The susceptibility of bananas to crown rot disease is influenced by geographical and seasonal effects

in Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology = Revue Canadienne de Phytopathologie (2013)

Crown rot of banana fruits is caused by a complex of fungal pathogens, the most common of which is Colletotrichum musae, and is one of the main quality defects of exported bananas. Susceptibility of ... [more ▼]

Crown rot of banana fruits is caused by a complex of fungal pathogens, the most common of which is Colletotrichum musae, and is one of the main quality defects of exported bananas. Susceptibility of banana fruits to crown rot is influenced by many pre-harvest factors. The aim of this study was to improve on the methodology for the evaluation of fruit susceptibility and to verify whether cultivation areas in Cameroon as well as seasonal variations have an influence on the susceptibility to crown rot. Fruit susceptibility was evaluated on a monthly basis throughout a year (including the dry and rainy seasons) in three banana plantations located at very different agro-ecological conditions (two in a lowland area and one in a highland area). Fruit susceptibility was determined through an internal necrotic surface (INS) assessment after artificial inoculation with C. musae. The standardization of post-inoculation environmental conditions enabled more reliable INS assessments. Fruit susceptibility was found to be significantly influenced by cultivation area (P<0.001) since fruits grown in low altitude (Dia-dia, Koumba, 80 m) were more susceptible than fruits grown in high altitude (Ekona, 500 m). Although no seasonal effect was observed (P=0.075), there was a highly significant date effect (P<0.001). This was specifically the case in low altitude plantations where fruit susceptibility was higher for some harvest dates within the rainy season. In Ekona, fruit grade and number of leaves on the banana plant were found to be significantly higher than in the two other locations, while black leaf streak disease severity was significantly lower. The potential relationship with fruit susceptibility is fully discussed. [less ▲]

Dimeric bisindole alkaloids from the stem bark of Strychnos nux-vomica L.

in Phytochemistry (2013), 87

Strychnos nux-vomica L. (Loganiaceae) is famous for its monomeric alkaloid content, such as strychnine, a convulsant poison. The stem bark of the tree is traditionally used to treat intermittent fever in ... [more ▼]

Strychnos nux-vomica L. (Loganiaceae) is famous for its monomeric alkaloid content, such as strychnine, a convulsant poison. The stem bark of the tree is traditionally used to treat intermittent fever in South East Asia. In various studies, it appeared that dimeric indolo-monoterpenic alkaloids possess a promising activity on Plasmodium falciparum. Three bisindolomonoterpenic alkaloids together with strychnochrysine, previously identified in the root bark of S. nux-vomica, were isolated from the stem bark. The structures of these compounds were established using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Stereochemistry of the compounds was confirmed by molecular modelling. This then allowed the structural determination of strychnoflavine, a coloured bisindole alkaloid previously isolated from the root bark of the tree. Moreover, the conformational inversion in alkaloids possessing an ether bond in the strychnane moiety could be easily predicted by specific δ 13C NMR values. These longicaudatine-type alkaloids were found to display in vitro antiplasmodial activity against a chloroquine resistant strain and a chloroquine sensitive strain. The most interesting was strychnochrysine showing an IC 50 value at around 10 μM. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [less ▲]

Dike-break induced flows: a simplified model

in Environmental Fluid Mechanics (2013), 13(1), 89-100

A simplified model for the prediction of the steady-state outflowthrough a breach in an inland dike is presented. It consists in the application of the mass and momentum conservation principles to a ... [more ▼]

A simplified model for the prediction of the steady-state outflowthrough a breach in an inland dike is presented. It consists in the application of the mass and momentum conservation principles to a macroscopic control volume. A proper definition of the shape of the control volume enables to take the main characteristics of the flow into account and thus to compensate for the extreme simplification of the spatial representation of the model. At the breach, a relation derived from the shallow-water equations is used to determine the direction of the flow. Developments have been guided by numerical simulations and results have been compared to experimental data. Both the accuracy and the domain of validity of the simplified model are found satisfactory. [less ▲]

L'impatto del Gaio veronese sull'insegnamento del diritto romano in Belgio

in Index : Quaderni Camerti di Studi Romanistici = International Survey of Roman Law (2013), 41

1817 is the year when the palimpsest of the Institutes of Gaius was discovered. It was also the year of the founding of the universities of Liège, Ghent and Louvain. But the teaching of Roman Law has not ... [more ▼]

1817 is the year when the palimpsest of the Institutes of Gaius was discovered. It was also the year of the founding of the universities of Liège, Ghent and Louvain. But the teaching of Roman Law has not equally profited of this discovery in all universities. The great Professor Leopold August Warnkönig has played a very important role in this respect: He was professor of roman law successively in Liège, Louvain and Ghent. [less ▲]

Pharmacokinetic considerations for the treatment of diabetes in patients with chronic kidney disease.

in Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology (2013)

Introduction: People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) of stages 3 - 5 (creatinine clearance < 60 ml/min) represent approximately 25% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the problem is ... [more ▼]

Introduction: People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) of stages 3 - 5 (creatinine clearance < 60 ml/min) represent approximately 25% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the problem is underrecognized or neglected in clinical practice. However, most oral antidiabetic agents have limitations in case of renal impairment (RI), either because they require a dose adjustment or because they are contraindicated for safety reasons. Areas covered: The author performed an extensive literature search to analyze the influence of RI on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of glucose-lowering agents and the potential consequences for clinical practice. Expert opinion: As a result of PK interferences and for safety reasons, the daily dose should be reduced according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or even the drug is contraindicated in presence of severe CKD. This is the case for metformin (risk of lactic acidosis) and for many sulfonylureas (risk of hypoglycemia). At present, however, the exact GFR cutoff for metformin use is controversial. New antidiabetic agents are better tolerated in case of CKD, although clinical experience remains quite limited for most of them. The dose of DPP-4 inhibitors should be reduced (except for linagliptin), whereas both the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors are questionable in presence of CKD. [less ▲]

