Cucumber mosaic virus and host plant interactions: Which role could play satellite RNA associated with CMV: a review

in Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement = Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment [=BASE] (in press)

Validation d’un test d’inhibition auprès d’enfants présentant un trouble déficitaire de l’attention avec/sans hyperactivité

in Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science = Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement (in press)

The objective of this study was to assess the development of inhibition in 5-11 years old children with the “Stroop fruit” task (see Archibald & Kerns, 1999; Catale & Meulemans, 2005) and to examine the ... [more ▼]

The objective of this study was to assess the development of inhibition in 5-11 years old children with the “Stroop fruit” task (see Archibald & Kerns, 1999; Catale & Meulemans, 2005) and to examine the clinical value of this tool. 346 French-speaking children without any developmental disorders or learning disabilities were included in this study. A clinical group of 25 children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder was also assessed with this task. Developmental analyses on age groups show an enhancement of performance in the interference condition between 5 and 8 years old. Furthermore, results also show that the clinical group performed significantly less accurately that the control group for the interference condition, which confirms the clinical interest of this tool. [less ▲]

Study on environmental factors influencing the urea content of cow milk in Wallonia and estimation of nitrogen rejection

in BASE (in press)

Two new SB2 binaries with main sequence B-type pulsators in the Kepler field

in Astronomy and Astrophysics (in press)

Context: OB stars are important in the chemistry and evolution of the Universe, but the sample of targets well understood from an asteroseismological point of view is still too limited to provide feedback ... [more ▼]

Context: OB stars are important in the chemistry and evolution of the Universe, but the sample of targets well understood from an asteroseismological point of view is still too limited to provide feedback on the current evolutionary models. Our study extends this sample with two spectroscopic binary systems. AIMS. Our goal is to provide orbital solutions, fundamental parameters and abundances from disentangled high-resolution high signal-to-noise spectra, as well as to analyse and interpret the variations in the Kepler light curve of these carefully selected targets. This way we continue our efforts to map the instability strips of beta Cep and SPB stars using the combination of high-resolution ground-based spectroscopy and uninterrupted space-based photometry. Methods: We fit Keplerian orbits to radial velocities measured from selected absorption lines of high-resolution spectroscopy using synthetic composite spectra to obtain orbital solutions. We use revised masks to obtain optimal light curves from the original pixel-data from the Kepler satellite, which provided better long term stability compared to the pipeline processed light curves. We use various time-series analysis tools to explore and describe the nature of variations present in the light curve. Results: We find two eccentric double-lined spectroscopic binary systems containing a total of three main sequence B-type stars (and one F-type component) of which at least one in each system exhibits light variations. The light curve analysis (combined with spectroscopy) of the system of two B stars points towards the presence of tidally excited g modes in the primary component. We interpret the variations seen in the second system as classical g mode pulsations driven by the kappa mechanism in the B type primary, and explain the unexpected power in the p mode region as a result of nonlinear resonant mode excitation. [less ▲]

Evolution of the Io footprint brightness I: Far-UV observations

in Planetary and Space Science (in press)

The Io footprint (IFP) is a set of auroral spots and an extended tail resulting from the strong interaction between Io and the Jovian magnetosphere. For the first time, we present measurements of the ... [more ▼]

The Io footprint (IFP) is a set of auroral spots and an extended tail resulting from the strong interaction between Io and the Jovian magnetosphere. For the first time, we present measurements of the brightness and precipitated power for each individual spot, using the image database gathered from 1997 to 2009 with the Hubble Space Telescope in the Far-UV domain. We show that the relative brightness of the spots varies with the System III longitude of Io. Moreover, our novel measurement method based on 3D simulations of the auroral features allows to derive the precipitated energy fluxes from images on which the emission region is observed at a slant angle. Peak values as high as 2 W/m² are observed for the main spot, probably triggering a localized and sudden heating of the atmosphere. Additionally, strong brightness differences are observed from one hemisphere to another. This result indicates that the location of Io in the plasma torus is not the only parameter to control the brightness, but that the magnetic field asymmetries also play a key role. Finally, we present new data confirming that significant variations of the spots' brightness on timescales of 2-4 minutes are ubiquitous, which suggests a relationship with intermittent double layers close to Jovian surface. [less ▲]

Emotional Response to Body and Facial Feedback in Alcohol-Dependent Patients

in Alcoologie et Addictologie (in press)

Introduction: The object of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of body postures and facial expressions manipulation on subjective feelings in male alcohol dependent (ADs) divided into two ... [more ▼]

Introduction: The object of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of body postures and facial expressions manipulation on subjective feelings in male alcohol dependent (ADs) divided into two groups according to Cloninger’s typology in order to gain some understanding of their difficulties in the regulation of emotions and in interpersonal relationships. Method: Twenty type I ADs, twenty-one type II ADs, and twenty control participants adopted facial expressions and body postures according to specific instructions and maintained these positions for 10 seconds. Expressions and postures entailed anger, sadness, and happiness as well as a neutral (baseline) condition. After each expression/posture manipulation, participants evaluated their subjective emotional state (including cheerfulness, sadness, and irritation). Results: The three groups reported heightened subjective feelings in concordance with the facial and posture manipulation with no difference emerging between AD and control participants, F(1, 60) = 0.01, p = .91, or between the three groups, F(2, 59) = 1.03, p = .36. Conclusions: Similarly to control participants, ADs from the two subtypes may be responsive to the combined effect of facial and body feedback and could, subsequently, benefit from its regulative effects. [less ▲]

Structural Determinants of Specificity and Catalytic Mechanism in mammalian 25-kDa Thiamine Triphosphatase

in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects (in press)

Background: Thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) is present in most organisms and might be involved in intracellular signaling. In mammalian cells, the cytosolic ThTP level is controlled by a specific thiamine ... [more ▼]

