller NVPF particles remain linked by CNT. Thanks to this conducting network, the composite powder displays competitive electrochemical performance when cycled against lithium in hybrid-ion batteries (2–4.6 V vs. Li+/Li) with specific capacities of 125 mAh.g−1 at C/10, 103 mAh.g−1 at 1C and 91 mAh.g−1 at 4C, together with 97.5% capacity retention at 1C over 100 cycles with coulombic efficiency of 99.4%. These results demonstrate that sodium vanadium (III) fluorophosphate electrode material can be obtained in a time-efficient way using the easily up-scalable spray-drying method. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 21 (5 ULg) A Framework for the Evaluation of Biosecurity, Commercial, Regulatory, and Scientific Impacts of Plant Viruses and Viroids Identified by NGS TechnologiesMassart, Sebastien; Candresse, Thierry; Gil, Jose et alin Frontiers in Microbiology (2017), 8(45), Detailed reference viewed: 17 (2 ULg) Stromal Modulators of TGF-β in CancerCostanza, Brunella ; Umelo, Ijeoma ; Bellier, Justine et alin Journal of clinical Medicine (2017)Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an intriguing cytokine exhibiting dual activities in malignant disease. It is an important mediator of cancer invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, on the one hand ... [more ▼]Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an intriguing cytokine exhibiting dual activities in malignant disease. It is an important mediator of cancer invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, on the one hand, while it exhibits anti-tumor functions on the other hand. Elucidating the precise role of TGF-β in malignant development and progression requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in its tumor suppressor to tumor promoter switch. One important aspect of TGF-β function is its interaction with proteins within the tumor microenvironment. Several stromal proteins have the natural ability to interact and modulate TGF-β function. Understanding the complex interplay between the TGF-β signaling network and these stromal proteins may provide greater insight into the development of novel therapeutic strategies that target the TGF-β axis. The present review highlights our present understanding of how stroma modulates TGF-β activity in human cancers [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 23 (3 ULg) Image quality in Coronary CT Angiography: Challenges and technical solutions.Ghekiere, Olivier; Salgado, Rodrigo; Buls, Nico et alin British Journal of Radiology (2017)Multidetector CT angiography has become a widely accepted examination for non-invasive evaluation of the heart and coronary arteries. Despite its ongoing success and worldwide clinical implementation, it ... [more ▼]Multidetector CT angiography has become a widely accepted examination for non-invasive evaluation of the heart and coronary arteries. Despite its ongoing success and worldwide clinical implementation, it remains an often-challenging procedure in which image quality, and hence diagnostic value, is determined by both technical and patient-related factors. Thorough knowledge of these factors is important to obtain high quality examinations. In this review, we discuss several key elements that may adversely affect coronary CT angiography image quality as well as potential measures that can be taken to mitigate their impact. In addition, several recent vendor-specific advances and future directions to improve image quality are discussed. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 32 (0 ULg) Segregation and pattern formation in dilute granular media under microgravity conditionsOpsomer, Eric ; Noirhomme, Martial ; Vandewalle, Nicolas et alin NPJ Microgravity (2017), 3Space exploration and exploitation face a major challenge: the handling of granular materials in low-gravity environments. Indeed, grains behave quite differently in space than on Earth, and the ... [more ▼]Space exploration and exploitation face a major challenge: the handling of granular materials in low-gravity environments. Indeed, grains behave quite differently in space than on Earth, and the dissipative nature of the collisions between solid particles leads to clustering. Within poly-disperse materials, the question of segregation is highly relevant but has not been addressed so far in microgravity. From parabolic flight experiments on dilute binary granular media, we show that clustering can trigger a segregation mechanism, and we observe, for the first time, the formation of layered structures in the bulk. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 12 (1 ULg) The W. M. Keck Observatory infrared vortex coronagraph and a first image of HIP79124 BSerabyn, Eugene; Huby, Elsa ; Matthews, Keith et alin Astronomical Journal (The) (2017), 153(1), 43An optical vortex coronagraph has been implemented within the NIRC2 camera on the Keck II telescope and used to carry out on-sky tests and observations. The development of this new L'-band observational ... [more ▼]An optical vortex coronagraph has been implemented within the NIRC2 camera on the Keck II telescope and used to carry out on-sky tests and observations. The development of this new L'-band observational mode is described, and an initial demonstration of the new capability is presented: a resolved image of the low-mass companion to HIP79124, which had previously been detected by means of interferometry. With HIP79124 B at a projected separation of 186.5 mas, both the small inner working angle of the vortex coronagraph and the related imaging improvements were crucial in imaging this close companion directly. Due to higher Strehl ratios and more relaxed contrasts in L' band versus H band, this new coronagraphic capability will enable high-contrast small-angle observations of nearby young exoplanets and disks on a par with those of shorter-wavelength extreme adaptive optics coronagraphs. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 22 (4 ULg) Characterization of the inner disk around HD 141569 A from Keck/NIRC2 L-band vortex coronagraphyMawet, Dimitri; Choquet, Élodie; Absil, Olivier et alin Astronomical Journal (The) (2017), 153(1), 44HD 141569 A is a pre-main sequence B9.5 Ve star surrounded by a prominent and complex circumstellar disk, likely still in a transition stage from protoplanetary to debris disk phase. Here, we present a ... [more ▼]HD 141569 A is a pre-main sequence B9.5 Ve star surrounded by a prominent and complex circumstellar disk, likely still in a transition stage from protoplanetary to debris disk phase. Here, we present a new image of the third inner disk component of HD 141569 A made in the L' band (3.8 micron) during the commissioning of the vector vortex coronagraph recently installed in the near-infrared imager and spectrograph NIRC2 behind the W.M. Keck Observatory Keck II adaptive optics system. We used reference point spread function subtraction, which reveals the innermost disk component from the inner working distance of $\simeq 23$ AU and up to $\simeq 70$ AU. The spatial scale of our detection roughly corresponds to the optical and near-infrared scattered light, thermal Q, N and 8.6 micron PAH emission reported earlier. We also see an outward progression in dust location from the L'-band to the H-band (VLT/SPHERE image) to the visible (HST/STIS image), likely indicative of dust blowout. The warm disk component is nested deep inside the two outer belts imaged by HST NICMOS in 1999 (respectively at 406 and 245 AU). We fit our new L'-band image and spectral energy distribution of HD 141569 A with the radiative transfer code MCFOST. Our best-fit models favor pure olivine grains, and are consistent with the composition of the outer belts. While our image shows a putative very-faint point-like clump or source embedded in the inner disk, we did not detect any true companion within the gap between the inner disk and the first outer ring, at a sensitivity of a few Jupiter masses. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 16 (2 ULg) Paleogenetic study of ancient DNA suggestive of X-Linked acrogigantismBeckers, Albert ; Fernandes, Daniel; Fina, Frederic et alin Endocrine-Related Cancer (2017)Detailed reference viewed: 11 (2 ULg) How should proxies of Cognitive Reserve be evaluated in a population of healthy older adults?Grotz, Catherine ; Seron, Xavier; Van Wissen, Marie et alin International Psychogeriatrics (2017), 29(1), 123-136Background: While some tools have been developed to estimate an individual’s cognitive reserve (CR), no study has assessed the adequacy of the method used for assessing these CR proxy indicators ... [more ▼]Background: While some tools have been developed to estimate an individual’s cognitive reserve (CR), no study has assessed the adequacy of the method used for assessing these CR proxy indicators. Therefore, we aimed to determine the most appropriate method to estimate CR by comparing two approaches: 1) the common assessment of CR proxies in the literature (e.g., years of education) and 2) the calculation of a comprehensive index based on most significant parameters used in the estimation of CR. Methods: Data on CR proxies: (i.e., education, occupation and leisure activities) were obtained in a sample of 204 older adults. Regression analyses were used to develop the two indices of CR (i.e., ICR-standard and ICR-detailed) and to determine which index best represented the level of one’s CR. Results: The ICR-standard was calculated using a combination of the three most common measures of reserve in the literature: number of schooling years, complexity of the primary occupation and amount of current participation in stimulating activities. The ICR-detailed was calculated using the most significant parameters (established in initial analyses) of CR: highest level of education combined with the number of training courses, last occupation and amount of current participation in social and intellectual activities. The comparison of both indices showed that higher levels of ICR-standard and ICR-detailed were associated with a greater minimization of the effects of age on cognition. However, the ICR-detailed was more strongly associated to this minimization than the ICR-standard, suggesting that the ICR-detailed best reflect one’s CR. Conclusion: This study is the first to show that it is of great importance to question methods measuring CR proxies in order to develop a clinical tool allowing a comprehensive and accurate estimation of CR. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 89 (9 ULg) Hot-Melt Extrusion as a Continuous Manufacturing Process to Form Ternary Cyclodextrin Inclusion ComplexesThiry, Justine ; Krier, Fabrice; Ratwatte, Shenelka et alin European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2017), 96Detailed reference viewed: 41 (14 ULg) Rossiter-McLaughlin models and their effect on estimates of stellar rotation, illustrated using six WASP systemsBrown, D. J. A.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Doyle, A. P. et alin Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2017), 464We present new measurements of the projected spin--orbit angle $\lambda$ for six WASP hot Jupiters, four of which are new to the literature (WASP-61, -62, -76, and -78), and two of which are new analyses ... [more ▼]We present new measurements of the projected spin--orbit angle $\lambda$ for six WASP hot Jupiters, four of which are new to the literature (WASP-61, -62, -76, and -78), and two of which are new analyses of previously measured systems using new data (WASP-71, and -79). We use three different models based on two different techniques: radial velocity measurements of the Rossiter--McLaughlin effect, and Doppler tomography. Our comparison of the different models reveals that they produce projected stellar rotation velocities ($v \sin I_{\rm s}$) measurements often in disagreement with each other and with estimates obtained from spectral line broadening. The Bou\'e model for the Rossiter--McLaughlin effect consistently underestimates the value of $v\sin I_{\rm s}$ compared to the Hirano model. Although $v \sin I_s$ differed, the effect on $\lambda$ was small for our sample, with all three methods producing values in agreement with each other. Using Doppler tomography, we find that WASP-61\,b ($\lambda=4^\circ.0^{+17.1}_{-18.4}$), WASP-71\,b ($\lambda=-1^\circ.9^{+7.1}_{-7.5}$), and WASP-78\,b ($\lambda=-6^\circ.4\pm5.9$) are aligned. WASP-62\,b ($\lambda=19^\circ.4^{+5.1}_{-4.9}$) is found to be slightly misaligned, while WASP-79\,b ($\lambda=-95^\circ.2^{+0.9}_{-1.0}$) is confirmed to be strongly misaligned and has a retrograde orbit. We explore a range of possibilities for the orbit of WASP-76\,b, finding that the orbit is likely to be strongly misaligned in the positive $\lambda$ direction. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 9 (0 ULg) The EACVI Echo Handbook.Nchimi Longang, Alain in European Heart Journal (2017)Detailed reference viewed: 10 (0 ULg) Discovery of a low-mass companion inside the debris ring surrounding the F5V star HD 206893Milli, J.; Hibon, P.; Christiaens, Valentin et alin Astronomy and Astrophysics (2017), 597