The interactions of apamin and tetraethylammonium are differentially affected by single mutations in the pore mouth of small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels

in Biochemical Pharmacology (2013), 85

Valine residues in the pore region of SK2 (V366) and SK3 (V520) were replaced by either an alanine or a phenylalanine to evaluate the impact on the interactions with the allosteric blocker apamin. Unlike ... [more ▼]

Valine residues in the pore region of SK2 (V366) and SK3 (V520) were replaced by either an alanine or a phenylalanine to evaluate the impact on the interactions with the allosteric blocker apamin. Unlike TEA which showed high sensitivity to phenylalanine mutated channels, the binding affinity of apamin to the phenylalanine mutants was strongly reduced. In addition, currents from phenylalanine mutants were largely resistant to block by apamin. On the other hand, when the valine residue was replaced by an alanine residue, an increase of the binding affinity and the amount of block by apamin was observed for alanine mutated SK2 channels, but not for mutated SK3 channels. Interestingly, the VA mutation reduced the sensitivity to TEA. In silico data confirmed these experimental results. Therefore, such mutations in the pore region of SK channels show that the three-dimensional structure of the SK tetramers can be disorganized in the outer pore region leading to reduced interaction of apamin with its target. [less ▲]

Stockage de carbone et flux de gaz à effet de serre en prairie (synthèse bibliographique)

in Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement = Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment [=BASE] (2013), 17(1), 103-117

Grassland carbon (C) sequestration can play an important role in mitigating total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of livestock production systems. An accurate inventory of livestock production system ... [more ▼]

Grassland carbon (C) sequestration can play an important role in mitigating total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of livestock production systems. An accurate inventory of livestock production system contribution to GHG emissions requires to think in terms of global budget, by considering both the GHG sources and the mitigation potential trough grassland soil carbon sequestration. There is a huge variability in C and GHG balances of grasslands that is mainly due to management practices and climatic conditions. The present article shows that, to reduce the uncertainties of the results, long term measurements at the field scale are necessary. Also, it shows the importance of taking the fluxes of the three main GHGs (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane) into account when calculating the GHG budget. This article also highlights the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms driving the fluxes, in relation to environmental factors and management practices, in order to propose mitigation strategies able to enhance soil carbon sequestration in soils and to reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions. [less ▲]

Sedimentology and magnetic susceptibility of Mississippian (Tournaisian) carbonate sections in Belgium

in Bulletin of Geosciences (2013), 88(1), 69-82

Magnetic susceptibility (MS) and biostratigraphy have been used to correlate better the reference sections of Belgian Tournaisian, the Rivage road and railway sections and the Gendron-Celles railway ... [more ▼]

Magnetic susceptibility (MS) and biostratigraphy have been used to correlate better the reference sections of Belgian Tournaisian, the Rivage road and railway sections and the Gendron-Celles railway section. These 200 m thick time-equivalent sections are about sixty kilometres apart and belong to two different sedimentation areas: a shallow ramp setting for Rivage (Condroz Sedimentation Area, Hance et al., 2001) and a subsiding area for Gendron (Dinant Sedimentation Area). The sedimentological model shows that both sections are characterized by a bioclastic dominated sedimentation (crinoids-peloids-algae assemblages), interrupted by more argillaceous facies related to rapid sea-level rises (crinoids-brachiopods-bryozoans assemblages). Accommodation was significantly higher in the DSA and allowed the development of Waulsortian buildups during the Ivorian. Variations of magnetic susceptibility (MS) seem to be related to fluctuations in detrital input and carbonate productivity. MS evolution with palaeogeography can be integrated in the Da Silva et al. (2009a) model for the Devonian ramp system: external ramp settings have low carbonate productivity, low water agitation and high MS, whereas more proximal environments are characterized by higher carbonate productivity, higher water agitation and lower MS. Carbonate buildups show the lowest MS and highest productivity. MS curves are in agreement with the 3rd-order sequential interpretation. Lowstand system tracts (LST) show the highest MS values while transgressive system tracts (TST) are characterized by decreasing values and highstand system tracts/ falling stage system tracts (HST/FSST) by the lowest values. [less ▲]

Feline polymorphonuclear neutrophils produce pro-inflammatory cytokines following exposure to Microsporum canis

in Veterinary Microbiology (2013), 162(2-4), 800-805

Hydrolysis of starches and flours by sorghum malt amylases for dextrins production

in European Food Research & Technology (2013)

Corn and wheat starches as well as wheat and cassava flours were hydrolyzed using sorghum malt at 65 °C for 6 hours. During these reactions, dextrose equivalent (DE) values were followed under 3 ... [more ▼]

Corn and wheat starches as well as wheat and cassava flours were hydrolyzed using sorghum malt at 65 °C for 6 hours. During these reactions, dextrose equivalent (DE) values were followed under 3 concentrations of sorghum malt and of calcium chloride. Wheat flour presented the highest DE values and cassava flour had the highest hydrolysis yield. Thus, different dextrins were produced in a pilot plant and were analyzed by HPSEC and HPAEC-PAD for their molecular weight distribution and oligosaccharides composition respectively. The results indicated that oligosaccharides with broad molecular weight distributions were present in the dextrins produced and that the proportion of maltose was very high. [less ▲]

Mechanisms of cell migration in the adult brain: modelling subventricular neurogenesis.

in Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering (2013)

Neurogenesis has been the subject of active research in recent years. Although the majority of neurons form during the embryonic period, neurogenesis continues in restricted regions of the mammalian brain ... [more ▼]

Neurogenesis has been the subject of active research in recent years. Although the majority of neurons form during the embryonic period, neurogenesis continues in restricted regions of the mammalian brain well into adulthood. In rodent brains, neuronal migration is present in the rostral migratory stream (RMS), connecting the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb (OB). The migration in the RMS is characterised by a lack of dispersion of neuroblasts into the surrounding tissues and a highly directed motion towards the OB. This study uses a simple mathematical model to investigate several theories of migration of neuroblasts through the RMS proposed in the literature, including chemo-attraction, chemorepulsion, general inhibition and the presence of a migration-inducing protein. Apart from the general inhibition model, all the models were able to provide results in good qualitative correspondence with the experimental observations. [less ▲]