Background: Thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) is present in most organisms and might be involved in intracellular signaling. In mammalian cells, the cytosolic ThTP level is controlled by a specific thiamine triphosphatase (ThTPase), belonging to the CYTH superfamily of proteins. CYTH proteins are present in all superkingdoms of life and act on various triphosphorylated substrates. Methods: Using crystallography, mass spectrometry and mutational analysis, we identified the key structural determinants of the high specificity and catalytic efficiency of mammalian ThTPase. Results: Triphosphate binding requires three conserved arginines while the catalytic mechanism relies on an unusual lysine-tyrosine dyad. By docking of the ThTP molecule in the active site, we found that Trp-53 should interact with the thiazole part of the substrate molecule, thus playing a key role in substrate recognition and specificity. Sea anemone and zebrafish CYTH proteins, which retain the corresponding Trp residue, are also specific ThTPases. Surprisingly, the whole chromosome region containing the ThTPase gene is lost in birds. Conclusion: The specificity for ThTP is linked to a stacking interaction between the thiazole heterocycle of thiamine and a tryptophan residue. The latter likely plays a key role in the secondary acquisition of ThTPase activity in early metazoan CYTH enzymes, in the lineage leading from cnidarians to mammals. General significance: We show that ThTPase activity is not restricted to mammals as previously thought but is an acquisition of early metazoans. This, and the identification of critically important residues, allows us to draw an evolutionary perspective of the CYTH family of proteins. [less ▲]

A new Lower Cretaceous ichthyosaur from Russia reveals skull shape conservatism within Ophthalmosaurinae

in Geological Magazine (in press)

Ophthalmosaurinae is a recently recognized clade of derived ichthyosaurs (marine reptiles) ranging from the Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) to the late Albian (late Early Cretaceous). Whereas the Middle-Late ... [more ▼]

Ophthalmosaurinae is a recently recognized clade of derived ichthyosaurs (marine reptiles) ranging from the Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) to the late Albian (late Early Cretaceous). Whereas the Middle-Late Jurassic ophthalmosaurine Ophthalmosaurus is often regarded as a hyperspecialized deep diver, very little is known about the anatomy, evolutionary history, and ecology of Cretaceous ophthalmosaurines because of the scarcity of the fossils and the lack of well-preserved skull material. Here, we describe the skull of a new basal ophthalmosaurine ichthyosaur, Leninia stellans gen. et sp. nov., from the lower Aptian of western Russia, and compare the ocular characteristics of ophthalmosaurids. Leninia is recovered as a basal ophthalmosaurine; it possesses unique traits such as star-shaped frontal–parietal sutures as well as features previously thought to be unique to Ophthalmosaurus such as a supratemporal–stapes contact. A large sclerotic aperture – significantly bigger than in platypterygiine ophthalmosaurids and similar to that of the largest-eyed modern animals (giant and colossal squids) – and reduced dentition appear widespread within ophthalmosaurines. This conservatism suggests ophthalmosaurine ophthalmosaurids occupied similar ecological niche(s) throughout their long evolutionary history. [less ▲]

L’acte incendiaire, son sujet et sa signification : propositions à partir du Saint Genet de Jean-Paul Sartre

in Annales Médico-Psychologiques (in press)

Objectives In this paper we studied fire setters with the hermeneutics’ method from the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre. In the psychobiography of Jean Genet, the philosopher raises issues of the ... [more ▼]

Objectives In this paper we studied fire setters with the hermeneutics’ method from the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre. In the psychobiography of Jean Genet, the philosopher raises issues of the infractional acting and its social meaning. Methods After recalling the basic notions of international literature about fire setters (including confusion with pyromania, diagnostic problems proposed by the DSM IV and the concept of "communicative arson"), we propose phenomenological and existential clues to discuss the act and its meaning. It is the unlawful act that is analysed and more specifically the arson. We propose different analysis than the psychic causality which is inspired by psychoanalysis. The criminogenesis gives way to a questioning of identity, about the place of fire in the subject’s history and within its relationships to others. As proposed by Sartre, the paradigm of this research is to consider the meaning "as the return of the future in the present". The second field of this study is an analysis of three clinical cases. These cases are the result of a forensic practice. The method is focused on the analysis of a narrative and autobiographical production. By this way we studied the temporal process of these three arsonists. Results A comparative reading of the psychobiography of Jean Genet written by Sartre and of the situation of arsonists gives accurate information. The "criminogenesis" gives way to a questioning of identity. In this way we discuss the meaning of fire in the subject's history and within its relationship to others. We highlight the inscription of the act in the social and constitutive process of the individual. From the clinical material, the author demonstrates a link between arson and construction of identity. Identity is considered as a dialectic between “ipse” and “idem”, as suggested by Ricœur. We can therefore consider the real sense that the arson has from the perspective of the actor but also from the viewpoint of the society and these conceptions may be similar or different. In clinical practice, we recommend to pay special attention to how the fire is part of the biography of the patient. Conclusions The fascination for fire is a source of meaning which can be radically different depending on whether we consider the external interpreter (the world or the clinician) or the author of the action. The basic principles of hermeneutics, as described by Gadamer and Ricœur, are to demonstrate that the understanding and the interpretation are not only the methods used in the human sciences but are also part of the fundamental processes inherent in human nature. Hermeneutics in general is the opposite of a doctrine of truth. It rather seeks to show arbitrarily how the interpretation and the search for meaning are paradigmatic of the human experience. [less ▲]

Muscle fatigue experienced during maximal eccentric exercise is predictive of the plasma creatine kinase (CK) response

in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports (in press)

Unaccustomed eccentric exercise may cause skeletal muscle damage with an increase in plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity. Although the wide variability among individuals in CK response to standardized ... [more ▼]

Unaccustomed eccentric exercise may cause skeletal muscle damage with an increase in plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity. Although the wide variability among individuals in CK response to standardized lengthening contractions has been well described, the reasons underlying this phenomenon have not yet been understood. Therefore, this study investigated a possible correlation of the changes in muscle damage indirect markers after an eccentric exercise with the decline in muscle performance during the exercise. Twenty-seven healthy untrained male subjects performed three sets of 30 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. The muscular work was recorded using an isokinetic dynamometer to assess muscle fatigue by means of various fatigue indices. Plasma CK activity, muscle soreness, and stiffness were measured before (pre) and one day after (post) exercise. The eccentric exercise bout induced significant changes of the three muscle damage indirect markers. Large intersubject variability was observed for all criteria measured. More interestingly, the log (CKpost/CKpre) and muscle stiffness appeared to be closely correlated with the relative work decrease (r = 0.84, r2 = 0.70 and r = 0.75, r2 = 0.56, respectively). This is the first study to propose that the muscle fatigue profile during maximal eccentric protocol could predict the magnitude of the symptoms associated with muscle damage in humans. [less ▲]

Des intentions aux actes : la volition en conseil d'orientation

in L'Orientation Scolaire et Professionnelle (in press)