Aims: Uncovering the ingredients and the architecture of planetary systems is a very active field of research that has fuelled many new theories on giant planet formation, migration, composition ... [more ▼]
Aims: Uncovering the ingredients and the architecture of planetary systems is a very active field of research that has fuelled many new theories on giant planet formation, migration, composition, and interaction with the circumstellar environment. We aim at discovering and studying new such systems, to further expand our knowledge of how low-mass companions form and evolve.
Methods: We obtained high-contrast H-band images of the circumstellar environment of the F5V star HD 206893, known to host a debris disc never detected in scattered light. These observations are part of the SPHERE High Angular Resolution Debris Disc Survey (SHARDDS) using the InfraRed Dual-band Imager and Spectrograph (IRDIS) installed on VLT/SPHERE.
Results: We report the detection of a source with a contrast of 3.6 × 10[SUP]-5[/SUP] in the H-band, orbiting at a projected separation of 270 milliarcsec or 10 au, corresponding to a mass in the range 24 to 73 M[SUB]Jup[/SUB] for an age of the system in the range 0.2 to 2 Gyr. The detection was confirmed ten months later with VLT/NaCo, ruling out a background object with no proper motion. A faint extended emission compatible with the disc scattered light signal is also observed.
Conclusions: The detection of a low-mass companion inside a massive debris disc makes this system an analog of other young planetary systems such as β Pictoris, HR 8799 or HD 95086 and requires now further characterisation of both components to understand their interactions. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 10 (3 ULg) Water loss from terrestrial planets orbiting ultracool dwarfs: implications for the planets of TRAPPIST-1Bolmont, E.; Selsis, F.; Owen, J. E. et alin Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2017), 464Ultracool dwarfs (UCD; $T_{\rm eff}<\sim3000~$K) cool to settle on the main sequence after $\sim$1 Gyr. For brown dwarfs, this cooling never stops. Their habitable zone (HZ) thus sweeps inward at least ... [more ▼]Ultracool dwarfs (UCD; $T_{\rm eff}<\sim3000~$K) cool to settle on the main sequence after $\sim$1 Gyr. For brown dwarfs, this cooling never stops. Their habitable zone (HZ) thus sweeps inward at least during the first Gyr of their lives. Assuming they possess water, planets found in the HZ of UCDs have experienced a runaway greenhouse phase too hot for liquid water prior to entering the HZ. It has been proposed that such planets are desiccated by this hot early phase and enter the HZ as dry worlds. Here we model the water loss during this pre-HZ hot phase taking into account recent upper limits on the XUV emission of UCDs and using 1D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations. We address the whole range of UCDs but also focus on the planets recently found around the $0.08~M_\odot$ dwarf TRAPPIST-1. Despite assumptions maximizing the FUV-photolysis of water and the XUV-driven escape of hydrogen, we find that planets can retain significant amounts of water in the HZ of UCDs, with a sweet spot in the $0.04$-$0.06~M_\odot$ range. We also studied the TRAPPIST-1 system using observed constraints on the XUV-flux. We find that TRAPPIST-1b and c may have lost as much as 15 Earth Oceans and planet d -- which might be inside the HZ -- may have lost less than 1 Earth Ocean. Depending on their initial water contents, they could have enough water to remain habitable. TRAPPIST-1 planets are key targets for atmospheric characterization and could provide strong constraints on the water erosion around UCDs. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 22 (0 ULg) First limits on the occurrence rate of short-period planets orbiting brown dwarfsHe, Matthias Y.; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Gillon, Michaël in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2017), 464Planet formation theories predict a large but still undetected population of short-period terrestrial planets orbiting brown dwarfs. Should specimens of this population be discovered transiting relatively ... [more ▼]Planet formation theories predict a large but still undetected population of short-period terrestrial planets orbiting brown dwarfs. Should specimens of this population be discovered transiting relatively bright and nearby brown dwarfs, the Jupiter-size and the low luminosity of their hosts would make them exquisite targets for detailed atmospheric characterisation with JWST and future ground-based facilities. The eventual discovery and detailed study of a significant sample of transiting terrestrial planets orbiting nearby brown dwarfs could prove to be useful not only for comparative exoplanetology but also for astrobiology, by bringing us key information on the physical requirements and timescale for the emergence of life. In this context, we present a search for transit-signals in archival time-series photometry acquired by the Spitzer Space Telescope for a sample of 44 nearby brown dwarfs. While these 44 targets were not particularly selected for their brightness, the high precision of their Spitzer light curves allows us to reach sensitivities below Earth-sized planets for 75% of the sample and down to Europa-sized planets on the brighter targets. We could not identify any unambiguous planetary signal. Instead, we could compute the first limits on the presence of planets on close-in orbits. We find that within a 1.28 day orbit, the occurrence rate of planets with a radius between 0.75 and 3.25 R$_\oplus$ is {\eta} < 67 $\pm$ 1%. For planets with radii between 0.75 and 1.25 R$_\oplus$, we place a 95% confident upper limit of {\eta} < 87 $\pm$ 3%. If we assume an occurrence rate of {\eta} = 27% for these planets with radii between 0.75 and 1.25 R$_\oplus$, as the discoveries of the Kepler-42b and TRAPPIST-1b systems would suggest, we estimate that 175 brown dwarfs need to be monitored in order to guarantee (95%) at least one detection. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 28 (1 ULg) H.M. Enzensberger contre l'amertume du vieillard. Des "groupes vidéos" à Youtube (et retour).Hamers, Jérémy in Cahier Louis-Lumière (2017), 10By interrelating several texts on the editing and juxtaposition of heterogeneous images by the German essayist and media theorist Hans Magnus Enzensberger, this article brings up to date an aesthetic link ... [more ▼]By interrelating several texts on the editing and juxtaposition of heterogeneous images by the German essayist and media theorist Hans Magnus Enzensberger, this article brings up to date an aesthetic link between various past and contemporary media devices. The identification of this link makes it possible to free theoretical critique of the evolutionary paradigm of failure and progress (technological and political), opening it up to a set of reciprocal and non-linear insights. In this context, the use of Enzensberger texts also goes beyond any form of periodisation. By engaging a dialogue with his “Jeu de construction pour une théorie des medias” / Constituents of a Theory of the Media (1970), several essays gathered in Médiocrité et folie / Mediocrity and Madness (1988), as well as his recent autobiographical interview Erinnerungen an einen Tumult (2014), this text shows how criticism by the German writer, while constantly revitalised by the emergence of “new” objects (tabloid press, mobile video, television, Internet, smartphones), invites us to overcome any technological determinism to simultaneously consider the political potential of the first activist video groups and platforms dominating the Internet today. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 34 (2 ULg) Tracing Migrant-Mothers’ ‘Return’ Narratives in the Mexico-U.S and Peru-Belgium Migratory Circuits.Vivas Romero, Maria ; Sanchez-Martinez, Anabelain Travaux et recherches dans les amériques du centre (2017)How do contemporary migrant mothers strategize return to their home countries? And how does the social protections available for their bi-national children in sending and destination countries factor in ... [more ▼]How do contemporary migrant mothers strategize return to their home countries? And how does the social protections available for their bi-national children in sending and destination countries factor in the decision to return? Through this contribution, we aimed to tackle these questions. We draw from the analysis of two longitudinal migratory careers and argue that our participant’s return decisions were influenced both by their children’s effective access to social protection and their subjective perceptions of ‘good-motherhood’. This Trans-Atlantic comparison shows how different situated-institutional-contexts, cultures of care and motherhood resulted into different patterns of mobility for these women and their families. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 30 (10 ULg) European consensus-based (S2k) Guideline on the Management of Herpes Zoster - guided by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) in cooperation with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV), Part 1: DiagnosisWERNER R. N.; NIKKELS, Arjen ; MARINOVIC B. et alin Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology (2017), 31Herpes zoster (HZ, shingles) is a frequent medical condition which may severely impact the quality of life of affected patients. Different therapeutic approaches to treat acute HZ are available. The aim ... [more ▼]Herpes zoster (HZ, shingles) is a frequent medical condition which may severely impact the quality of life of affected patients. Different therapeutic approaches to treat acute HZ are available. The aim of this European project was the elaboration of a consensus-based guideline on the management of patients who present with HZ, considering different patient populations and different localizations. This interdisciplinary guideline aims at an improvement of the outcomes of the acute HZ management concerning disease duration, acute pain and quality of life of the affected patients and at a reduction of the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia and other complications. The guideline development followed a structured and predefined process, considering the quality criteria for guidelines development as suggested by the AGREE II instrument. The steering group was responsible for the planning and the organization of the guideline development process (Division of Evidence based Medicine, dEBM). The expert panel was nominated by virtue of clinical expertise and/or scientific experience and included experts from the fields of dermatology, virology/infectiology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology and anaesthesiology. Recommendations for clinical practice were formally consented during the consensus conference, explicitly considering different relevant aspects. The guideline was approved by the commissioning societies after an extensive internal and external review process. In this first part of the guideline, diagnostic means have been evaluated. The expert panel formally consented recommendations for the management of patients with (suspected) HZ, referring to the assessment of HZ patients, considering various specific clinical situations. Users of the guideline must carefully check whether the recommendations are appropriate for the context of intended application. In the setting of an international guideline, it is generally important to consider different national approaches and legal circumstances with regard to the regulatory approval, availability and reimbursement of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 20 (1 ULg) Methane balance of an intensively grazed pasture and estimation of the enteric methane emissions from cattleDumortier, Pierre ; Aubinet, Marc ; Beckers, Yves et alin Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (2017), 232The methane turbulent fluxes of an intensively grazed pasture were measured continuously from June 2012 to December 2013 at the Dorinne Terrestrial Observatory (DTO) in Belgium. During grazing periods ... [more ▼]The methane turbulent fluxes of an intensively grazed pasture were measured continuously from June 2012 to December 2013 at the Dorinne Terrestrial Observatory (DTO) in Belgium. During grazing periods, the fluxes were dominated by enteric fermentation and were found to be strongly related to cow stocking density. In 2013, total emission from the pasture was found between 9 and 11 g CH4 m−2, 97% of which being emitted during grazing periods. Emission per LU (livestock unit) was estimated in a non-invasive way by integrating eddy covariance fluxes over large periods and by assuming a homogeneous average cattle disposition on the pasture. This estimate was compared to the one obtained during confinement periods, where cows were confined in a small part of the pasture. The emission per LU varied between 104 and 134 g CH4 LU−1 