Control of Salmonella contamination of shell eggs – preharvest and postharvest methods: a review

in Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety (2013), 12

Salmonella Enteritidis is one of the most prevalence foodborne pathogen, its most important reservoir being considered the shell egg. As the concerns related to the increasing human salmonellosis cases ... [more ▼]

Salmonella Enteritidis is one of the most prevalence foodborne pathogen, its most important reservoir being considered the shell egg. As the concerns related to the increasing human salmonellosis cases grow, the need for an application of preventive methods either at the farm level or during the processing steps is crucial for a better control of the foodborne outbreaks due to the consumption of this specific food product. This review focuses on the application of preventive methods at the farm level, on preharvest step, in order to reduce the risk of shell eggs contamination with Salmonella, especially S. Enteritidis, through a better control of the laying hens’ infection with this pathogen. As postharvest methods, a first approach is the egg storage conditions and the prevention of Salmonella spp. growth and multiplication. In addition, shell eggs may be subjected to eggshell decontamination, to reduce the risk of foodborne outbreaks. Several of these latter mentioned methods are already authorized to be put in place in different countries, as it is the case in the United States of America and Canada. Their efficacy has been proven and their use is regarded by some as mandatory for ensuring shell eggs safety for the consumers. [less ▲]

Our rapidly changing understanding of acute and chronic disorders of consciousness: challenges for neurologists

in Future Neurology (2013), 8(1), 43-54

A number of recent studies suggest that some ‘vegetative state’ patients have been misdiagnosed, judging by their ability to follow commands and in some cases even communicate through brain activity. Such ... [more ▼]

A number of recent studies suggest that some ‘vegetative state’ patients have been misdiagnosed, judging by their ability to follow commands and in some cases even communicate through brain activity. Such studies highlight the difficulty in forming a diagnosis based only on behavioral assessments. We think that neuroimaging and electrophysiology methods will be used more frequently in clinical settings, integrated with existing behavioral assessments. Such efforts are expected to lead to a more accurate understanding of individual patients’ cognitive abilities or even provide prognostic indicators. In terms of treatment planning (i.e., pain management and end-of-life decision-making), patients with disorders of consciousness are now offered the possibility of expressing their preferences by means of brain–computer interfaces. What remains to be clarified is the degree to which such indirect responses can be considered reliable and of legal representation. [less ▲]

GC-MS/MS as a new option for confirmatory approach of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs analysis in food and feed

in Lab Info (2013), 9

An object-oriented hydrogeological data model for groundwater projects

in Environmental Modelling & Software (2013)

Geological and hydrogeological data are expensive to obtain in the field but are crucial for specific hydrogeological studies, from hydrogeological water balances to groundwater flow modelling and ... [more ▼]

Geological and hydrogeological data are expensive to obtain in the field but are crucial for specific hydrogeological studies, from hydrogeological water balances to groundwater flow modelling and contaminant transport, or for more integrated environmental investigations where groundwater plays a role. In this context, hydrogeological data are collected, transformed and exchanged at different scales, from local to international levels and between numerous institutions ranging from environmental consulting companies to the national and international environmental administrations. To guarantee that these exchanges are possible and meaningful, a clear structure and meta-information on applied hydrogeological data models is required. To make one step towards seamless management of groundwater projects, a new hydrogeological data model has been developed: Hg2O. It is described using object-oriented paradigms and it follows the recommendations of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO/TC211), the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), and the European Geospatial Information Working Group. Hydrogeological features are organized in packages of spatial feature datasets. The observations and measurements related to these features are organized in a seperate package. A particular focus is on specialized hydrogeological field experiments such as hydraulic and tracer tests. Two first implementations in the proprietary desktop ArcGIS environment and in the open-source web-based Web2GIS platform are presented, focusing on their respective standards support. [less ▲]

Higher risk of death among MEN1 patients with mutations in the JunD interacting domain. A Groupe d'étude des Tumeurs Endocrines (GTE) cohort study

in Human Molecular Genetics (2013)

BackgroundMultiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN1), which is secondary to mutation of the MEN1 gene, is a rare autosomal-dominant disease that predisposes mutation carriers to endocrine tumors ... [more ▼]

BackgroundMultiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN1), which is secondary to mutation of the MEN1 gene, is a rare autosomal-dominant disease that predisposes mutation carriers to endocrine tumors. Although genotype-phenotype studies have so far failed to identify any statistical correlations, some families harbor recurrent tumor patterns. The function of MENIN is unclear but has been described through the discovery of its interacting partners. Mutations in the interacting domains of MENIN functional partners have been shown to directly alter its regulation abilities.MethodsWe report on a cohort of MEN1 patients from the Groupe d'etude des Tumeurs Endocrines. Patients with a molecular diagnosis and a clinical follow-up, totalling 262 families and 806 patients were included. Associations between mutation type, location or interacting factors of the MENIN protein and death as well as the occurrence of MEN1-related tumors were tested using a frailty Cox model to adjust for potential heterogeneity across families.ResultsAccounting for the heterogeneity across families, the overall risk of death was significantly higher when mutations affected the JunD interacting domain (adjusted HR=1.88: 95%-CI=1.15- 3.07). Patients had a higher risk of death from cancers of the MEN1 spectrum (HR=2.34; 95%-CI=1.23- 4.43).ConclusionThis genotype-phenotype correlation study confirmed the lack of direct genotype-phenotype correlations. However, patients with mutations affecting the JunD interacting domain had a higher risk of death secondary to a MEN1 tumor and should thus be considered for surgical indications, genetic counseling and follow-up. [less ▲]

Etude histologique des embryons avortés lors des croisements entre Phaseolus vulgaris L. et Phaseolus coccineus L.

in International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences (2013)

Determination of Moisture Diffusivity During Drying of Mortar Cement: Experimental and Modeling Study

in International Journal of Energy Engineering (2013), 3(1), 1-6

The aim of this study is the experimental characterization of the behaviour of a mortar during convective drying. We focalise on mortar that has a rate water-cement of 0.5. The drying tests are developed ... [more ▼]