A model limited to motivation construct to explain the way from setting a vocational goal to its achievement cannot claim to give an account of how to overcome regulatory problems during goal striving. A ... [more ▼]

A model limited to motivation construct to explain the way from setting a vocational goal to its achievement cannot claim to give an account of how to overcome regulatory problems during goal striving. A model linking volition to motivation is needed. In particular, implementation intentions have been proved to be effective in helping the initiation of goal striving, shielding goal pursuit from unwelcome influences, and disengagement from not successful courses of action. It is proposed to extend the application of this volitional cognitive tool to career counselling. [less ▲]

Conditions, limites et conséquences de l’intervention philosophique dans la conjoncture. Althusser à l’épreuve de Rancière

in Cahiers du GRM (in press)

Virtual reality as a complementary therapy to sexual addiction treatment

in International Journal of Advanced Computer Science (in press), 3

The ideology of the British National Party

in Revue LISA : Littératures, Histoire des Idées, Images, Sociétés du Monde Anglophone = LISA e-Journal (in press)

The effect of melody and technique on the singing voice accuracy of trained singers

in Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology (in press)

A previous study highlighted the effect of vocal technique on the singing voice accuracy of trained singers (1). The intervals' precision between the notes of the tune was altered when the singers used ... [more ▼]

A previous study highlighted the effect of vocal technique on the singing voice accuracy of trained singers (1). The intervals' precision between the notes of the tune was altered when the singers used Western operatic singing technique. In order to better understand these results, we have recorded two different melodies sung with two different vocal techniques. A large panel of trained singers (N = 50) participated in the study. The analytical method described in the reference paper (1) has been applied. The results confirm the effect of vocal technique on the vocal accuracy of trained singers. In addition, these results provide an answer about the melodic effect and guide future work on the perception process of operatic voices. [less ▲]

Arsinoe II come dea attraverso le sue epiclesi cultuali

in Athenaeum : Studii Periodici di Letteratura e Storia (2014), 101.II

Dopo una introduzione storica e storiografica sul significato dei culti regali ellenistici, l’intervento esamina alcuni dei nomi divini attribuiti ad Arsinoe II nelle fonti letterarie e documentarie, con ... [more ▼]

Dopo una introduzione storica e storiografica sul significato dei culti regali ellenistici, l’intervento esamina alcuni dei nomi divini attribuiti ad Arsinoe II nelle fonti letterarie e documentarie, con l’eccezione dell’epiclesi esclusiva Philadelphos. Scopo della ricerca è 1) una valutazione delle strategie di inserimento della nuova dea nel pantheon tradizionale; 2) una riflessione sull’autoconsapevolezza degli antichi in relazione alla propria tradizione religiosa, per come essa si manifesta attraverso l’oculata manipolazione di un elemento essenziale nella definizione della divinità, qual è il nome divino. Un’Appendice elenca, in tre tabelle, tutte le denominazioni greche di Arsinoe II (esclusa Philadelphos), fornendo indicazioni sulla fonte, la sua collocazione spaziale e temporale e sulla divinità tradizionale di riferimento. [less ▲]

Cuando la Historia se hace historia: (re)creación de Pancho Villa por Nellie Campobello en los Apuntes sobre la vida militar de Francisco Villa (1940)

in Anales de Literatura Hispanoamericana (2014), 43

Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida Infantil: O Inventário Sistémico de Qualidade de Vida para Crianças

in Psicologia, Reflexão e Crítica = Psychology, Reflection and Criticism (2014), 27(2),

Introduction: Children’s quality of life evaluation has specific methodological aspects. Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Child Quality of Life Systemic ... [more ▼]

Introduction: Children’s quality of life evaluation has specific methodological aspects. Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Child Quality of Life Systemic Inventory (CQLSI), which is based on an innovative conceptual and methodological approach to quality of life self-assessment, namely by being interactive and playful, having a psychometry which operates several scores and allowing an analysis of each domain of life. Methods: 120 Portuguese children, from 8 to 12 years old. Results: Internal consistency of the four scores of the CQLSI (State, Goal, Rank and Gap) is satisfactory; all scores have their own specificity. Data show convergent validity. On the other hand, no satisfactory factorial structure was found. Conclusion: Feasibility and psychometric adequacy of the CQLSI Portuguese version seems demonstrated. [less ▲]

Reseña de "Genealogía de la literatura. De los orígenes de la literatura, construcción histórica y categorial y destrucción posmoderna de los materiales literarios", de Jesús Maestro

in Signa. Revista de la Asociación Española de Semiótica (2014), (23),

The X-ray under-luminosity of the O-type supergiants HD16691 and HD14947 revealed by XMM-Newton

in New Astronomy (2013), 25

The members of the scarce category of Of^+ supergiants present properties that are intermediate between regular O-stars and Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars. Significant similarities between these transitional stars ... [more ▼]

The members of the scarce category of Of^+ supergiants present properties that are intermediate between regular O-stars and Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars. Significant similarities between these transitional stars and WN-type objects are now clearly established, at least in the visible and near-infrared domains, pointing to common stellar wind properties. In this study, we report on the first dedicated X-ray observations of HD16691 (O4If^+) and HD14947 (O5f^+), revealing a soft thermal spectrum in agreement with the expected X-ray emission from a single O-type star. However, the X-ray luminosity of our targets is slightly lower than expected for single O-type stars, suggesting that the particular properties of their stellar wind has also a significant impact on the X-ray emission of these objects on the way to the WN category. We argue that the X-ray under-luminosity of HD16691 and HD14947 may be interpreted as the signature in X-rays of the intermediate stage between O and WR stars, as a consequence of enhanced wind density. [less ▲]

WASP-71b: a bloated hot Jupiter in an 2.9-day, prograde orbit around an evolved F8 star

in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2013), 552

We report the discovery by the WASP transit survey of a highly-irradiated, massive (2.242 +/- 0.080 MJup) planet which transits a bright (V = 10.6), evolved F8 star every 2.9 days. The planet, WASP-71b ... [more ▼]