day−1 (13 and 17 g CH4 kg DMI−1), depending on the dataset and the computation method used. Diel course was characterized by two emission peaks, one in the morning and a larger one in the afternoon. For rest periods (no cattle on the pasture), small emissions were observed (median and mean values of 0.5 and 1.5 mg CH4 m−2 day−1, respectively). [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 39 (20 ULg) Linking pollutant exposure of humpback whales breeding in the Indian Ocean to their feeding habits and feeding areas off AntarcticaDas, Krishna ; Malarvannan, Govindan; Dirtu, Alin et alin Environmental Pollution (2017), 220Humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, breeding off la Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) undergo large-scale seasonal migrations between summer feeding grounds near Antarctica and their reproductive winter ... [more ▼]Humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, breeding off la Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) undergo large-scale seasonal migrations between summer feeding grounds near Antarctica and their reproductive winter grounds in the Indian Ocean. The main scope of the current study was to investigate chemical exposure of humpback whales breeding in the Indian Ocean by providing the first published data on this breeding stock concerning persistent organic pollutants (POPs), namely polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDT and its metabolites (DDTs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs). Analyses of stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N in skin resulted in further insight in their feeding ecology, which was in agreement with a diet focused mainly on low trophic level prey species, such as krill from Antarctica. POPs were measured in all humpback whales in the order of HCB > DDTs > CHLs > HCHs > PCBs > PBDEs > MeO-BDEs. HCB (median: 24 ng.g-1 lw) and DDTs (median: 7.7 ng.g-1 lw) were the predominant compounds in all whale biopsies. Among DDT compounds, p,p’-DDE was the major organohalogenated pollutant, reflecting its long-term accumulation in humpback whales. Significantly lower concentrations of HCB and DDTs were found in females than in males (p<0.001). Other compounds were similar between the two genders (p>0.05). Differences in the HCB and DDTs suggested gender-specific transfer of some compounds to the offspring. POP concentrations were lower than previously reported results for humpback whales sampled near the Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting potential influence of their nutritional status and may indicate different exposures of the whales according to their feeding zones. Further investigations are required to assess exposure of southern humpback whales throughout their feeding zones. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 60 (11 ULg) MICROPALEONTOLOGY OF THE LOWER MESOPROTEROZOIC ROPER GROUP, AUSTRALIA, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR EARLY EUKARYOTIC EVOLUTIONJavaux, Emmanuelle ; Knoll, Andrew H.in Journal of Paleontology (2017)Detailed reference viewed: 9 (1 ULg) Precision measurement of radioactivity in Gamma-rays spectrometry using two HPGe detectors (BEGe-6530 and GC0818-7600SL models) comparison techniques: Application to the soil measurement.Guembou Shouop, Cébastien Joel ; Samafou Penabei; NDONTCHUENG MOYO, Maurice et alin MethodsX (2017), 4(42-54), 2017To obtain high quality of results in gamma spectrometry, it is necessary to select the best HPGe detector for particular measurements, to calibrate energy and efficiency of gamma detector as accurate as ... [more ▼]To obtain high quality of results in gamma spectrometry, it is necessary to select the best HPGe detector for particular measurements, to calibrate energy and efficiency of gamma detector as accurate as possible. To achieve this aim, the convenient detector model and gamma source can be very useful. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the soil specific activity using two HPGe model (BEGe-6530 and GC0818-7600SL) by comparing the results of the two detectors and the technics used according to the detector type. The relative uncertainty activity concentration was calculated for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. For broad energy germanium detector, BEGe-6530, the relative uncertainty concentration ranged from 2.85 to 3.09% with a mean of 2.99% for 226Ra, from 2.29 to 2.49% with a means of 2.36% for 232Th and from 3.47 to 22.37% with a mean of 12.52% for 40K. For GC0818-7600SL detector, it was ranged from 10.45 to 25.55% with a mean of 17.10% for 226Ra, from 2.54 to 3.56% with a means of 3.10% for 232Th and from 3.42 to 7.65% with a mean of 5.58% for 40K. The average report between GC0818-7600SL model and BEGe-6530 model was calculated and showed the mean value of 3.36. The main study was based on the following points: • Determination of The relative uncertainty activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K • Determination of the relative uncertainty related to the radium equivalent activity to compare the performance of the two detection systems • Proved that the activity concentration determination in gamma spectrometry depended on the energy range emitted by a radionuclide. This study showed that the standard deviation measurement was less important to the result realized with BEGe-6530 HPGe model. Our findings were demonstrated that the results of the Broad Energy Germanium detector were more reliable. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 14 (0 ULg) Bioclimatism in Architecture : an evolutionary perspectiveNguyen, Anh Tuan; Reiter, Sigrid in International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics (2017), 12(1), 16-29Fundamentals of vernacular architecture have been used in bioclimatic architecture which has gradually become the inspiration of various movements in contemporary architecture. The study points out that ... [more ▼]Fundamentals of vernacular architecture have been used in bioclimatic architecture which has gradually become the inspiration of various movements in contemporary architecture. The study points out that the development of bioclimatism in architecture has followed the pattern of a natural evolutionary process in which “natural selection” is likely motivated by several factors, including resources and environment problems, and driven by different mechanisms including novel building design concepts and methods, new standards and codes, discoveries in building science and construction costs. This study is an effort aimed to clarify the evolution process of the bioclimatic approach in architecture over time and its influences on contemporary movements in architecture. The paper shows also that the evolutionary theory generated new scientific tools able to improve building design thanks to simulation-based optimization methods applied to building performances. Finally, this study investigates new motivations in the era of climate change whose effects are expected to introduce more challenges as well as more trends towards a sustainable built environment through the new concept of Eco-adaptive architecture. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 54 (9 ULg) Application of discrete choice experiment to assess farmers’ willingness to report swine diseases in the Red River Delta region, VietnamPham Thi Thanh, Hoa; Peyre, Marisa; Quang Trinh, Tuyen et alin Preventive Veterinary Medicine (2017), 138A discrete choice experiment (DCE) is carried out to value socio-economic factors influencing the farmer’s decision to report swine diseases and to assess the willingness of farmers to report swine ... [more ▼]A discrete choice experiment (DCE) is carried out to value socio-economic factors influencing the farmer’s decision to report swine diseases and to assess the willingness of farmers to report swine diseases. Data were collected between March and July 2015 in two provinces in the Red River Delta, Northern Vietnam, from 196 pig producers by face-to face interview. A conditional logit model is used to measure the relative importance of the socio-economic factors and calculate the expected probability of disease reporting under changes of levels of these factors. Results of the study indicated that the likelihood of compensation and the type of culling implemented (all or only unrecovered pigs) are the two most important factors influencing farmer reporting. Compensation level, movement restriction and delay in compensation payment also have significant impacts on farmer’s decision to report animal disease but they are not as important as the above factors. Three different scenarios including changes in six different factors (attributes) are tested to predict probability of animal disease reporting. Under the current situation (uncertainty of being compensated), only 4% of the farmers would report swine disease outbreak to the official surveillance system if the culling policy involves all pigs in affected farms. This number is increased to 26% if culling in affected farms is restricted to unrecovered pigs only. Ensuring certainty of compensation increases reporting probability by up to 50% and 90% if all or only unrecovered pigs are destroyed, respectively. The results of this study are important for improving the performance and sustainability of swine disease surveillance system in Vietnam. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 7 (1 ULg) Looking for phosphate-accumulating bacteria in activated sludge processes : a multidisciplinary approachTarayre, Cédric ; Charlier, Raphaëlle; Delepierre, Anissa et alin Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2017)Over the past decades, an increasing need in renewable resources has progressively appeared. This trend concerns not only fossil fuels but also mineral resources. Wastewater and sewage sludge contain ... [more ▼]Over the past decades, an increasing need in renewable resources has progressively appeared. This trend concerns not only fossil fuels but also mineral resources. Wastewater and sewage sludge contain significant concentrations in phosphate and can be considered as a fertilizer source of the utmost importance. In wastewater treatment plants, the biological uptake of phosphate is performed by a specific microbiota: the phosphate-accumulating organisms. These microorganisms are recovered in sewage sludge. Here, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of phosphate accumulators in four wastewater treatment plants. A 16S metagenetic analysis identified the main bacterial phyla extracted from the aerobic treatment: α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, and Sphingobacteria. An enrichment stage was performed to stimulate the specific growth of phosphate-accumulating bacteria in an acetate medium. An analysis of metabolic activities of sulfur and phosphorus highlighted strong modifications related to phosphorus and much less distinguishable effects with sulfur. A solid acetate medium containing 5-Br-4-Cl-3-indolyl phosphate was used to select potential phosphate-accumulating bacteria from the enriched consortia. The positive strains have been found to belong in the genera Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, and Pseudomonas. Finally, electron microscopy was applied to the strains and allowed to confirm the presence of polyphosphate granules. Some of these bacteria contained granules the size of which exceeded 100 nm. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 30 (13 ULg) L’accès des filles à l’enseignement supérieur au Burkina Faso : choix parentaux, parcours d’étudiantes et défisWouango, Joséphine in International Review of Education (2017), 63(2), Qu'est-ce qui motive les parents des milieux moins aisés à investir dans une scolarisation prolongée de leurs filles ? Qu'est-ce qui amène les filles issues de ces milieux à se maintenir dans le système ... [more ▼]Qu'est-ce qui motive les parents des milieux moins aisés à investir dans une scolarisation prolongée de leurs filles ? Qu'est-ce qui amène les filles issues de ces milieux à se maintenir dans le système scolaire jusqu'à l'université ? De nombreuses recherches sur le système éducatif burkinabé montrent qu'il existe encore des disparités entre filles et garçons à tous les niveaux, avec une aggravation de l'écart à mesure que le niveau d'études augmente. Dans ces conditions, la perspective pour des filles issues de familles moins aisées de poursuivre des études supérieures est moins certaine. Pourtant, on remarque une relative présence de filles issues de ces milieux à l'université de Ouagadougou. À partir d'une enquête qualitative auprès d'étudiantes et de leurs parents, cet article met en exergue les logiques sociales qui expliquent le parcours scolaire particulier de ces filles. Le niveau de scolarisation des aînés, la place de la fille dans la fratrie ou le souci d'équité sont des facteurs à l'origine du choix de certains parents de scolariser leurs filles. Les parents se réfèrent à plusieurs formes de justification en faveur des études universitaires des filles, parmi lesquelles la logique de fidélité des filles dans le retour de l’aide revient à de multiples reprises. Quant aux étudiantes, elles évoquent des motivations diverses pour expliquer leur parcours scolaire et universitaire, souvent émaillé de difficultés, notamment la volonté d’aider leurs parents. L’article montre en outre l’importance du soutien familial dans l’entrée des filles à l’école et à l’université, ainsi que dans la poursuite et la réussite de leurs études. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (3 ULg) Le castor, porte-parole d'une rivière vivanteDenayer, Dorothée ; Semal, Nathalie in Mille Lieux (2017), 4Detailed reference viewed: 14 (4 ULg) La polémique marxiste comme pouvoir de praxis : le rôle des revues dans la radicalisation d'un imaginaire politiqueFranck, Thomas in Dacoromania Litteraria (2017), 3On the basis of Antonio Gramsci’s praxis philosophy, taken up by André Tosel, and Cornelius Castoriadis’ works on radical imaginary, this article analyses the debate about Marxism, during the year 1946 ... [more ▼]On the basis of Antonio Gramsci’s praxis philosophy, taken up by André Tosel, and Cornelius Castoriadis’ works on radical imaginary, this article analyses the debate about Marxism, during the year 1946, between two intellectual reviews: Les Temps Modernes and Critique. If the creation of those reviews is deeply related to a social context and an interdiscourse influenced by the political and ideological rise of extreme left – particularly the French Communist Party –, their project consists in a critical questioning of communist discourses, returning to Marx’s and Hegel’s texts. References to these philosophies induce different rhetorical and argumentative particularities that we intend to study in order to understand the complex relations between the rhetoric of a sociohistorical interdiscourse and his ideological substructure. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 26 (8 ULg) Multi-approach analysis to assess diet of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena in the southern North SeaMahfouz, C.; Meziane, T.; Henry, F. et alin Marine Ecology. Progress Series (2017), 563Detailed reference viewed: 6 (0 ULg) Attention et simultanéité intellectuelle chez Descartes, Clauberg et SpinozaDubouclez, Olivier in Les études philosophiques (2017), 1Abstract. – is paper deals with a classical problem, can we think or apprehend many things at once ? as it was understood and solved by Descartes and its followers. e idea that we can apprehend di erent ... [more ▼]Abstract. – is paper deals with a classical problem, can we think or apprehend many things at once ? as it was understood and solved by Descartes and its followers. e idea that we can apprehend di erent ideas at once is central in Descartes’ theory of knowledge, especially in the Rules, and it relies on the claim that attention can be divided between two objects or ideas. Clauberg considers on the contrary that the imagination alone can graps things simultaneously and holds the living body as the true paradigm of simultaneous activity. Spinoza has a synthetic point of view : simultaneity within the body and the mind are expressions of the power of the individ- ual and of his develoment. Attention is no more a condition of intellectual simultaneity, as in Descartes, but is rather an obstacle which needs to be overcome to reach a richer and better understanding of reality. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 26 (1 ULg) Etude rétrospective du bilan thyroïdien: définition de valeurs de référence pédiatriquesLADANG, Aurélie ; VRANKEN, Laura ; LUYCKX, Françoise et alin Revue Médicale de Liège (2017)Defining reference range is an essential tool for diagnostic. Age and sexe influences on thyroid hormone levels have been already discussed. In this study, we are defining a new pediatric reference range ... [more ▼]Defining reference range is an essential tool for diagnostic. Age and sexe influences on thyroid hormone levels have been already discussed. In this study, we are defining a new pediatric reference range for TSH, FT3 and FT4 for Cobas C6000 analyzer. To do so, we have taken in account 0 to 18 year old outclinic patients. During the first year of life, thyroid hormone levels change dramatically before getting stabilized around 3 years old. We also compared our results to those obtained in a Canadian large-scale prospective study (the CALIPER initiative). [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (1 ULg) First Report of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum Associated with the Psyllid Bactericera trigonica Hodkinson on Carrots in Northern AfricaTahzima, R.; Massart, Sébastien ; Achbani, E.H. et alin Plant Disease (2017), 101(1), 242Detailed reference viewed: 20 (2 ULg) European consensus-based (S2k) Guideline on the Management of Herpes Zoster - guided by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) in cooperation with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV), Part 2: TreatmentWERNER R.N.; NIKKELS, Arjen ; MARINOVIC B. et alin Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology (2017)Herpes zoster (HZ, shingles) is a frequent medical condition which may severely impact the quality of life of affected patients. Different therapeutic approaches to treat acute HZ are available. The aim ... [more ▼]Herpes zoster (HZ, shingles) is a frequent medical condition which may severely impact the quality of life of affected patients. Different therapeutic approaches to treat acute HZ are available. The aim of this European project was the elaboration of a consensus-based guideline on the management of patients who present with HZ, considering different patient populations and different localizations. This interdisciplinary guideline aims at an improvement of the outcomes of the acute HZ management concerning disease duration, acute pain and quality of life of the affected patients and at a reduction in the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and other complications. The guideline development followed a structured and pre-defined process, considering the quality criteria for guidelines development as suggested by the AGREE II instrument. The steering group was responsible for the planning and the organization of the guideline development process (Division of Evidence-Based Medicine, dEBM). The expert panel was nominated by virtue of clinical expertise and/or scientific experience and included experts from the fields of dermatology, virology/infectiology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology and anaesthesiology. Recommendations for clinical practice were formally consented during the consensus conference, explicitly considering different relevant aspects. The guideline was approved by the commissioning societies after an extensive internal and external review process. In this second part of the guideline, therapeutic interventions have been evaluated. The expert panel formally consented recommendations for the treatment of patients with HZ (antiviral medication, pain management, local therapy), considering various clinical situations. Users of the guideline must carefully check whether the recommendations are appropriate for the context of intended application. In the setting of an international guideline, it is generally important to consider different national approaches and legal circumstances with regard to the regulatory approval, availability and reimbursement of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 13 (1 ULg) Characteristics of EoL Printed Wiring Boards processed by ElectroDynamic FragmentationMartino, Rémi ; Iseli, Cedric; Gaydardzhiev, Stoyan et alin Chemie Ingenieur Technik (2017), 89(1-2), 1-10The ElectroDynamic Fragmentation (EDF) is an innovative technique which enables selective fragmentation of material. Its inherent selective breakage principles enable liberation while avoiding fine ... [more ▼]The ElectroDynamic Fragmentation (EDF) is an innovative technique which enables selective fragmentation of material. Its inherent selective breakage principles enable liberation while avoiding fine grinding. In this study, the specific effects of the EDF on End-of-Life Printed Wiring Boards have been assessed. A novel methodology for their EDF processing has been developed and compared with hammer mill shredding. Various energy inputs and treatment stages have resulted in fragmentation degrees ranging from removal of components to structure delamination and subsequent size reduction. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 29 (9 ULg) Nullité et restitutions – À propos de la nullité d’une convention portant mise à disposition de travailleurs conclue en méconnaissance de la loi du 24 juillet 1987Daumen, Laura in Revue Générale de Droit Civil Belge = Tijdschrift voor Belgisch Burgerlijk (2017), 2017(1), 41Detailed reference viewed: 14 (0 ULg) Silicate mineralogy at the surface of MercuryNamur, Olivier ; Charlier, Bernard in Nature Geoscience (2017)NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft has revealed geochemical diversity across Mercury’s volcanic crust. Near-infrared to ultraviolet spectra and images have provided evidence for the Fe2+-poor nature of silicate ... [more ▼]NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft has revealed geochemical diversity across Mercury’s volcanic crust. Near-infrared to ultraviolet spectra and images have provided evidence for the Fe2+-poor nature of silicate minerals, magnesium sulfide minerals in hollows and a darkening component attributed to graphite, but existing spectral data is insufficient to build a mineralogical map for the planet. Here we investigate the mineralogical variability of silicates in Mercury’s crust using crystallization experiments on magmas with compositions and under reducing conditions expected for Mercury. We find a common crystallization sequence consisting of olivine, plagioclase, pyroxenes and tridymite for all magmas tested. Depending on the cooling rate, we suggest that lavas on Mercury are either fully crystallized or made of a glassy matrix with phenocrysts. Combining the experimental results with geochemical mapping, we can identify several mineralogical provinces: the Northern Volcanic Plains and Smooth Plains, dominated by plagioclase, the High-Mg province, strongly dominated by forsterite, and the Intermediate Plains, comprised of forsterite, plagioclase and enstatite. This implies a temporal evolution of the mineralogy from the oldest lavas, dominated by mafic minerals, to the youngest lavas, dominated by plagioclase, consistent with progressive shallowing and decreasing degree of mantle melting over time. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 24 (2 ULg) How cognition affects perception: Brain activity modelling to unravel top-down dynamicsDesseilles, Martin ; Phillips, Christophe in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017), 39In this commentary on Firestone & Scholl's (F&S's) article, we argue that researchers should use brain-activity modelling to investigate top-down mechanisms. Using functional brain imaging and a specific ... [more ▼]In this commentary on Firestone & Scholl's (F&S's) article, we argue that researchers should use brain-activity modelling to investigate top-down mechanisms. Using functional brain imaging and a specific cognitive paradigm, modelling the BOLD signal provided new insight into the dynamic causalities involved in the influence of cognitions on perceptions. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (3 ULg) The design and study of new Li-ion full cells of LiCo2/3Ni1/6Mn1/6O2 positive electrode paired with MnSn2 and Li4Ti5O12 negative electrodesMahmoud, Abdelfattah ; Saadoune, Ismael; Lippens, Pierre-Emmanuel et alin Solid State Ionics (2017), 300We report evidence for the electrochemical performances of two Li-ion full cells, built up by the combination of LiCo2/3Ni1/6Mn1/6O2 cathode material with MnSn2 intermetallic and Li4Ti5O12 spinel as the ... [more ▼]We report evidence for the electrochemical performances of two Li-ion full cells, built up by the combination of LiCo2/3Ni1/6Mn1/6O2 cathode material with MnSn2 intermetallic and Li4Ti5O12 spinel as the anode materials, respectively. MnSn2 and Li4Ti5O12 electrode materials illustrate different working voltage versus the redox couple Li+/Li0 and different reactionmechanisms during lithiuminsertion/deinsertion cycles. The structure,morphological characteristics and the electrochemical properties of the studied materialswere investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical techniques. The two full-cell configurations showed different electrochemical behaviors. The MnSn2//LiCo2/3Ni1/6Mn1/6O2 configuration exhibits high working voltage (~3.5 V) and specific capacity (~200 mAh/gcathode) but suffers from high irreversible capacity loss during the first cycles and capacity fading during cycling. The Li4Ti5O12//LiCo2/3Ni1/6Mn1/6O2 cell demonstrated excellent cycling properties at different C-rates with 100% capacity retention after 150 cycles at 1 C. Although the working voltage (~2.2 V) and the specific capacity (~140 mAh/gcathode) are lower than those of the MnSn2//LiCo2/3Ni1/6Mn1/6O2 configuration, the other measured electrochemical properties suggest that the Li4Ti5O12//LiCo2/3Ni1/6Mn1/6O2 full cell is a potential candidate for battery application due to its excellent cycling performance and improved safety. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 14 (2 ULg) Invited CommentaryLancellotti, Patrizio ; Nchimi Longang, Alain in Annals of Thoracic Surgery (2017), 103(1), 81-82Detailed reference viewed: 13 (1 ULg) Relevance of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and therapy of frailty.Bruyère, Olivier ; Cavalier, Etienne ; Buckinx, Fanny et alin Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (2017), 20(1), 26-29PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews recently published evidence regarding the role of vitamin D in the physiopathology of physical frailty in elderly populations and its role in the management of this ... [more ▼]PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews recently published evidence regarding the role of vitamin D in the physiopathology of physical frailty in elderly populations and its role in the management of this geriatric condition. RECENT FINDINGS: Some recent studies have found a low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, considered the best marker of vitamin D status, in frail individuals. All prospective studies consistently report that low vitamin D status is associated with an increased risk of becoming frail. Recent studies also suggest that the relationship between vitamin D status and frailty is largely mediated by the development of sarcopenia. Very few well designed randomized controlled trials are available that assess the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or management of frailty. In the absence of specific guidelines, a minimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 75 nmol/l is proposed for frail elderly patients by some scientific societies. The doses necessary to reach this target are between 800 and 2000 IU/day. SUMMARY: Several studies suggest a potential effect of vitamin D on physical frailty but large clinical trials are lacking at this time to provide solid evidence of clinical benefit. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (2 ULg) La cigarette électronique : état des connaissances à propos des aspects toxicologiquesDEVILLE, Marine ; CHARLIER, Corinne in Revue Médicale de Liège (2017), 72(1), 20-24La cigarette électronique, aussi appelée e-cigarette, est présentée comme une alternative au tabagisme qui serait moins nocive pour la santé. Son fonctionnement repose sur la conversion d’un liquide en ... [more ▼]La cigarette électronique, aussi appelée e-cigarette, est présentée comme une alternative au tabagisme qui serait moins nocive pour la santé. Son fonctionnement repose sur la conversion d’un liquide en vapeur, sous l’action de la chaleur générée par un filament présent dans un atomiseur. Le liquide est majoritairement composé de propylène glycol et/ou de glycérine, utilisé(s) pour produire l’effet de fumée, auxquels s’ajoutent des arômes et, éventuellement, de la nicotine. A l’exception de cette dernière, potentiellement létale lorsqu’elle est ingérée à haute dose, ces constituants sont généralement reconnus comme sans danger. Cependant, les conséquences d’une inhalation chronique de propylène glycol sont méconnues. Avantageusement, les composés qui rendent la cigarette traditionnelle particulièrement nuisible – nitrosamines, formaldéhyde, métaux, monoxyde de carbone,… - sont soit absents, soit présents en faible quantité dans la vapeur d’une e-cigarette, sans comparaison avec les taux mesurés dans la fumée d’une cigarette conventionnelle. Il en résulte un profil de toxicité rassurant pour la e-cigarette, bien que son efficacité dans le sevrage tabagique reste à démontrer. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 50 (5 ULg) Post-embryonic development of sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus: a staging tool based on externally visible anatomical traitsSchnitzler, Joseph ; Dussenne, Mélanie ; Frederich, Bruno et alin Ichthyological Research (2017), 64The sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus has become a favoured model for laboratory studies because of their small size, rapid development, and tolerance of laboratory conditions. Here, we analyse ... [more ▼]The sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus has become a favoured model for laboratory studies because of their small size, rapid development, and tolerance of laboratory conditions. Here, we analyse sheepshead minnow post-embryonic development with the goal of providing a generally useful method for staging fish after embryogenesis. Groups of three females and two males were placed in breeding chambers designed for this experiment. More than 100 eggs were collected and maintained in seawater. Embryos were selected under a dissection microscope and placed in incubation dishes (50 per dish) at 26 °C. On day six, embryos hatched and larvae were transferred to 1 L beakers. To define a simplified normalization table for sheepshead minnow development, we measured each fish for its standard length and examined the fish for four externally evident traits: pigmentation pattern, caudal fin morphology, anal fin morphology, and dorsal fin morphology. The four traits were chosen, because they are easily visualized with standard laboratory equipment such as the stereomicroscope and camera. We have provided criteria for staging sheepshead minnows in studies of post-embryonic development. Our data suggest that dorsal and anal fin morphology may serve as a useful phenotype for defining metamorphic climax stages throughout post-embryonic development in C. variegatus. The staging systems we propose should facilitate detailed anatomical and developmental analyses in relation to ecotoxicological studies on potential disruption of the thyroid axis by xenobiotics and endocrine-disrupting compounds. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 36 (12 ULg) La «Health Literacy»,un moyen pour réduire les inégalités sociales de santéBragard, Isabelle ; COUCKE, Philippe ; Pétré, Benoît et alin Revue Médicale de Liège (2017), 72(1), Health literacy (HL) is defined as ‘the knowledge, motivation, and competences to access, understand, appraise and apply health information in order to make judgments and take decisions in everyday life ... [more ▼]Health literacy (HL) is defined as ‘the knowledge, motivation, and competences to access, understand, appraise and apply health information in order to make judgments and take decisions in everyday life concerning health care, disease prevention and health promotion to maintain or improve quality of life’. This concept begins to be recognized as a priority area for action at political level in Belgium. Indeed, a limited HL may affect health by leading, by example, with poorer management of chronic diseases, more hospital admissions and premature deaths. This paper addresses the question of HL evaluation, improvement interventions as well as the many challenges that remain in this area. HL seems fundamental to the development of better health management. It would allow patients to play a more active role in health care, to involve all health stakeholders, and to contribute to a more sustainable health system. Improving HL could allow better equal access to health care. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (2 ULg) Spatial variation in the accumulation of POPs and mercury in bottlenose dolphins of the Lower Florida Keys and the coastal Everglades (South Florida)Damseaux, France ; Kiszka, J.; Heithaus, M.R. et alin Environmental Pollution (2017), 220The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is an upper trophic level predator and the most common cetacean species found in nearshore waters of southern Florida, including the Lower Florida Keys (LFK ... [more ▼]The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is an upper trophic level predator and the most common cetacean species found in nearshore waters of southern Florida, including the Lower Florida Keys (LFK) and the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE). The objective of this study was to assess contamination levels of total mercury (T-Hg) in skin and persistent organic pollutants (PCBs, PBDEs, DDXs, HCHs, HCB, Σ PCDD/Fs and Σ DL-PCBs) in blubber samples of bottlenose dolphins from LFK (n = 27) and FCE (n = 24). PCBs were the major class of compounds found in bottlenose dolphin blubber and were higher in individuals from LFK (Σ 6 PCBs LFK males: 13421 ± 7730 ng.g-1 lipids, Σ 6 PCBs LFK females: 9683 ± 19007 ng.g-1 lipids) than from FCE (Σ 6 PCBs FCE males: 5638 ng.g-1 ± 3627 lipids, Σ 6 PCBs FCE females: 1427 ± 908 ng.g-1 lipids). These levels were lower than previously published data from the southeastern USA. The Σ DL-PCBs were the most prevalent pollutants of dioxin and dioxin like compounds (Σ DL-PCBs LFK: 739 ng.g-1 lipids, Σ DL-PCBs FCE: 183 ng.g-1 lipids) since PCDD/F concentrations were low for both locations (mean 0.1 ng.g-1 lipids for LFK and FCE dolphins). The toxicity equivalences of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs expressed as TEQ in LFK and FCE dolphins is mainly expressed by DL-PCBs (81% LFK - 65% FCE). T-Hg concentrations in skin were significantly higher in FCE (FCE median 9314 ng.g-1 dw) compared to LFK dolphins (LFK median 2941 ng.g-1 dw). These bottlenose dolphins concentrations are the highest recorded in the southeastern USA, and may be explained, at least partially, by the biogeochemistry of the Everglades and mangrove sedimentary habitats that create favourable conditions for the retention of mercury and make it available at high concentrations for aquatic predators. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 71 (20 ULg) Influence of the balls kinematics of axially loaded ball bearings on Coulombic frictional dissipationsBozet, Jean-Luc ; Servais, Christophe in Journal of Tribology (2017), 139(1), Ball bearings have been used for a long time. Nevertheless, the description of their behavior remains incomplete in spite of the large number of surveys dedicated to ball bearings. Particularly, the exact ... [more ▼]Ball bearings have been used for a long time. Nevertheless, the description of their behavior remains incomplete in spite of the large number of surveys dedicated to ball bearings. Particularly, the exact balls kinematics has still to be addressed in depth. This paper proposes a new way to calculate the balls kinematics by using a simplified quasi-static approach for dry lubricated and axially loaded ball bearings. This method does not use the classical restrictive race control assumptions. More specifically, the role played by the balls kinematics is emphasized by means of the power dissipated within contacts between balls and races. The need for a correct evaluation of the balls behavior is illustrated by using an example, viz. a ball bearing of cryogenic engine turbopump. Indeed, the dissipated power is one of the main concerns in this particular case. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 41 (13 ULg) The Role of Companies in Smart City Initiatives: The Case of BelgiumAndre, Anne-Marie; Crutzen, Nathalie in Economia (2017)Detailed reference viewed: 40 (2 ULg) Dynamics and emissions of N2O in groundwater: A reviewJurado Elices, Anna ; Borges, Alberto ; Brouyère, Serge in Science of the Total Environment (2017), 584-585CThis work reviews the concentrations, the dynamics and the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) in groundwater. N2O is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) and the primary stratospheric ozone depleting substance ... [more ▼]This work reviews the concentrations, the dynamics and the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) in groundwater. N2O is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) and the primary stratospheric ozone depleting substance. The major anthropogenic source that contributes to N2O generation in aquifers is agriculture because the use of fertilizers has led to the widespread groundwater contamination by inorganic nitrogen (N) (mainly nitrate, NO3−). Once in the aquifer, this inorganic N is transported and affected by several geochemical processes that produce and consume N2O. An inventory of dissolved N2O concentrations is presented and the highest dissolved concentration is about 18.000 times higher than air-equilibrated water (up to 4004 μg N L-1). The accumulation of N2O in groundwater is mainly due to denitrification and to lesser extent to nitrification. Their occurrence depend on the geochemical (e.g., NO3−, dissolved oxygen, ammonium and dissolved organic carbon) as well as hydrogeological parameters (e.g., groundwater table fluctuations and aquifer permeability). The coupled understanding of both parameters is necessary to gain insight on the dynamics and the emissions of N2O in groundwater. Overall, groundwater indirect N2O emissions seem to be a minor component of N2O emissions to the atmosphere. Further research might be devoted to evaluate the groundwater contribution to the indirect emissions of N2O because this will help to better constraint the N2O global budget and, consequently, the N budget. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 42 (0 ULg) Morphology of the filtration apparatus of three planktivorous fishes and relation with ingested anthropogenic particlesCollard, France ; Gilbert, Bernard ; Eppe, Gauthier et alin Marine Pollution Bulletin (2017)Anthropogenic particles (APs), including microplastics, are ingested by a wide variety of marine organisms. Exposure of Clupeiformes (e.g. herrings, anchovies, sardines) is poorly studied despite their ... [more ▼]Anthropogenic particles (APs), including microplastics, are ingested by a wide variety of marine organisms. Exposure of Clupeiformes (e.g. herrings, anchovies, sardines) is poorly studied despite their economic and ecological importance. This study aims to describe the morphology of the filtration apparatus of three wild-caught Clupeiformes (Sardina pilchardus, Clupea harengus and Engraulis encrasicolus) and to relate the results to ingested APs. Consequently, the species with the more efficient filtration apparatus will be more likely to ingest APs. We hypothesized that sardines were the most exposed species. The filtration area and particle retention threshold were determined in the three species, with sardines displaying the highest filtration area and the closest gill rakers. Sardines ingested more fibers and smaller fragments, confirming that it is the most efficient filtering species. These two results lead to the conclusion that, among the three studied, the sardine is the species most exposed to APs. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 176 (5 ULg) Habitat selection and reproduction of newts in networks of fish and fishless aquatic patchesWinandy, Laurane ; Legrand, Pauline ; Denoël, Mathieu in Animal Behaviour (2017), 123The spatial distribution of organisms in patchy environments can be determined by the relationship between habitat quality and animal behaviour. In species with complex life cycles, such as pond-breeding ... [more ▼]The spatial distribution of organisms in patchy environments can be determined by the relationship between habitat quality and animal behaviour. In species with complex life cycles, such as pond-breeding amphibians, the selection of a suitable wetland is crucial. While the traditional view of amphibian ecology suggests strong site fidelity and low vagility, more recent research highlights mechanisms involving active site choice through avoidance behaviour and bet-hedging strategies in heterogeneous environments. The introduction of fish to the aquatic environment is one of the factors that may alter site selection and lead to local dispersal. In this context, we investigated the habitat choice of Alpine newts, Ichthyosaura alpestris, in networks of fish (Carassius auratus) and fishless aquatic patches. Using a laboratory design consisting of aquaria divided into two water tanks connected by a terrestrial platform, we assessed newt distribution and movement between patches. During the breeding period, we compared the reproductive success of individuals in two types of networks. We found that newts escaped fish by rapidly changing aquatic patches and then aggregating in safe aquatic patches that were free of fish. In the fish network, newts maintained reproduction, but the high local abundance resulted in decreased sexual activity and egg production and increased use of the terrestrial habitat. However, in the fishless network, newts moved between aquatic patches several times, exhibited more courtship behaviour and laid more eggs than they did in the fish networks. Our results showed both adaptive habitat switching due to environmental risks in the fish network and habitat supplementation (i.e. use of alternative resources) in the fishless network. Such studies on movement behaviour and habitat selection have conservation implications in showing that the persistence of native species in invaded networks depends on the rescue effect, with immigration to fish-free habitats potentially preventing local extinction. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 48 (15 ULg) Assessment of vitamin D status - a changing landscape.Herrmann, Markus; Farrell, Christopher-John L.; Pusceddu, Irene et alin Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine (2017)In recent years it has been shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased incidence as well as the progression of a broad range of diseases including osteoporosis, rickets ... [more ▼]In recent years it has been shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased incidence as well as the progression of a broad range of diseases including osteoporosis, rickets, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis and cancer. Consequently, requests for the assessment of vitamin D status have increased dramatically. Despite significant progress in the analysis of vitamin D metabolites and an expansion of our pathophysiological knowledge of vitamin D, the assessment of vitamin D status remains a challenging and partially unresolved issue. Current guidelines from scientific bodies recommend the measurement of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) in blood as the preferred test. However, growing evidence indicates significant limitations of this test, including analytical aspects and interpretation of results. In addition, the relationships between 25-OHD and various clinical indices, such as bone mineral density and fracture risk, are rather weak and not consistent across races. Recent studies have systematically investigated new markers of vitamin D status including the vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) (ratio between 25-OHD and 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D), bioavailable 25-OHD [25-OHD not bound to vitamin D binding protein (DBP)], and free 25-OHD [circulating 25-OHD bound to neither DBP nor albumin (ALB)]. These parameters may potentially change how we will assess vitamin D status in the future. Although these new biomarkers have expanded our knowledge about vitamin D metabolism, a range of unresolved issues regarding their measurement and the interpretation of results prevent their use in daily practice. It can be expected that some of these issues will be overcome in the near future so that they may be considered for routine use (at least in specialized centers). In addition, genetic studies have revealed several polymorphisms in key proteins of vitamin D metabolism that affect the circulating concentrations of vitamin D metabolites. The affected proteins include DBP, 7-dehydrocholesterol synthase and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Here we aim to review existing knowledge regarding the biochemistry, physiology and measurement of vitamin D. We will also provide an overview of current and emerging biomarkers for the assessment of vitamin D status, with particular attention methodological aspects and their usefulness in clinical practice. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 25 (4 ULg) Oral contraceptive and acute intestinal ischemia with mesenteric venous thrombosis: a case reportBELIARD, Aude ; VERRETH, Lucie; GRANDJEAN, Pascalein Open Access Journal of Contraception (2017), 8Background: Venous thrombosis is a serious complication of combined contraceptive. However, mesenteric venous thrombosis and intestinal necrosis are infrequently seen in women using oral contraceptives ... [more ▼]Background: Venous thrombosis is a serious complication of combined contraceptive. However, mesenteric venous thrombosis and intestinal necrosis are infrequently seen in women using oral contraceptives and diagnosis is often delayed. Case presentation: We report a case of a 38-year-old obese female patient who presented with acute abdominal pain. A bowel infection was first diagnosed and treated with antibiotics. Contrast-enhanced tomography of the abdomen revealed diffuse ischemia of small intestine with superior mesenteric thrombosis. Laparotomy with segmental resection of both small and large bowel was performed. No predisposing factor of mesenteric venous thrombosis was demonstrated except association of combined contraceptive with obesity. Conclusion: This report highlights the need for clinicians to suspect venous mesenteric thrombosis in women of reproductive age with acute abdominal pain with poor physical findings. Detailed personal history including prescriptions should help to quickly and accurately determine the problem. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 24 (3 ULg) Usutu virus, Belgium, 2016Garigliany, Mutien-Marie ; Linden, Annick ; Gilliaux, Gautier et alin Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics of Infectious Diseases (2017), 48(1), 116-119During late summer 2016, in a northwest European region extending over Belgium, the Netherlands and the eastern border of the German state of North Rhine Westphalia, an outbreak of wild bird deaths ... [more ▼]During late summer 2016, in a northwest European region extending over Belgium, the Netherlands and the eastern border of the German state of North Rhine Westphalia, an outbreak of wild bird deaths occurred similar to those reported on the continent since 1996. Dead birds were necropsied and examined by complementary methods. Pathologic and immunohistological investigations strongly suggested an infection by Usutu virus. Subsequently, genomic segments of the said virus were detected, the virus was isolated and its complete genome was sequenced. The strain, designated Usutu-LIEGE, is a close phylogenetic relative of those isolated in Germany which form a distinct group within the USUV phylogeny, the so-called Europe_3 lineage. Should this outbreak recapitulate the characteristics of those in southwest Germany in 2011 and in/around Vienna (Austria) in 2001, it is expected that specific avian populations in the affected area will face a significant reduction in size for a few years. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 23 (6 ULg) Habitat selection by marine larvae in changing chemical environmentsLecchini, David; Dixson, Danielle L.; Lecellier, Gael et alin Marine Pollution Bulletin (2017), 114The replenishment and persistence of marine species is contingent on dispersing larvae locating suitable habitat and surviving to a reproductive stage. Pelagic larvae rely on environmental cues to make ... [more ▼]The replenishment and persistence of marine species is contingent on dispersing larvae locating suitable habitat and surviving to a reproductive stage. Pelagic larvae rely on environmental cues to make behavioural decisions with chemical information being important for habitat selection at settlement. We explored the sensory world of crustaceans and fishes focusing on the impact anthropogenic alterations (ocean acidification, red soil, pesticide) have on conspecific chemical signals used by larvae for habitat selection. Crustacean (Stenopus hispidus) and fish (Chromis viridis) larvae recognized their conspecifics via chemical signals under control conditions. In the presence of acidified water, red soil or pesticide, the ability of larvae to chemically recognize conspecific cues was altered. Our study highlights that recruitment potential on coral reefs may decrease due to anthropogenic stressors. If so, populations of fishes and crustaceans will continue their rapid decline; larval recruitment will not replace and sustain the adult populations on degraded reefs. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 13 (1 ULg) Vous êtes formidablesRADERMECKER, Régis in Revue de l'Association Belge du Diabète (2017), 60Detailed reference viewed: 14 (0 ULg) Impact of food type on respiration, fractionation and turnover of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in the marine amphipod Gammarus aequicauda (Martynov, 1931).Remy, François ; Darchambeau, François ; Melchior, Aurélie et alin Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology (2017), 486This study experimentally determined the impact of food source type on turnover rate and trophic enrichment factors (TEFs or ∆) of δ13C and δ15N, as well as on respiration rate, in captive populations of ... [more ▼]This study experimentally determined the impact of food source type on turnover rate and trophic enrichment factors (TEFs or ∆) of δ13C and δ15N, as well as on respiration rate, in captive populations of the marine amphipod Gammarus aequicauda. Gammarus aequicauda (318 individuals) were fed ad libitum with three food sources animal, algae, and dead Posidonia oceanica leaves (also called “litter”), varying in palatability, digestibility, nutritional qualities and isotopic compositions, for between four and six weeks in a controlled feeding experiment. The resulting death rate was lower for the amphipods fed with animal treatment (30.9%) than for individuals fed with algal (65.9%) or litter treatment (64.4%), indicating a better fitness of the individuals fed with the animal food source. Respiration rates also differed highly among the treatments. Animal treatment showed higher respiration rates than algal and litter treatments, potentially due to the toxicity of the algae and the very low nutritional quality of the litter. Amphipods fed with these treatments might have entered in a “low activity state” to cope with these unsuitable food sources, inducing low respiration rates. Due to the very low assimilation and toxicity of the algae source, turnover rate for δ13C was impossible to determine. Turnover rate for δ13C was much faster (half-life = 12.55 days) for amphipods fed with the animal food source than for amphipods fed with litter (half-life = 51.62 days), showing the faster assimilation of the most nutritionally optimal food sources by G. aequicauda. Turnover for δ15N was impossible to determine because the amphipods were already at isotopic equilibrium at the beginning of the experiment. Despite the detritus feeder status of Gammarus aequicauda, TEFs for the animal treatments were in accordance with values generally found for carnivorous organisms (∆13C = 0.9 ± 0.7‰; ∆15N = 2.9 ± 0.6‰). TEFs for the litter treatment were in accordance with values generally corresponding to detritivorous organisms (∆13C = 1.2‰; ∆15N = 1.0 ± 0.4‰). SIAR mixing model outputs obtained with these new TEF values were more constrained and coherent than outputs obtained with general literature TEFs. This study thus demonstrated the non-negligible impact of the food source on Gammarus aequicauda physiological status, fitness and turnover rates, but also on TEFs—highlighting the importance of TEF experimental calculations for every potential food source of a given organism to ensure more robust isotopic data interpretation. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 41 (9 ULg) THE LACTOPEROXIDASE SYSTEM, A NATURAL BIOCHEMICAL BIOCONTROL AGENT FOR PRE- AND POST-HARVEST APPLICATIONSBafort, Françoise ; Parisi, Olivier ; Perraudin, Jean-Paul et alin Journal of Phytopathology (2017), 165(1), 22-34Detailed reference viewed: 18 (4 ULg) La gestion des ressources publiques : acteurs, enjeux et processusPiron, Damien ; Weerts, Audrey ; Wintgens, Sophie in Pyramides : Revue du Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Administration Publique (2017), 28Detailed reference viewed: 28 (4 ULg) A Machine Learning-Based Approximation of Strong BranchingMarcos Alvarez, Alejandro ; Louveaux, Quentin ; Wehenkel, Louis in INFORMS Journal on Computing (2017), 29(1), 185-195We present in this paper a new generic approach to variable branching in branch-and-bound for mixed- integer linear problems. Our approach consists in imitating the decisions taken by a good branching ... [more ▼]We present in this paper a new generic approach to variable branching in branch-and-bound for mixed- integer linear problems. Our approach consists in imitating the decisions taken by a good branching strategy, namely strong branching, with a fast approximation. This approximated function is created by a machine learning technique from a set of observed branching decisions taken by strong branching. The philosophy of the approach is similar to reliability branching. However, our approach can catch more complex aspects of observed previous branchings in order to take a branching decision. The experiments performed on randomly generated and MIPLIB problems show promising results. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 126 (10 ULg) Factors controlling spatial and temporal patterns of multiple pesticide compounds in groundwater (Hesbaye chalk aquifer, Belgium)Hakoun, Vivien; Orban, Philippe ; Dassargues, Alain et alin Environmental Pollution (2017)Factors governing spatial and temporal patterns of pesticide compounds (pesticides and metabolites) concentrations in chalk aquifers remain unclear due to complex flow processes and multiple sources. To ... [more ▼]Factors governing spatial and temporal patterns of pesticide compounds (pesticides and metabolites) concentrations in chalk aquifers remain unclear due to complex flow processes and multiple sources. To uncover which factors govern pesticide compound concentrations in a chalk aquifer, we develop a methodology based on time series analyses, uni- and multivariate statistics accounting for concentrations below detection limits. The methodology is applied to long records (1996–2013) of a restricted compound (bentazone), three banned compounds (atrazine, diuron and simazine) and two metabolites (deethylatrazine (DEA) and 2,6–dichlorobenzamide (BAM)) sampled in the Hesbaye chalk aquifer in Belgium. In the confined area, all compounds had non-detects fractions >80%. By contrast, maximum concentrations exceeded EU’s drinking-water standard (100 ngL-1) in the unconfined area. This contrast confirms that recent recharge and polluted water did not reach the confined area, yet. Multivariate analyses based on variables representative of the hydrogeological setting revealed higher diuron and simazine concentrations in the southeast of the unconfined area, where urban activities dominate land use and where the aquifer lacks protection from a less permeable layer of hardened chalk. At individual sites, positive correlations (up to τ =0,48 for bentazone) between pesticide compound concentrations and multi-annual groundwater level fluctuations confirm occurrences of remobilization. A downward temporal trend of atrazine concentrations likely reflects decreasing use of this compound over the last 28 years. However, the lack of a break in concentrations time series and maximum concentrations of atrazine, simazine, DEA and BAM exceeding EU’s standard post-ban years provide evidence of persistence. Contrasting upward trends in bentazone concentrations show that a time lag is required for restriction measures to be efficient. These results shed light on factors governing pesticide compound concentrations in chalk aquifers. The developed methodology is not restricted to chalk aquifers, it could be transposed to study other pollutants with concentrations below detection limits. Several factors govern pesticide compounds concentrations in the chalk: hydrogeological setting, land use, groundwater level fluctuations and persistence. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 42 (7 ULg) Novel strategies for improving hematopoietic reconstruction after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or intensive chemotherapy.Baron, Frédéric ; Nagler, Arnonin Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy (2017)INTRODUCTION: High-dose conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) as well as intensive poly-chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induce prolonged periods ... [more ▼]INTRODUCTION: High-dose conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) as well as intensive poly-chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induce prolonged periods of neutropenia. The duration of the neutropenia is particularly long following umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT). Areas covered: After briefly reviewing the impact of hematopoietic growth factors administration to hasten hematologic reconstitution after allo-HCT or intensive AML chemotherapy, this article summarizes recent approaches that have been investigated to prompt hematologic reconstruction after UCBT or intensive AML chemotherapy. Expert opinion: In the allo-HCT setting, administration of G-CSF or GM-CSF shortened the duration of the neutropenia but failed to decrease infection-related mortality or to improve survival. Novel approaches to hasten hematological reconstruction after UCBT such as double UCBT with expansion of one of the 2 UCB units with Notch ligand, mesenchymal stromal cells, nicotinamide, or StemRegenin 1, co-transplanting a single UCB unit with HLA-haploidentical CD34+ cells, or increasing UCB HSC homing to marrow niches via direct intra bone UCB administration, pulse treatment with dmPGE2 or enforced fucosylation are promising and deserve further investigations in prospective phase III studies. In the AML setting, G-CSF or GM-CSF administration after intensive chemotherapy decreased the duration of the neutropenia without improving survival. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 13 (3 ULg) Transdifferentiation of Neuroendocrine Cells: Gangliocytoma Associated With Two Pituitary Adenomas of Different Lineage in MEN1.Sergeant, Camille; Jublanc, Christel; Leclercq, Delphine et alin American Journal of Surgical Pathology (2017)Gangliocytomas are rare and benign neuronal cell tumors, mostly found in the hypothalamic and sellar regions. Their histogenesis is still the subject of discussions. Herein we present a unique case of a ... [more ▼]Gangliocytomas are rare and benign neuronal cell tumors, mostly found in the hypothalamic and sellar regions. Their histogenesis is still the subject of discussions. Herein we present a unique case of a pituitary gangliocytoma associated with a prolactinoma and a corticotroph adenoma in a patient affected by MEN1. The histologic study revealed shared features between adenomatous and neuronal cells, supporting the etiological hypothesis of a common origin or a phenomenon of transdifferentiation. Furthermore, gangliocytoma could be a new tumor related to MEN1. The clinical and histologic observations are discussed and the literature on the topic is reviewed. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 12 (3 ULg) Relevant Animal Models in Dermatophyte ResearchCambier, Ludivine ; Heinen, Marie-Pierre ; Mignon, Bernard in Mycopathologia (2017), 182(1), 229-240Detailed reference viewed: 19 (4 ULg) Evaluation d'un itinéraire clinique pour collectomie gauche en chirurgie abdominaleMattart, Laurine; Stevens, Marie; Magis, David et alin Revue Médicale de Liège (2017), 72(1), 45-50Fin 2008, l’itinéraire clinique (IC) «colectomie gauche» a été mis en place au sein de la Clinique Saint-Joseph (CHC) de Liège. Une série de 213 patients présentant une pathologie bénigne ou maligne ... [more ▼]Fin 2008, l’itinéraire clinique (IC) «colectomie gauche» a été mis en place au sein de la Clinique Saint-Joseph (CHC) de Liège. Une série de 213 patients présentant une pathologie bénigne ou maligne nécessitant une résection du côlon gauche par laparoscopie a été incluse dans cet IC entre 2009 et 2015. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’observance du protocole de l’IC ainsi qu’aux taux de complications et de ré-hospitalisations dans les 30 jours post-opératoires. Nous avons constaté, après comparaison avec un groupe témoin historique, que l’adhésion au protocole IC a été d’emblée excellente (> 80 %) tout au long de la durée de l’étude. Il n’y a pas eu de modification du taux de ré-hospitalisations et le taux de lâchage de suture a été réduit. Bien que la diminution de la durée de séjour n’était pas l’objectif premier lors de la mise en place de cet IC, elle s’est significativement réduite passant, en moyenne, de 8 à 4 jours. En conclusion, l’introduction d’un IC, pour autant qu’il soit bien préparé et rassemble dans le même objectif l’ensemble des acteurs de soins, est directement bénéfique pour le patient et la qualité de sa prise en charge. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 21 (1 ULg) Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in proximal (type A) aortic dissection: Ready for a broader application?Nienaber, Christoph A.; Sakalihasan, Natzi ; Clough, Rachel E. et alin Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (The) (2017)OBJECTIVE: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has demonstrated encouraging results and is gaining increasing acceptance as a treatment option for aortic aneurysms and dissections. Yet, its role ... [more ▼]OBJECTIVE: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has demonstrated encouraging results and is gaining increasing acceptance as a treatment option for aortic aneurysms and dissections. Yet, its role in managing proximal aortic pathologies is unknown-this is important because in proximal (Stanford type A) aortic dissections, 10% to 30% are not accepted for surgery and 30% to 50% are technically amenable for TEVAR. We describe our case series of type A aortic dissections treated by using TEVAR. METHODS: Between year 2009 and 2016, 12 patients with acute, subacute, or chronic type A aortic dissection with the proximal entry tear located between the coronaries and brachiocephalic artery were treated with TEVAR at 3 centers. Various stent-graft configurations were used to seal the proximal entry tear in the ascending aorta under rapid pacing. RESULTS: A total of 12 patients (9 male, 3 female), mean age 81 +/- 7 years, EuroSCORE II 9.1 +/- 4.5, underwent TEVAR for the treatment of type A aortic dissection. Procedural success was achieved in 11 of 12 patients (91.7%). There was 1 minor stroke and 1 intraprocedural death. No additional deaths were reported at 30 days. At 36 months, there were 4 further deaths (all from nonaortic causes). The mean survival of these 4 deceased was 23 months (range 15-36 months). Follow-up computed tomography demonstrated favorable aortic remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: TEVAR is feasible and reveals promising early results in selected patients with type A aortic dissection who are poor candidates for surgical repair. The current iteration of stent-graft technology, however, needs to be adapted to features specific to the ascending aorta. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 14 (1 ULg) Fluvial archives, a valuable record of vertical crustal deformationDemoulin, Alain ; Mather, Anne; Whittaker, Alexanderin Quaternary Science Reviews (2017)The study of drainage network response to uplift is important not only for understanding river system dynamics and associated channel properties and fluvial landforms, but also for identifying the nature ... [more ▼]The study of drainage network response to uplift is important not only for understanding river system dynamics and associated channel properties and fluvial landforms, but also for identifying the nature of crustal deformation and its history. In recent decades, geomorphic analysis of rivers has proved powerful in elucidating the tectonic evolution of actively uplifting and eroding orogens. Here, we review the main recent developments that have improved and expanded qualitative and quantitative information about vertical tectonic motions (the effects of horizontal deformation are not addressed). Channel long profiles have received considerable attention in the literature, and we briefly introduce basic aspects of the behaviour of bedrock rivers from field and numerical modelling perspectives, before describing the various metrics that have been proposed to identify the information on crustal deformation contained within their steady-state characteristics. Then, we review the literature dealing with the transient response of rivers to tectonic perturbation, through the production of knickpoints propagating through the drainage network. Inverse modelling of river profiles for uplift in time and space is also shown to be very effective in reconstructing regional tectonic histories. Finally, we present a synthetic morphometric approach for deducing the tectonic record of fluvial landscapes. As well as the erosional imprint of tectonic forcing, sedimentary deposits, such as fluvial terrace staircases, are also considered as a classical component of tectonic geomorphology. We show that these studies have recently benefited from rapid advances in dating techniques, allowing more reliable reconstruction of incision histories and estimation of incision rates. The combination of progress in the understanding of transient river profiles and larger, more rigorous data sets of terrace ages has led to improved understanding of river erosion and the implications for terrace profile correlation, i.e., extrapolation of local data to entire profiles. Finally, planform changes in fluvial systems are considered at the channel scale in alluvial rivers and regional level in terms of drainage reorganisation. Examples are given of how numerical modelling can efficiently combine with topographic data to shed new light on the (dis)equilibrium state of drainage systems across regional drainage divides. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 20 (2 ULg) L’IMAGE DU MOIS.Une tumeur cardiaque indéterminéeRADERMECKER, Régis ; RENSON, Virginie ; Delvenne, Philippe et alin Revue Médicale de Liège (2017), 72(1), 4-5Detailed reference viewed: 18 (0 ULg) Organic Farming and Small-Scale Farmers: Main Opportunities and ChallengesJouzi, Zeynab; Azadi, Hossein ; Taheri, Fatemeh et alin Ecological Economics (2017), 132(February 2017), 144-154Producing enough food to meet the needs of a growing population has always been the greatest concern of food policy-makers around the world. Given the increasing attention to organic farming (OF), we ... [more ▼]Producing enough food to meet the needs of a growing population has always been the greatest concern of food policy-makers around the world. Given the increasing attention to organic farming (OF), we conducted this study to investigate the main opportunities and challenges of the food production system of small-scale farmers in developing countries with an emphasis on their livelihoods. The study showed that the most significant advantages of OF are environmental protection and a higher resilience to environmental changes, increasing farmers' income and reducing external input cost, enhancing social capacity and increasing employment opportunities. A s well as enhancing food security primarily by increasing the food purchasing power of local people. However, the main challenges of this food production system include lower yields in comparison to conventional systems, difficulties with soil nutrient management, certification and market barriers, and the educational and research needs of small-holders. The paper concludes that even though OF might present some significant challenges to small-scale farmers, it could/should still be considered as a part of the solution and means of improving their livelihoods. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 28 (6 ULg) Systématiser les associations. Le concept hjelmslévien de paradigme et son héritage greimassienBadir, Sémir ; Cigana, Lorenzo in Signata. Annales des Sémiotiques = Annals of Semiotics (2017), 8This paper aims to explore the notion of “paradigm” by following its development in the epistemology of linguistics and semiotics of the twentieth century through three landmarks: its first use within ... [more ▼]This paper aims to explore the notion of “paradigm” by following its development in the epistemology of linguistics and semiotics of the twentieth century through three landmarks: its first use within linguistics, by Ferdinand de Saussure, its redefinition by Louis Hjelmslev, and its reinterpretation in textual semiotics by Algirdas J. Greimas. The concept of “paradigm” represents, more than others, the very target of structuralist theorisation. Marking the transition between openness and closeness of linguistic categories, it crystallises the structuralist ambition to bring the dynamic variability and richness of semiotic phenomena back to a closed, or at least stable, inventory of functional ground elements. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 12 (1 ULg) Contrasted terrace systems of the lower Moulouya river as indicator of crustal deformation in NE MoroccoRixhon, Gilles; Bartz, Melanie; El Ouahabi, Meriam et alin Journal of African Earth Sciences (2017)Detailed reference viewed: 15 (3 ULg) The role of parental anxiety sensitivity and learning experiences in children's anxiety sensitivity.Stassart, Céline ; Dardenne, Benoît ; Etienne, Anne-Marie in British Journal of Developmental Psychology (2017)This study evaluated the impact of the mother’s and father’s anxiety sensitivity (AS) andlearning experiences on children’s AS, and the inﬂuence of two moderators: the children’sfemininity orientation and ... [more ▼]This study evaluated the impact of the mother’s and father’s anxiety sensitivity (AS) andlearning experiences on children’s AS, and the inﬂuence of two moderators: the children’sfemininity orientation and the children’s emotional intelligence (EI). The samplecomprised 200 non-clinical children, aged 9–13 years, and their parents (mothers andfathers). Results revealed that the effect of parental AS on children’s AS is moderated bythe children’s EI for maternal AS and by their femininity traits for paternal AS. Learningexperiences following somatic sensations inﬂuenced the children’s level of AS. Morespeciﬁcally, special attention by parents following a child’s somatic sensations (reinforce-ment and transmission of information) was associated with high AS in children. Parentalreactions of fear following a parent’s somatic sensations (modelling) seem to predicthigher scores for AS when the link is moderated by the child’s femininity orientation. Theimplications of these ﬁndings are discussed. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 15 (2 ULg) Poor Performance of a Retrofitted Downstream Bypass Revealed by the Analysis of Approaching Behaviour in Combination with a Trapping SystemOvidio, Michaël ; Dierckx, Arnaud ; Bunel, Sarah et alin River Research & Applications (2017), 33The implementation of fish downstream migration bypass systems is still a major challenge, and there is interest in validating the adequacy of different configurations of bypass devices. In the Amblève ... [more ▼]The implementation of fish downstream migration bypass systems is still a major challenge, and there is interest in validating the adequacy of different configurations of bypass devices. In the Amblève River (Belgium), a mobile 3.3-m height dam feeds two principal Francis and one Francis micro-turbine and is equipped with a modern vertical slot fish pass and a downstream bypass. The aim of this study was to test the bypass attraction and efficiency (i.e. percentage of fish that approach the entrance and use the bypass) for Atlantic salmon smolts. During three consecutive years, a total of 1346 smolts were equipped with a radio frequency identification tag and released from March to May upstream of the dam of Lorcé. The entrance of the downstream migration bypass was equipped with a radio frequency identification antenna in order to detect the smolts approaching. In 2014, a capture cage was also placed downstream the bypass to evaluate its efficiency. The mean percentage of detected smolts at the entrance varied from 26.2 to 39.7%. In 2014, 16.5% of the released smolts entered the bypass and were finally caught in the cage, representing 39% of the smolts detected at the entrance. More than 98% of the detections occurred during night (mainly between 9 PM and 3 AM). The searching delay near the bypass entrance varied from less than 5 min to more than 5 days (median 4.3 min). Visual observation indicated a behavioural reluctance before entering the bypass, with a shift from positive to negative rheotaxy. Our results underline the difficulty to install retrofitted bypass system on old existing hydropower plants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 50 (17 ULg) Can DEM time series produced by UAV be used to quantify diffuse erosion in an agricultural watershed?Pineux, Nathalie ; Lisein, Jonathan ; Swerts, Gilles et alin Geomorphology (2017), 280Erosion and deposition modelling should rely on field data. Currently these data are seldom available at large spatial scales and/or at high spatial resolution. In addition, conventional erosion ... [more ▼]Erosion and deposition modelling should rely on field data. Currently these data are seldom available at large spatial scales and/or at high spatial resolution. In addition, conventional erosion monitoring approaches are labour intensive and costly. This calls for the development of new approaches for field erosion data acquisition. As a result of rapid technological developments and low cost, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have recently become an attractive means of generating high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). The use of UAV to observe and quantify gully erosion is now widely established. However, in some agro-pedological contexts, soil erosion results from multiple processes, including sheet and rill erosion, tillage erosion and erosion due to harvest of root crops. These diffuse erosion processes often represent a particular challenge because of the limited elevation changes they induce. In this study,we propose to assess the reliability and development perspectives of UAV to locate and quantify erosion and deposition in a context of an agricultural watershed with silt loam soils and a smooth relief. Erosion and deposition rates derived from high resolution DEM time series are compared to field measurements. The UAV technique demonstrates a high level of flexibility and can be used, for instance, after a major erosive event. It delivers a very high resolution DEM(pixel size: 6 cm) which allows us to compute high resolution runoff pathways. This could enable us to precisely locate runoff management practices such as fascines. Furthermore, the DEMs can be used diachronically to extract elevation differences before and after a strongly erosive rainfall and be validated by field measurements. While the analysis for this study was carried out over 2 years, we observed a tendency along the slope from erosion to deposition. Erosion and deposition patterns detected at the watershed scale are also promising. Nevertheless, further development in the processing workflow of UAV data is required in order to make this technique accurate and robust enough for detecting sediment movements in an agricultural watershed affected by diffuse erosion. This area of investigation holdsmuch potential as the images processing is relatively new and expanding. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 22 (6 ULg)