The aim of this study is the experimental characterization of the behaviour of a mortar during convective drying. We focalise on mortar that has a rate water-cement of 0.5. The drying tests are developed in a micro-convective dryer that can use samples weighing from 0 to 8g. The advantage of these experiments is to reproduce the natural conditions that can be found during the treatment of the mortar-atmosphere problems. The response of the drying curve or the drying kinetic depends on the applied drying conditions. So, the temperature of the air varies from 60°C to 130°C, the velocity of the air is changed from 2 m.s-1 to 5 m. s-1and the relative humidity is kept less than 1.7%. The comparison between the experimental results and the proposed analytical solutions of the equation of diffusion represented by Fick’s law, applied for a finite shape, allows determination of the values of the diffusion coefficient. It has a value of 1.71×10-10 m2.s-1 at 60°C, 13.69×10-10 m2.s-1 at 90°C and 16.27×10-10 m2.s-1 at 130°C. Calculation of the activation energy and the D0 constant are also possible. [less ▲]

Dissecting the mechanisms underlying old male mating advantage in a butterfly

in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (2013)

Selection is expected to maximize an individual’s own genetic reward regardless of the potential fitness consequences for its sexual partners, which may cause sexual conflict. Although performance in ... [more ▼]

Selection is expected to maximize an individual’s own genetic reward regardless of the potential fitness consequences for its sexual partners, which may cause sexual conflict. Although performance in holometabolous insects typically diminishes with age, old male mating advantage has been documented in a few species. Whether this pattern arises from female preference for older males based on, e.g., pheromone blends (intersexual selection), or from increased eagerness to mate in older compared to younger males is currently debated. We explore the mechanistic basis of old male mating advantage, using a series of experiments including behavioral as well as manipulative approaches, in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Consistent with the residual reproductive value hypothesis, old male mating advantage was associated with a greater eagerness to mate, evidenced by a two times higher flying and courting activity in older than in younger males. In contrast, we found only limited support for a contribution of female preference for older males based on pheromone composition, although male sex pheromones clearly do play a role in mating success. Our results suggest that male behavior may play a primary role in old male mating advantage, and that pheromones are likely of secondary importance only. Male mating success was related to higher overall pheromone titers rather than variation in a single component. A dominant importance of male behavior in determining mating success may result in sexual conflict. [less ▲]

Dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in water by lignin

in Journal of Materials Science (2013), 48(14), 4962-4964

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) can be stably dispersed in water with small amount of lignin. One-step dispersion in the 20.0 g/L concentration range is achieved at room temperature with excellent ... [more ▼]

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) can be stably dispersed in water with small amount of lignin. One-step dispersion in the 20.0 g/L concentration range is achieved at room temperature with excellent electrical properties of MWCNT. Lignin is depicted to act as an anti-static agent. [less ▲]

Novel functional degradable block copolymers for the building of reactive micelles

in Polymer Chemistry (2013), 4(4), 1025-1037

Amphiphilic biocompatible copolymers are promising materials for the elaboration of nanosystems for drug delivery applications. This paper aims at reporting on the synthesis of new functional amphiphilic ... [more ▼]

Amphiphilic biocompatible copolymers are promising materials for the elaboration of nanosystems for drug delivery applications. This paper aims at reporting on the synthesis of new functional amphiphilic copolymers based on biocompatible and bioeliminable blocks. Poly(ethylene oxide) was selected as the hydrophilic block, whereas an aliphatic polyester, i.e. poly(epsilon-caprolactone), or a polycarbonate, i.e. poly(trimethylene carbonate), were chosen as the degradable hydrophobic block. In order to allow a post-functionalization of the micelles core, azide groups were introduced on the hydrophobic segment to provide reactivity towards functional alkyne derivatives by the copper azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). For this purpose, a functional lactone, i.e. alpha-chloro-epsilon-caprolactone was introduced during the polymerization of the hydrophobic block before being converted into azide on the preformed copolymer. Such reactivity of the block copolymers and their self-assemblies is of prime interest for drugs or fluorescent dyes grafting, so as for micelles cross-linking. The influence of the azides distribution along the degradable block on the micelles post-functionalization ability has been studied by using alkyne bearing fluorescent dyes as model for drugs. The hydrophilicity of the dye on the micelles post-functionalization efficiency has also been investigated. [less ▲]

Metformin revisited: A critical review of the benefit-risk balance in at-risk patients with type 2 diabetes.

in Diabètes & Métabolism (2013)

Metformin is unanimously considered a first-line glucose-lowering agent. Theoretically, however, it cannot be prescribed in a large proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes because of numerous ... [more ▼]

Metformin is unanimously considered a first-line glucose-lowering agent. Theoretically, however, it cannot be prescribed in a large proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes because of numerous contraindications that could lead to an increased risk of lactic acidosis. Various observational data from real-life have shown that many diabetic patients considered to be at risk still receive metformin and often without appropriate dose adjustment, yet apparently with no harm done and particularly no increased risk of lactic acidosis. More interestingly, recent data have suggested that type 2 diabetes patients considered at risk because of the presence of traditional contraindications may still derive benefit from metformin therapy with reductions in morbidity and mortality compared with other glucose-lowering agents, especially sulphonylureas. The present review analyzes the benefit-risk balance of metformin therapy in special populations, namely, patients with stable coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome or myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, renal impairment or chronic kidney disease, hepatic dysfunction and chronic respiratory insufficiency, all conditions that could in theory increase the risk of lactic acidosis. Special attention is also paid to elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, a population that is growing rapidly, as older patients can accumulate several comorbidities classically considered contraindications to the use of metformin. A review of the recent scientific literature suggests that reassessment of the contraindications of metformin is now urgently needed to prevent physicians from prescribing the most popular glucose-lowering therapy in everyday clinical practice outside of the official recommendations. [less ▲]

Outcome and impact of surgery in paradoxical low flow low gradient severe aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: a cardiac catheterization study

in Circulation (2013)