We report the discovery by the WASP transit survey of a highly-irradiated, massive (2.242 +/- 0.080 MJup) planet which transits a bright (V = 10.6), evolved F8 star every 2.9 days. The planet, WASP-71b, is larger than Jupiter (1.46 +/- 0.13 RJup), but less dense (0.71 +/- 0.16 {\rho}Jup). We also report spectroscopic observations made during transit with the CORALIE spectrograph, which allow us to make a highly-significant detection of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. We determine the sky-projected angle between the stellar-spin and planetary-orbit axes to be {\lambda} = 20.1 +/- 9.7 degrees, i.e. the system is 'aligned', according to the widely-used alignment criteria that systems are regarded as misaligned only when {\lambda} is measured to be greater than 10 degrees with 3-{\sigma} confidence. WASP-71, with an effective temperature of 6059 +/- 98 K, therefore fits the previously observed pattern that only stars hotter than 6250 K are host to planets in misaligned orbits. We emphasise, however, that {\lambda} is merely the sky-projected obliquity angle; we are unable to determine whether the stellar-spin and planetary-orbit axes are misaligned along the line-of-sight. With a mass of 1.56 +/- 0.07 Msun, WASP-71 was previously hotter than 6250 K, and therefore might have been significantly misaligned in the past. If so, the planetary orbit has been realigned, presumably through tidal interactions with the cooling star's growing convective zone. [less ▲]

Transformation of the mitochondrial genome.

in International Journal of Developmental Biology (2013)

Performance assessment of the FAO AquaCrop model for irrigated cabbage on farmer plots in a semi-arid environment

in Agricultural Water Management (2013), 127

Small-scale irrigation initiatives are expanding rapidly in Burkina Faso. However, in many cases optimal yields are not being obtained despite the available water and the required nutrient applications ... [more ▼]

Small-scale irrigation initiatives are expanding rapidly in Burkina Faso. However, in many cases optimal yields are not being obtained despite the available water and the required nutrient applications. Local stakeholders need an easy-to-use decision-support tool to assess irrigation water use and its impact on yield. In this study, a water-driven crop model, AquaCrop, developed by FAO, was adapted for cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) using a limited dataset and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). The experiment was conducted in south-western Burkina Faso on small irrigated farmer plots, where optimal managerial conditions could not always be guaranteed. Statistical indicators – normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) and index of agreement (d) – suggested that the model is very reliable for simulating cabbage biomass yield and soil water content (low nRMSE and d-index near 1). The relationship between observed and simulated yield produced a d-index of 0.99 and an nRMSE of 1.39% (or 0.59 ton/ha). The comparison between observed and modeled soil water content gave a d-index of 0.90 and an nRMSE of 4.38% (or 9.13 mm). Also of interest was the indirect link between plant density and yield via maximum canopy cover, which can considerably simplify yield estimation. It was concluded that AquaCrop was a very useful tool for enabling local end-users to evaluate and optimize cabbage yield and irrigation water use. [less ▲]

An easy and low-cost method for preprocessing and matching small-scale amateur aerial photography for assessing agricultural land use in Burkina Faso

in International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation (2013), 23

Effects of eccentrically and concentrically biased training on mouse muscle phenotype

in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (2013)

Introduction: The molecular adaptations specifically induced by different muscle contraction types have only been partially elucidated. We previously demonstrated that eccentric contractions in human ... [more ▼]

Introduction: The molecular adaptations specifically induced by different muscle contraction types have only been partially elucidated. We previously demonstrated that eccentric contractions in human quadriceps elicited proteome modifications that suggest a muscle fiber typology adaptation. We address this question in a more systematic way by examining here the effects of different running modes on the mouse muscle proteome and the muscle fiber typology. Methods: Male adult mice (C57BL6) were randomly divided into downhill running (DHR, quadricipital eccentrically biased contractions), uphill running (UHR, quadricipital concentrically biased contractions) and untrained control (CONT) groups. Running groups performed five training sessions on an inclined treadmill for 75 to 135 min/day and the quadriceps muscles were dissected 96hours after the last session. Muscle protein extracts of DHR and UHR groups (n=4/group) were subjected to a 2D-DIGE analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. The assessment of fiber type, size and number was performed on the rectus femoris of the three groups (n=6/group) using myosin heavy chain (MHC) immunohistochemistry. Results: In the proteomic analysis, eight spots identified as the fast MHC isoforms exhibited a lower abundance in DHR compared to UHR (p<0.05, t-test). In contrast, ATP synthase subunit α and tubulin β were more expressed in DHR (p<0.05). A significant higher proportion of type I and IIa fibers was found for DHR compared to UHR or CONT groups (p<0.05, one-way ANOVA). Conclusions: Our data suggest that the eccentrically biased contractions in mice induced specific adaptations in protein expression and muscle fiber composition which may reflect a more oxidative muscle phenotype. The differences in stress placed on the muscle between both trainings may be responsible for some unique adaptations resulting from the eccentrically biased training. [less ▲]

Diversity of forensic rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) associated with decaying pig carcass in a forest biotope

in Journal of Forensic Sciences (2013)

Most forensic studies are focused on Diptera pattern colonization while neglecting Coleoptera succession. So far, little information is available on the postmortem colonization by beetles and the ... [more ▼]

Most forensic studies are focused on Diptera pattern colonization while neglecting Coleoptera succession. So far, little information is available on the postmortem colonization by beetles and the decomposition process they initiate under temperate biogeoclimatic countries. These beetles have however been referred to as being part of the entomofaunal colonization of a dead body. Forensic entomologists need increased databases detailing the distribution, ecology and phenology of necrophagous insects, including staphylinids (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). While pig carcasses are commonly used in forensic entomology studies to surrogate human decomposition and to investigate the entomofaunal succession, very few works have been conducted in Europe on large carcasses. Our work reports the monitoring of the presence of adult rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) on decaying pig carcasses in a forest biotope during four seasons (spring, summer, fall and winter). A total of 23 genera comprising 60 species of rove beetles were collected from pig carcasses. [less ▲]

Investigation on a ventilation heat recovery exchanger: Modeling and experimental validation in dry and partially wet conditions

in Energy & Buildings (2013), 62

The present paper focuses on the development and experimental validation of a model of air-to-air heat exchanger dedicated to domestic mechanical heat recovery ventilation. The proposed model describes ... [more ▼]

The present paper focuses on the development and experimental validation of a model of air-to-air heat exchanger dedicated to domestic mechanical heat recovery ventilation. The proposed model describes dry and partially wet regimes. The first part of the paper presents a semi-empirical model based on the physical characteristics of the heat recovery device and relying on empirical correlations available in the literature for the convective heat transfer coefficients. In the case of partially wet regime, a moving boundary model is applied in order to predict sensible and latent heat transfer rates. A model developed with friction factor coefficients estimated by correlations from the literature is also presented in order to predict the hydraulic performance in dry conditions. The second part of the paper describes the experimental investigation conducted on an off-the-shelf heat exchanger. Experimental data are used to tune correlations for the determination of the convective heat transfer coefficient and validate the proposed simulation model of the ventilation heat recovery exchanger in partially wet conditions. The model developed to determine the hydraulic performance with existing correlations for the friction factor coefficient does not require a calibration. Finally, examples of use of the developed model are presented, which includes coupling the model with a building simulation model, a study of the influence of the humidity on the evolution of the latent and sensible heat transfer rates and strategies to avoid freezing in the heat exchanger. [less ▲]

Production at the Curie Level of No-Carrier-Added 6-18F-Fluoro-L-Dopa

in Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine (2013), 54(7),

6-18F-fluoro-L-dopa (18F-FDOPA) has proven to be a useful radiopharmaceutical for the evaluation of presynaptic dopaminergic function using PET. In comparison to electrophilic synthesis, the no-carrier ... [more ▼]

6-18F-fluoro-L-dopa (18F-FDOPA) has proven to be a useful radiopharmaceutical for the evaluation of presynaptic dopaminergic function using PET. In comparison to electrophilic synthesis, the no-carrier-added (NCA) nucleophilic method has several advantages. These include much higher available activity and specific activity. Recently, we have described an NCA enantioselective synthesis using a chiral phase-transfer catalyst. However, some chemicals were difficult to implement into a commercially available synthesizer, restricting access to this radiopharmaceutical to only a few PET centers. Methods: In this paper, 2 important chemical improvements are proposed to simplify production of 18F-FDOPA, resulting in straightforward automation of the synthesis in a commercially available module. Results: First, a fast, simple, and reliable synthesis of 2-18F-fluoro-4,5-dimethoxybenzyl iodide on a solid phase support was developed. Second, a phase-transfer catalyst alkylation of a glycine derivative at room temperature was used to enable enantioselective carbon–carbon bond formation. After hydrolysis and high-performance liquid chromatography purification, a high enantiomeric excess of 18F-FDOPA (~97%) was obtained using a chiral catalyst available from a biphenyl 3 substrate. The total synthesis time was 63 min, and the decay-corrected radiochemical yield was 36% +/- 3% (n = 8). Conclusion: By exploiting the advantages of this NCA approach, using a starting activity of 185 GBq of NCA 18F-fluoride, high activities of 18F-FDOPA (> 45 GBq) with high specific activity (>753 GBq/mmol) are now available at the end of synthesis for use in clinical investigations. [less ▲]

Study on alternative approaches to corrosion protection of ballast tanks using an economic model

in Marine Structures (2013)

One of the most relevant problems in ship construction and maintenance nowadays is corrosion in ballast tanks of modern merchant vessels. On the one hand, there is a general consensus that the economic ... [more ▼]

One of the most relevant problems in ship construction and maintenance nowadays is corrosion in ballast tanks of modern merchant vessels. On the one hand, there is a general consensus that the economic lifespan of such a vessel depends, to a large degree, upon the corrosion state of its ballast tanks, while on the other hand these ballast tanks, located between the outer hull and the cargo tanks, makes routine inspection and maintenance a difficult task. Today, ship's ballast tanks are usually constructed in steel and protected with an epoxy coating backed up by sacrificial zinc anodes. Such a construction has been applied without significant alterations for many years. The objective of this economic study is to compare this construction method with some potential alternatives. The considered alternatives are: (1) an increase in structural scantlings, eliminating the necessity to replace corroded at a cost of real cargo carrying capacity of the ship, (2) application of the novel and more durable TSCF25 coating (3), the use of corrosion resistant steel in ship construction and (4) a standard PSPC15 coating combined with lifetime lasting aluminum sacrificial anodes. A cost model was used to evaluate these alternative options together with sensitivity analysis. It is concluded that the durable coating and the use of lifetime lasting aluminum anodes are bound to improve the actual basic tank concept. Corrosion resistant steel becomes attractive when the steel price becomes competitive. [less ▲]

Evaluation of the residual solvent content of counterfeit tablets and capsules

in Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Analysis (2013), 81-82

A group of counterfeit samples of Viagra® and Cialis® were screened for their residual solvent content and compared to the content of the genuine products. It was observed that all counterfeit samples had ... [more ▼]

A group of counterfeit samples of Viagra® and Cialis® were screened for their residual solvent content and compared to the content of the genuine products. It was observed that all counterfeit samples had higher residual solvent contents compared to the genuine products. A more diverse range of residual solvents was found as well as higher concentrations. In general these concentrations did not exceed the international imposed maximum limits. Only in a few samples the limits were exceeded. A Projection Pursuit analysis revealed clusters of samples with similar residual solvent content, possibly enabling some future perspectives in forensic research. [less ▲]

Bacillus subtilis as a tool for screening soil metagenomic libraries for antimicrobial activities

in Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (2013), 23(6), 850-855

Vortex ratchet induced by controlled edge roughness

in New Journal of Physics (2013), 15

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the generation of rectified mean vortex displacement resulting from a controlled difference between the surface barriers at the opposite borders of a ... [more ▼]

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the generation of rectified mean vortex displacement resulting from a controlled difference between the surface barriers at the opposite borders of a superconducting strip. Our investigation focuses on Al superconducting strips where, in one of the two sample borders, a saw tooth-like array of micro-indentations has been imprinted. The origin of the vortex ratchet effect is based on the fact that (i) the onset of vortex motion is mainly governed by the entrance/nucleation of vortices and (ii) the current lines bunching produced by the indentations facilitates the entrance/nucleation of vortices. Only for one current direction the indentations are positioned at the side of vortex entry and the onset of the resistive regime is lowered compared to the opposite current direction. This investigation points to the relevance of ubiquitous border effects typically neglected when interpreting vortex ratchet measurements on samples with arrays of local asymmetric pinning sites. [less ▲]

Multiscale computational homogenization methods with a gradient enhanced scheme based on the discontinuous Galerkin formulation

in Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering (2013), 260

When considering problems of dimensions close to the characteristic length of the material, the size e ects can not be neglected and the classical (so–called first–order) multiscale computational ... [more ▼]