Interleukin-32 expression is associated with a poorer prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

in Molecular Carcinogenesis (2013)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represent the sixth most common malignancy diagnosed worldwide. Patient's survival is low due the high frequency of tumor recurrence. Inflammation promotes ... [more ▼]

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represent the sixth most common malignancy diagnosed worldwide. Patient's survival is low due the high frequency of tumor recurrence. Inflammation promotes carcinogenesis as well as the formation of metastasis. Indeed, proinflammatory mediators are known to stimulate the expression of specific transcription factors such as Snai1 and to increase the ability of tumor cells to migrate into distant organs. The atypical interleukin-32 (IL32) was mainly described to exacerbate inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. IL32 is expressed in various cancers but its role in HNSCC physiology is still unexplored. Here, we analyzed the expression of IL32 and its implication on HNSCC aggressiveness. We showed that patients with tumor expressing high amounts of IL32 exhibit decreased disease-free periods (20.5 mo vs. 41 mo, P = 0.0041) and overall survival (P = 0.0359) in comparison with individuals with weak IL32 tumor expression. This overexpression was negatively correlated with gender (P = 0.0292) and p53 expression (P = 0.0307). In addition, in vitro data linked IL32 expression to metastasis formation since IL32 inhibition decreased Snai1 expression and tumor cell migration in a Boyden chamber assay. Our data provide new insight into the role of IL32 in HNSCC aggressiveness. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [less ▲]

Intuitions idéographiques

in Visible (2013)

Behaviours Associated with Acoustic Communication in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

in PLoS ONE (2013), 8(4), 61467

Psychrophilic enzymes: from folding to function and biotechnology

in Scientifica (2013), 2013(Article ID 512840), 1-28

Principal disease and Insect pests of Jatropha curcas L. in the lower valley of the Senegal river

in Tropicultura (2012), 30(4), 222-229

Jatropha curcas L. seed oil is proven to be toxic to many microorganisms, insects and animals. Despite its toxicity, Jatropha is not pest and disease resistant. The following major pests and diseases ... [more ▼]

Jatropha curcas L. seed oil is proven to be toxic to many microorganisms, insects and animals. Despite its toxicity, Jatropha is not pest and disease resistant. The following major pests and diseases affecting Jatropha in the lower valley of the Senegal river have been identified: the leaf miner Stomphastis thraustica (Meyrick, 1908) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), the leaf and stem miner Pempelia morosalis (Saalmuller, 1880) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) and the shield-backed bug Calidea panaethiopica (Kirkaldy, 1909) (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae), which can cause flower and fruit abortion. Damage from these pests was particularly great during the second year after the plantations were set up (2009) and before later receding. Nevertheless, the worst attacks were caused by a vascular disease transmitted through the soil, which killed 65% of the plants in four years. It is mainly characterised by collar and root rot, which causes foliage to yellow and wilt, before the plant eventually dies. These threats should increase if larger areas are planted with Jatropha. Considering the scale of the damage caused by these attacks in Bokhol, the development of an integrated pest management programme adapted to the local context should be considered. [less ▲]

Tubulin isoforms identified in the brain by MALDI in-source decay

in Journal of Proteomics (2012)

Identification of biomarkers is a major issue for enhancement of chemotherapies. The molecular characterization of tissues necessitates the identification of thousands of biomolecules each participating ... [more ▼]

Identification of biomarkers is a major issue for enhancement of chemotherapies. The molecular characterization of tissues necessitates the identification of thousands of biomolecules each participating in physiopathological processes. MALDI in-source decay (ISD) fragmentation has already been proven to be effective for protein characterization. However, the difficulty to identify proteins from complex mixtures such as tissue sections can limit the applications of this technique. In this study, we evidenced that tubulin has an unusual fragmentation pathway in the MALDI source. This striking property allowed the detecting of several mouse brain tubulin isotypes simultaneously by simply using laser fragmentation. Tubulin isoforms are consistent markers of a bad prognosis of solid tumors and could be the target of targeted chemotherapies. Such a direct molecular printout of tubulin in tissues is a milestone that should be useful either at preclinical or clinical stage. [less ▲]

The diagnostic utility of folate receptor autoantibodies in blood

in Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine (2012)

Dystopies de fin du monde. Une poétique littéraire du désastre

in Culture, le Magazine Culturel de l'Université de Liège (2012)

Le récit d’anticipation négatif développe une réflexion sur la cohésion d’une société à travers l’histoire d’une communauté humaine dont l’organisation collective et les bases sociales sont fragilisées ... [more ▼]

Le récit d’anticipation négatif développe une réflexion sur la cohésion d’une société à travers l’histoire d’une communauté humaine dont l’organisation collective et les bases sociales sont fragilisées, voire détruites. Ce genre littéraire ne s’apparente pas seulement au roman cataclysmique ou aux multiples scénarios de la guerre future. Il se rapproche aussi des ambitions de la politique-fiction et des procédés de l’anticipation scientifique. Entre 1830, date des premières anti-utopies constituées en récit, et 1950, moment de convergence de ces récits avec la science-fiction naissante, la production dystopique francophone s’avère riche, complexe et encore peu étudiée. D’Albert Robida à René Barjavel, nombreux sont pourtant les récits à (re-)considérer sous cet angle. [less ▲]

WIP1 deficiency inhibits HTLV-1 Tax oncogenesis: novel therapeutic prospects for treatment of ATL?

in Retrovirology (2012), 9(1), 115

Attenuation of p53 activity appears to be a major step in Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax transformation. However, p53 genomic mutations are late and rather infrequent events in HTLV-1 ... [more ▼]

Attenuation of p53 activity appears to be a major step in Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax transformation. However, p53 genomic mutations are late and rather infrequent events in HTLV-1 induced Adult T cell leukemia (ATL). The paper by Zane et al. shows that a mediator of p53 activity, Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1), contributes to Tax-induced oncogenesis in a mouse model. Wip1 may therefore be a novel target for therapeutic approaches. [less ▲]

Impact des services publics et sociaux sur le revenu des ménages belges

in D'autres Repères (2012)