When considering problems of dimensions close to the characteristic length of the material, the size e ects can not be neglected and the classical (so–called first–order) multiscale computational homogenization scheme (FMCH) looses accuracy, motivating the use of a second–order multiscale computational homogenization (SMCH) scheme. This second–order scheme uses the classical continuum at the micro–scale while considering second–order continuum at the macro–scale. Although the theoretical background of the second–order continuum is increasing, the implementation into a finite element code is not straightforward because of the lack of high–order continuity of the shape functions. In this work, we propose a SMCH scheme relying on the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method at the macro–scale, which simplifies the implementation of the method. Indeed, the DG method is a generalization of weak formulations allowing for inter-element discontinuities either at the C0 level or at the C1 level, and it can thus be used to constrain weakly the C1 continuity at the macro–scale. The C0 continuity can be either weakly constrained by using the DG method or strongly constrained by using usual C0 displacement–based finite elements. Therefore, two formulations can be used at the macro–scale: (i) the full–discontinuous Galerkin formulation (FDG) with weak C0 and C1 continuity enforcements, and (ii) the enriched discontinuous Galerkin formulation (EDG) with high–order term enrichment into the conventional C0 finite element framework. The micro–problem is formulated in terms of standard equilibrium and periodic boundary conditions. A parallel implementation in three dimensions for non–linear finite deformation problems is developed, showing that the proposed method can be integrated into conventional finite element codes in a straightforward and e cient way. [less ▲]

Effect of head-to-head addition in vinyl acetate controlled radical polymerization: why is Co(acac)2-mediated polymerization so much better?

in Macromolecules (2013), 46(11), 4303-4312

The controlled polymerization of vinyl acetate has been recently achieved by several techniques, but PVAc with targeted Mn and low dispersity up to very high monomer conversions and high degrees of ... [more ▼]

The controlled polymerization of vinyl acetate has been recently achieved by several techniques, but PVAc with targeted Mn and low dispersity up to very high monomer conversions and high degrees of polymerization was only obtained with Co(acac)2 as controlling agent in the so-called CMRP, a type of organometallic mediated radical polymerization (OMRP). Other techniques (including ATRP, ITP, TERP, and RAFT/MADIX) have shown a more or less pronounced slowdown in the polymerization kinetics, which was attributed to the higher strength of the C−X bond between the radical PVAc chain and the trapping agent (X) in the dormant species and to a consequent slower reactivation after a less frequent head-to-head monomer addition. The reason for the CMRP exception is clarified by the present contribution. First, a detailed investigation by 1H, 13C and multiplicity-edited HSQC and DEPT-135 NMR of the PVAc obtained by CMRP, in comparison with a regular polymer made by free radical polymerization under the same conditions, has revealed that Co(acac)2 does not significantly alter the fraction of head-to-head sequences in the polymer backbone and that there is no accumulation of Co(acac)2-capped chains with a head-to-head ω end. Hence, both dormant chains (following the head-to-head and the head-to-tail monomer additions) must be reactivated at similar rates. A DFT study shows that this is possible because the dormant chains are stabilized not only by the C−Co σ bond but also by formation of a chelate ring through coordination of the ω monomer carbonyl group. The head-to-head dormant chain contains an inherently stronger C−Co bond but forms a weaker 6-membered chelate ring, whereas the weaker C−Co bond in the head-to-tail dormant chain is compensated by a stronger 5-membered chelate ring. Combination of the two effects leads to similar activation enthalpies, as verified by DFT calculations using a variety of local, gradient-corrected, hybrid and “ad hoc” functionals (BPW91, B3PW91, BPW91*, M06 and M06L). While the BDE(C−X) of model H-VAc−X molecules [X = Cl, I, MeTe, EtOC(S)S and Co(acac)2] are functional dependent, the BDE difference between head-to-head and head-to-tail dormant chain models is almost functional insensitive, with values of 5−9 kcal/mol for the ATRP, ITP and TERP models, 3−6 for the RAFT/MADIX model, and around zero for CMRP. [less ▲]

Melting of a confined monolayer of magnetized beads

in Physical Review. E : Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics (2013)

Ice-sheet mass balance and climate change

in Nature (2013), 498

Since the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, new observations of ice-sheet mass balance and improved computer simulations of ice-sheet response to continuing climate ... [more ▼]

Since the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, new observations of ice-sheet mass balance and improved computer simulations of ice-sheet response to continuing climate change have been published. Whereas Greenland is losing ice mass at an increasing pace, current Antarctic ice loss is likely to be less than some recently published estimates. It remains unclear whether East Antarctica has been gaining or losing ice mass over the past 20 years, and uncertainties in ice-mass change for West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula remain large. We discuss the past six years of progress and examine the key problems that remain. [less ▲]

Hyperspectral imaging applications in agriculture and agro-food product quality and safety control: A review

in Applied Spectroscopy Reviews (2013), 48(2), 142-159

In this review, various applications of Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging (NIR-HSI) in agriculture and in the quality control of agro-food products are presented. NIR-HSI is an emerging technique that ... [more ▼]

In this review, various applications of Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging (NIR-HSI) in agriculture and in the quality control of agro-food products are presented. NIR-HSI is an emerging technique that combines classical NIR spectroscopy and imaging techniques in order to simultaneously obtain spectral and spatial information from a field or a sample. The technique is non-destructive, non-polluting, fast and relatively inexpensive per analysis. Currently, its applications in agriculture range from vegetation mapping, crop disease, stress and yield detection to component identification in plants and impurity detection. There is growing interest in HSI for the safety and quality assessment of agro-food products. The applications have been classified from the level of satellite images to the macroscopic, if not, molecular level. [less ▲]

L'avenir du fédéralisme en Belgique. Visions des parlementaires fédéraux et régionaux avant l'accord sur la sixième réforme de l’État

in Revue Nouvelle (2013), 6

La crise politique belge a mis à l'avant plan de la scène médiatique et politique les états-majors des partis durant la période de 541 jours sans gouvernement. Ce sont désormais les parlementaires qui ... [more ▼]

La crise politique belge a mis à l'avant plan de la scène médiatique et politique les états-majors des partis durant la période de 541 jours sans gouvernement. Ce sont désormais les parlementaires qui doivent voter les lois mettant en œuvre la sixième réforme de l’État. Toutefois, la discipline des partis empêche bien souvent ceux-ci d’exprimer en toute liberté leur vision du fédéralisme belge, surtout après qu’un accord est intervenu. Cette enquête menée auprès de tous les parlementaires du pays durant l’été 2011, soit un peu avant l’accord sur la réforme de l’État, visait précisément à questionner l’opinion des parlementaires sur leur perception de l'avenir du fédéralisme en Belgique. Dans cet article, nous présentons brièvement les résultats de cette enquête. [less ▲]

Pearls and pitfalls: Electrophysiology for primary headaches

in Cephalalgia : An International Journal of Headache (2013)

Over een toiletartikel: Hendrik van Veldekes 'Sente Servaes' en Camille Huysmans

in Spiegel der Letteren (2013), 55(2), 189-200

In 1858 J.H. Bormans published the first edition of Hendrik van Veldeke’s legend of Saint Servatius which had only just come to light. Nearly forty years later, Camille Huysmans supplied additional ... [more ▼]

In 1858 J.H. Bormans published the first edition of Hendrik van Veldeke’s legend of Saint Servatius which had only just come to light. Nearly forty years later, Camille Huysmans supplied additional information about the work’s discovery. In a humorous letter printed in the Limburgsch jaarboek (1895-1896) he revealed how one of his former teachers, during a visit to a friend’s house, had stumbled upon the fifteenth-century manuscript in the toilet, ready to be used as toilet paper. Only recently have scholars begun to cast doubt on Huysmans’s story. A closer look at Huysmans’s student career in Liège and his involvement in the association Onze Taal (Our Language) may shed new light on the origins and veracity of his account. [less ▲]

Le vote à distance des migrants mexicains : quel impact pour la diaspora dans le champ politique du pays d'origine?

in Politique Américaine (2013), 21

Dans cet article, je propose d’envisager en trois étapes les conséquences du droit de vote de la diaspora mexicaine au-delà de la réalité numérique limitée des deux dernières élections présidentielles ... [more ▼]

Dans cet article, je propose d’envisager en trois étapes les conséquences du droit de vote de la diaspora mexicaine au-delà de la réalité numérique limitée des deux dernières élections présidentielles. D’abord, j’aborde l’évolution du débat sur le droit de vote à distance sur la scène politique mexicaine et mets en lumière les craintes de la classe politique mexicaine à l’égard du poids politique de sa diaspora (particulièrement durant le régime du PRI avant 2000). Je montre également comment le processus de transition démocratique entamé à la fin du 20ème siècle in- fluence les relations entre État et diaspora et ouvre la voie à la réforme sur le droit de vote à distance. Ensuite, après avoir brièvement présenté les principales données concernant la participation politique de la diaspora en 2006 et 2012, j’examine deux hypothèses pouvant expliquer la faible mobilisation des Mexicains de l’étranger. D’une part, la législation sur le droit de vote à l’extérieur et sa mise en œuvre par les autorités électorales sont des barrières installées délibérément afin de limiter l’impact électoral d’une population sur laquelle les partis politiques ont peu de contrôle. D’autre part, j’émets l’hypothèse, grâce à différentes enquêtes d’opinion et à l’analyse du rôle des associations de migrants dans le processus d’enregistrement des électeurs, que l’intérêt à participer aux élections mexicaines n’est partagé que par une partie de la communauté émigrée. Cet article se termine par une discussion sur les évolutions du régime mexicain de vote à l’extérieur aux niveaux fédéral et régional. Ce faisant, je conclus que le droit de vote attribué à la diaspora mexicaine remplit une fonction principalement symbolique pour les autorités mexicaines en donnant l’illusion aux émigrés mexicains qu’ils continuent à faire partie de la communauté politique malgré leur absence du territoire national. [less ▲]

Principes du traitement pharmacologique de l'addiction

in Revue Médicale de Liège (2013), 68(5-6), 245-251

Parlementsleden over het Belgische federalisme

in Samenleving en Politiek : Tijdschrift voor een Democratisch Socialisme (2013), 20(6), 4-20

Tijdens de 541 dagen dat België geen volwaardige federale regering had en in een politieke crisis verkeerde, waren het vooral de partijtoppen die het politieke toneel beheersten en in de media aan bod ... [more ▼]

Tijdens de 541 dagen dat België geen volwaardige federale regering had en in een politieke crisis verkeerde, waren het vooral de partijtoppen die het politieke toneel beheersten en in de media aan bod kwamen. Intussen zijn de federale parlementsleden aan zet. Zij moeten de wetgeving stemmen die de zesde staatshervorming uitvoert. Toch verhindert de partijdiscipline heel vaak dat zij zich ongeremd uitlaten over hun visie op het federalisme in België, zeker als er een akkoord is bereikt. Dit onderzoek, dat in de zomer van 2011 werd verricht, dus voor het akkoord over de staatshervorming tot stand kwam, had precies de bedoeling om de parlementsleden te vragen naar hun perceptie van het federalisme in België. We hebben niet enkel de federale parlementsleden ondervraagd maar ook hun collega’s uit de regionale parlementen. In dit artikel bespreken we kort enkele resultaten van dit onderzoek [less ▲]

Institutionnel: au-delà des partis et des clichés. Entretien

in Revue Nouvelle (2013), 6

Entretien réalisé par Donat Carlier et Benoît Lechat à propos de l'article "L’avenir du fédéralisme en Belgique. Visions des parlementaires fédéraux et régionaux avant l’accord sur la sixième réforme de ... [more ▼]

Entretien réalisé par Donat Carlier et Benoît Lechat à propos de l'article "L’avenir du fédéralisme en Belgique. Visions des parlementaires fédéraux et régionaux avant l’accord sur la sixième réforme de l’État" [less ▲]

Le remplissement des objets idéaux. Sur la théorie du remplissement catégorial dans la VIe Recherche logique de Husserl

in Bulletin d'Analyse Phénoménologique (2013), IX(4),

Ce travail porte sur la question du remplissement des visées d’objets idéaux. Dans la VIe Recherche logique Husserl soulève cette question en introduisant un nouveau concept : le concept d’intuition ... [more ▼]

Ce travail porte sur la question du remplissement des visées d’objets idéaux. Dans la VIe Recherche logique Husserl soulève cette question en introduisant un nouveau concept : le concept d’intuition catégoriale. La connaissance des objets idéaux passe selon Husserl par un remplissement qui se réalise au moyen d’une intuition particulière, dans laquelle l’objet idéal se donne en personne, et qui s’oppose à l’intuition sensible. Dans quelle mesure une telle intuition est-elle possible ? Qu’est-ce qui est à proprement parler intuitionné en elle et comment cette intuition se rapporte-t-elle aux intuitions sensibles ? Telles sont les principales questions que je soulèverai dans cette étude. Ce travail me permettra ensuite de formuler un diagnostic sur les tensions qui persistent dans les Recherches logiques, et qui ne seront résolues que par la réduction transcendantale. [less ▲]