Functional nanogels as platforms for imparting antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiadhesion activities to stainless steel

in Advanced Functional Materials (2012), 22(24), 5271-5282

In this work, long-term antibacterial, antiadhesion, and antibiofilm activities are afforded to industrial stainless steel surfaces following a green and bio-inspired strategy. Starting from catechol ... [more ▼]

In this work, long-term antibacterial, antiadhesion, and antibiofilm activities are afforded to industrial stainless steel surfaces following a green and bio-inspired strategy. Starting from catechol bearing synthetic polymers, the film cross-linking and the grafting of active (bio)molecules are possible under environmentally friendly conditions (in aqueous media and at room temperature). A bio-inspired polyelectrolyte, a polycation-bearing catechol, is used as the film-anchoring polymer while a poly(methacrylamide)-bearing quinone groups serves as the cross-linking agent in combination with a polymer bearing primary amine groups. The amine/quinone reaction is exploited to prepare stable solutions of nanogels in water at room temperature that can be easily deposited to stainless steel. This coating provides quinonefunctionalized surfaces that are then used to covalently anchor active (bio) molecules (antibiofi lm enzyme and antiadhesion polymer) through thiol/ quinone reactions. [less ▲]

An in vitro whole blood model to test the effects of different stimuli conditions on the release of myeloperoxidase and elastase by equine neutrophils.

in Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology (2012), 150(3-4), 221-7

Horses are particularly sensitive and exposed to excessive inflammatory responses evolving toward an important stimulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The aim of this work was to stimulate ... [more ▼]

Horses are particularly sensitive and exposed to excessive inflammatory responses evolving toward an important stimulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The aim of this work was to stimulate equine neutrophils in whole blood and to evaluate their response by measuring the release of total and active myeloperoxidase (MPO) and total elastase, considered as markers of neutrophil stimulation and degranulation. Because of the critical importance of the concomitant presence of LPS and TNF-alpha in equine pathological situations, we combined these two natural mediators to stimulate PMN and compared the response with those obtained after the PMN stimulation with each mediator used alone and well-known artificial stimulation systems such as 12-phorbol 13-myristate acetate (PMA) and the combination of cytochalasin B (CB) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). All the activation systems, PMA, CB/fMLP, TNF-alpha, LPS and LPS/TNF-alpha, induced a significant release of total MPO in whole blood but only the combinations CB/fMLP and LPS/TNF-alpha significantly favored the release of active MPO. Regarding the total elastase, we did not observe a significant release in all the stimulated conditions except with PMA. It appears clearly that the choice of the neutrophil stimulation model is fundamental for the selection of potentially active pharmacological agents, especially on MPO activity. [less ▲]

DEVELOPMENT OF FROZEN-FRIED YAM SLICES: OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESSING CONDITIONS

in African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (2012), 12(7), 7055-7071

The research performed on yam processing mainly concerns the production of crisps and flour. However, its transformation into deep-frozen French fries does not necessitate any other equipment than those ... [more ▼]

The research performed on yam processing mainly concerns the production of crisps and flour. However, its transformation into deep-frozen French fries does not necessitate any other equipment than those used for potatoes. The industrial process of production of frozen French fries traditionally includes a pre-frying step. These steps contribute to the development of color and crispness, and the oil partially absorbed inhibits dehydration during the freezing step. The aim of this study was to optimize frying conditions of deep-frozen fried yam (Dioscorea cayenensis var Kponan) slices. The effect of pre-frying time and temperature, final frying time and temperature on the oil uptake, texture, dry matter and colour of the fried yam slices has been studied. Frying conditions optimized with Box-Behnken experimental design were short pre-frying and frying conditions at high temperature characterized by pre-frying temperature at 157-170°C during 5-9s and frying temperature at 181-188°C for 2min 15s-2min 30s; or long pre-frying and frying conditions at low temperature characterized by pre-frying temperature at 150-158°C during 10-15s and frying temperature 170-177°C for 3-3min 15s. An adiabatic system was also developed by means of an insulator in which the core temperature of fried yam slices can be maintained constant at about 55°C after 15min of cooling, facilitating texture measurements at constant temperature. The present results may help in choosing the yam slices frying condition to be applied in order to achieve the desirable fried yam slices quality, required for protection against certain diseases like obesity. These models may also provide guidance as to how to control these quality parameters by altering four key environmental factors, pre-frying temperature and time and, final frying temperature and time. This process can also be commercialized and does not necessitate any other cost for equipment than those used for potatoes French fries and might be an interesting way of added value processing for this highly perishable yam tuber. [less ▲]

Efficient ALE mesh management for 3D quasi-Eulerian problems

in International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering (2012), 92(10), 857-890

In computational solid mechanics, the ALE formalism can be very useful to reduce the size of finite element models of continuous forming operations such as roll forming. The mesh of these ALE models is ... [more ▼]

In computational solid mechanics, the ALE formalism can be very useful to reduce the size of finite element models of continuous forming operations such as roll forming. The mesh of these ALE models is said to be quasi-Eulerian because the nodes remain almost fixed—or almost Eulerian—in the main process direction, although they are required to move in the orthogonal plane in order to follow the lateral displacements of the solid. This paper extensively presents a complete node relocation procedure dedicated to such ALE models. The discussion focusses on quadrangular and hexahedral meshes with local refinements. The main concern of this work is the preservation of the geometrical features and the shape of the free boundaries of the mesh. With this aim in view, each type of nodes (corner, edge, surface and volume) is treated sequentially with dedicated algorithms. A special care is given to highly curved 3D surfaces for which a CPU-efficient smoothing technique is proposed. This new method relies on a spline surface reconstruction, on a very fast weighted Laplacian smoother with original weights and on a robust reprojection algorithm. The overall consistency of this mesh management procedure is finally demonstrated in two numerical applications. The first one is a 2D ALE simulation of a drawbead, which provides similar results to an equivalent Lagrangian model yet is much faster. The second application is a 3D industrial ALE model of a 16-stand roll forming line. In this case, all attempts to perform the same simulation by using the Lagrangian formalism have been unsuccessful. [less ▲]