Parapet wall effect on Piano Key Weirs efficiency

in Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Engineering (2013), 139(6), 506-511

Piano Key Weir is a cost effective solution for rehabilitation as well as for new dam projects with a high level of constraints (limited space, high specific flood discharge, small reservoir level ... [more ▼]

Piano Key Weir is a cost effective solution for rehabilitation as well as for new dam projects with a high level of constraints (limited space, high specific flood discharge, small reservoir level variation). While the higher efficiency of the Piano Key Weir compared to standard linear weirs has already been demonstrated, its optimal geometry is still poorly defined. In order to improve the design of the complex geometry of this structure, the use of parapet walls has been tested. They consist of vertical extensions placed over the weir crest. Following a former study of the influence of the weir height on its discharge capacity, this paper presents the results of an experimental campaign dedicated to investigating the effect of parapet walls to increase weir height while reducing bottom slopes and keeping the weir height constant. These results indicate the relative influences of the alveoli bottom slopes and of the weir height on the Piano Key Weir release capacity. Comparisons with former experimental results as well as design guidelines are also provided. [less ▲]

How to define responders in osteoarthritis

in Current Medical Research & Opinion (2013), 29(6), 719-29

Background: Osteoarthritis is a clinical syndrome of failure of the joint accompanied by varying degrees of joint pain, functional limitation, and reduced quality of life due to deterioration of articular ... [more ▼]

Background: Osteoarthritis is a clinical syndrome of failure of the joint accompanied by varying degrees of joint pain, functional limitation, and reduced quality of life due to deterioration of articular cartilage and involvement of other joint structures. Scope: Regulatory agencies require relevant clinical benefit on symptoms and structure modification for registration of a new therapy as a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD). An international Working Group of the European Society on Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) and International Osteoporosis Foundation was convened to explore the current burden of osteoarthritis, review current regulatory guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials, and examine the concept of responder analyses for improving drug evaluation in osteoarthritis. Findings: The ESCEO considers that the major challenges in DMOAD development are the absence of a precise definition of the disease, particularly in the early stages, and the lack of consensus on how to detect structural changes and link them to clinically meaningful endpoints. Responder criteria should help identify progression of disease and be clinically meaningful. The ideal criterion should be sensitive to change over time and should predict disease progression and outcomes such as joint replacement. Conclusion: The ESCEO considers that, for knee osteoarthritis, clinical trial data indicate that radiographic joint space narrowing40.5mm over 2 or 3 years might be a reliable surrogate measure for total joint replacement. On-going research using techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and biochemical markers may allow the identification of these patients earlier in the disease process [less ▲]

Enhanced pinning in superconducting thin films with graded pinning landscapes

in Applied Physics Letters (2013), 102

A graded distribution of antidots in superconducting a-Mo79Ge21 thin films has been investigated by magnetization and magneto-optical imaging measurements. The pinning landscape has maximum density at the ... [more ▼]

A graded distribution of antidots in superconducting a-Mo79Ge21 thin films has been investigated by magnetization and magneto-optical imaging measurements. The pinning landscape has maximum density at the sample border, decreasing linearly towards the center. Its overall performance is noticeably superior than that for a sample with uniformly distributed antidots: For high temperatures and low fields, the critical current is enhanced, whereas the region of thermomagnetic instabilities in the field-temperature diagram is significantly suppressed. These findings confirm the relevance of graded landscapes on the enhancement of pinning efficiency, as recently predicted by Misko and Nori [Phys. Rev. B 85, 184506 (2012)]. [less ▲]

MDRD Versus CKD_EPI equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate in kidney transplant recipients

in Transplantation (2013), 95(10),

Background. The new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine-based equation was developed to address the systematic underestimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by ... [more ▼]

Background. The new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine-based equation was developed to address the systematic underestimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation in patients with a relatively well-preserved kidney function. The performance of the new equation for kidney transplant recipients is discussed. Methods. We analyzed the performances of the CKD-EPI equation in comparison with the MDRD Study equation in 825 stable kidney transplant recipients. Bias, precision, and accuracy within 30% of true GFR were determined. GFR was measured by urinary clearance of inulin (n=488) and plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA (n=337). Results. Mean measured GFR (mGFR) was 50T19 mL/min/1.73 m2. On the whole cohort, bias was significantly lower for MDRD Study equation compared with CKD-EPI creatinine. This superiority translates into a better accuracy (80% and 74% for the MDRD and CKD-EPI creatinine, respectively). The best performance of the MDRD Study equation is confirmed both in the subgroups of patients with mGFR G60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and between 60 and 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. For mGFR 990 mL/min/1.73 m2, there were no significant differences between the two equations in terms of performance. Conclusions. The CKD-EPI creatinine equation does not offer a better GFR prediction in renal transplant patients compared with the MDRD Study equation, even in the earlier CKD stages. [less ▲]

Rapid loss of firn pore space accelerates 21st century Greenland mass loss

in Geophysical Research Letters (2013), 40

Mass loss from the two major ice sheets and their contribution to global sea level rise is accelerating. In Antarctica, mass loss is dominated by increased flow velocities of outlet glaciers, following ... [more ▼]

Mass loss from the two major ice sheets and their contribution to global sea level rise is accelerating. In Antarctica, mass loss is dominated by increased flow velocities of outlet glaciers, following the thinning or disintegration of coastal ice shelves into which they flow. In contrast, ∼55% of post‒1992 Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) mass loss is accounted for by surface processes, notably increased meltwater runoff. A subtle process in the surface mass balance of the GrIS is the retention and refreezing of meltwater, currently preventing ∼40% of the meltwater to reach the ocean. Here we force a high‒resolution atmosphere/snow model with a mid‒range warming scenario (RCP4.5, 1970–2100), to show that rapid loss of firn pore space, by >50% at the end of the 21st century, quickly reduces this refreezing buffer. As a result, GrIS surface mass loss accelerates throughout the 21st century and its contribution to global sea level rise increases to 1.7 ±0.5 mm yr−1, more than four times the current value. [less ▲]