Ground-based remote sensing of tropospheric water vapour isotopologues within the project MUSICA

in Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (2012), 5(2012), 3007-3027

Within the project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water), long-term tropospheric water vapour isotopologue data records are provided for ... [more ▼]

Within the project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water), long-term tropospheric water vapour isotopologue data records are provided for ten globally distributed ground-based mid-infrared remote sensing stations of the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change). We present a new method allowing for an extensive and straightforward characterisation of the complex nature of such isotopologue remote sensing datasets. We demonstrate that the MUSICA humidity profiles are representative for most of the troposphere with a vertical resolution ranging from about 2 km (in the lower troposphere) to 8 km (in the upper troposphere) and with an estimated precision of better than 10%. We find that the sensitivity with respect to the isotopologue composition is limited to the lower and middle troposphere, whereby we estimate a precision of about 30‰ for the ratio between the two isotopologues HD16O and H216O. The measurement noise, the applied atmospheric temperature profiles, the uncertainty in the spectral baseline, and the cross-dependence on humidity are the leading error sources. We introduce an a posteriori correction method of the cross-dependence on humidity, and we recommend applying it to isotopologue ratio remote sensing datasets in general. In addition, we present mid-infrared CO2 retrievals and use them for demonstrating the MUSICA network-wide data consistency. In order to indicate the potential of long-term isotopologue remote sensing data if provided with a well-documented quality, we present a climatology and compare it to simulations of an isotope incorporated AGCM (Atmospheric General Circulation Model). We identify differences in the multi-year mean and seasonal cycles that significantly exceed the estimated errors, thereby indicating deficits in the modeled atmospheric water cycle. [less ▲]

Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission XXI. CoRoT-19b: A low density planet orbiting an old inactive F9V-star

in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2012), 537

Observations of transiting extrasolar planets are of key importance to our understanding of planets because their mass, radius, and mass density can be determined. The CoRoT space mission allows us to ... [more ▼]

Observations of transiting extrasolar planets are of key importance to our understanding of planets because their mass, radius, and mass density can be determined. The CoRoT space mission allows us to achieve a very high photometric accuracy. By combining CoRoT data with high-precision radial velocity measurements, we derive precise planetary radii and masses. We report the discovery of CoRoT-19b, a gas-giant planet transiting an old, inactive F9V-type star with a period of four days. After excluding alternative physical configurations mimicking a planetary transit signal, we determine the radius and mass of the planet by combining CoRoT photometry with high-resolution spectroscopy obtained with the echelle spectrographs SOPHIE, HARPS, FIES, and SANDIFORD. To improve the precision of its ephemeris and the epoch, we observed additional transits with the TRAPPIST and Euler telescopes. Using HARPS spectra obtained during the transit, we then determine the projected angle between the spin of the star and the orbit of the planet. We find that the host star of CoRoT-19b is an inactive F9V-type star close to the end of its main-sequence life. The host star has a mass M*=1.21+/-0.05 Msun and radius R*=1.65+/-0.04 Rsun. The planet has a mass of Mp=1.11+/-0.06 Mjup and radius of Rp=1.29+/-0.03 Rjup. The resulting bulk density is only rho=0.71+/-0.06 gcm-3, which is much lower than that for Jupiter. The exoplanet CoRoT-19b is an example of a giant planet of almost the same mass as Jupiter but a 30% larger radius. [less ▲]

Analysis of Spin-Orbit Alignment in the WASP-32, WASP-38, and HAT-P-27/WASP-40 Systems

in Astrophysical Journal (2012), 760

We present measurements of the spin-orbit alignment angle, λ, for the hot Jupiter systems WASP-32, WASP-38, and HAT-P-27/WASP-40, based on data obtained using the HARPS spectrograph. We analyze the ... [more ▼]

We present measurements of the spin-orbit alignment angle, λ, for the hot Jupiter systems WASP-32, WASP-38, and HAT-P-27/WASP-40, based on data obtained using the HARPS spectrograph. We analyze the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for all three systems and also carry out Doppler tomography for WASP-32 and WASP-38. We find that WASP-32 (T [SUB]eff[/SUB] = 6140[SUP]+90[/SUP] [SUB]- 100[/SUB] K) is aligned, with an alignment angle of λ = 10fdg5[SUP] + 6.4[/SUP] [SUB] - 6.5[/SUB] obtained through tomography, and that WASP-38 (T [SUB]eff[/SUB] = 6180[SUP]+40[/SUP] [SUB]- 60[/SUB] K) is also aligned, with tomographic analysis yielding λ = 7fdg5[SUP] + 4.7[/SUP] [SUB] - 6.1[/SUB]. The latter result provides an order-of-magnitude improvement in the uncertainty in λ compared to the previous analysis of Simpson et al. We are only able to loosely constrain the angle for HAT-P-27/WASP-40 (T [SUB]eff[/SUB] = 5190[SUP]+160[/SUP] [SUB]- 170[/SUB] K) to λ = 24fdg2[SUP] + 76.0[/SUP] [SUB] - 44.5[/SUB], owing to the poor signal-to-noise ratio of our data. We consider this result a non-detection under a slightly updated version of the alignment test of Brown et al. We place our results in the context of the full sample of spin-orbit alignment measurements, finding that they provide further support for previously established trends. Based on observations (under proposal 087.C-0649) made using the HARPS High Resolution Échelle Spectrograph mounted on the ESO 3.6 m at the ESO La Silla observatory. [less ▲]

Retrospective analysis of a Listeria monocytogenes contamination episode in raw milk goat cheese using quantitative microbial risk assessment tools

in Journal of Food Protection (2012), 13

In 2005, the Belgian authorities reported a Listeria monocytogenes contamination episode in cheese made from raw goat’s milk. The presence of an asymptomatic shedder goat in the herd caused this ... [more ▼]

In 2005, the Belgian authorities reported a Listeria monocytogenes contamination episode in cheese made from raw goat’s milk. The presence of an asymptomatic shedder goat in the herd caused this contamination. On the basis of data collected at the time of the episode, a retrospective study was performed using an exposure assessment model covering the production chain from the milking of goats up to delivery of cheese to the market. Predictive microbiology models were used to simulate the growth of L. monocytogenes during the cheese process in relation with temperature, pH and water activity. The model showed significant growth of L. monocytogenes during chilling and storage of the milk collected the day before the cheese production (median increase of 2.2 log CFU/ml) and during adjunction of starter and rennet to milk (median increase of 1.2 log CFU/ml). The L. monocytogenes concentration in the fresh unripened cheese was estimated to be 3.8 log CFU/g (median). This result is consistent with the number of L. monocytogenes in the fresh cheese (3.6 log CFU/g) reported during the cheese contamination episode. A variance-based method sensitivity analysis identified the most important factors impacting the cheese contamination, and a scenario analysis then evaluated several options for risk mitigation. Thus, by using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) tools, this study provides reliable information to identify and control critical steps in a local production chain of cheese made from raw goat’s milk. [less ▲]

Cassini UVIS observations of Titan nightglow spectra

in Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics) (2012), 117

In this paper we present the first nightside EUV and FUV airglow limb spectra of Titan showing molecular emissions. The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) observed photon emissions of Titan's ... [more ▼]

In this paper we present the first nightside EUV and FUV airglow limb spectra of Titan showing molecular emissions. The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) observed photon emissions of Titan's day and night limb-airglow and disk-airglow on multiple occasions, including during an eclipse observation. The 71 airglow observations analyzed in this paper show EUV (600-1150 Å) and FUV (1150-1900 Å) atomic multiplet lines and band emissions arising from either photoelectron induced fluorescence and solar photo-fragmentation of molecular nitrogen (N[SUB]2[/SUB]) or excitation by magnetosphere plasma. The altitude of the peak UV emissions on the limb during daylight occurred inside the thermosphere at the altitude of the topside ionosphere (near 1000 km altitude). However, at night on the limb, a subset of emission features, much weaker in intensity, arise in the atmosphere with two different geometries. First, there is a twilight photoelectron-excited glow that persists with solar depression angle up to 25-30 degrees past the terminator, until the solar XUV shadow height passes the altitude of the topside ionosphere (1000-1200 km). The UV twilight glow spectrum is similar to the dayglow but weaker in intensity. Second, beyond 120° solar zenith angle, when the upper atmosphere of Titan is in total XUV darkness, there is indication of weak and sporadic nightside UV airglow emissions excited by magnetosphere plasma collisions with ambient thermosphere gas, with similar N[SUB]2[/SUB] excited features as above in the daylight or twilight glow over an extended altitude range. [less ▲]

La collecte de l'information. Pour qui ? Pourquoi ? Comment ?

in Notes de Statistique et d'Informatique (2012), (3), 7

Retrospective Analysis of a Listeria monocytogenes Contamination Episode in Raw Milk Goat Cheese Using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment tools

in Journal of Food Protection (2012), 75(12), 2122-2135

In 2005, the Belgian authorities reported a Listeria monocytogenes contamination episode in cheese made from raw goat's milk. The presence of an asymptomatic shedder goat in the herd caused this ... [more ▼]

In 2005, the Belgian authorities reported a Listeria monocytogenes contamination episode in cheese made from raw goat's milk. The presence of an asymptomatic shedder goat in the herd caused this contamination. On the basis of data collected at the time of the episode, a retrospective study was performed using an exposure assessment model covering the production chain from the milking of goats up to delivery of cheese to the market. Predictive microbiology models were used to simulate the growth of L. monocytogenes during the cheese process in relation with temperature, pH, and water activity. The model showed significant growth of L. monocytogenes during chilling and storage of the milk collected the day before the cheese production (median increase of 2.2 log CFU/ml) and during the addition of starter and rennet to milk (median increase of 1.2 log CFU/ml). The L. monocytogenes concentration in the fresh unripened cheese was estimated to be 3.8 log CFU/g (median). This result is consistent with the number of L. monocytogenes in the fresh cheese (3.6 log CFU/g) reported during the cheese contamination episode. A variance-based method sensitivity analysis identified the most important factors impacting the cheese contamination, and a scenario analysis then evaluated several options for risk mitigation. Thus, by using quantitative microbial risk assessment tools, this study provides reliable information to identify and control critical steps in a local production chain of cheese made from raw goat's milk. [less ▲]

Ostéomalacie hypophosphatémique hyperphosphaturique avec hypersécrétion de FGF-23

in Lettre du Rhumatologue (La) (2012), 387

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NET) Entrap and Kill Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto Spirochetes and Are not Affected by Ixodes ricinus Tick Saliva.

in Journal of Immunology (2012), 189(11), 5393-5401

Lyme disease is a pathology caused by members of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex, most often by B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.). They are transmitted mainly by Ixodes ricinus ticks ... [more ▼]

Lyme disease is a pathology caused by members of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex, most often by B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.). They are transmitted mainly by Ixodes ricinus ticks. After a few hours of infestation, neutrophils massively infiltrate the bite site. They can kill Borrelia via phagocytosis, oxidative burst and hydrolytic enzymes. However, factors in tick saliva promote propagation of the bacteria in the host even in the presence of a large number of neutrophils. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) consists in the extrusion of the neutrophil’s own DNA, forming traps that can retain and kill bacteria. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is apparently associated with the onset of NEtosis. Here we describe NETs formation at the tick bite site in vivo in mice. We show that Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. spirochetes become trapped and killed by NETs in humans and that the bacteria do not seem to release significant nucleases to evade this process. Saliva from I. ricinus did not affect NET formation by human neutrophiles or it stability. However, it strongly decreased neutrophil ROS production, suggesting that a strong decrease of hydrogen peroxide does not affect NET formation. Finally, round bodies were observed trapped in NETs, some of them staining as live cells. This observation could help contribute to a better explanation of erythema migrans. [less ▲]

Impact of graft-versus-host disease after reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia : a report from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European group for blood and marrow transplantation

in Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K (2012), 26(12), 2462-2468

This report investigated the impact of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) on transplantation outcomes in 1859 acute myeloid leukemia patients given allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells after reduced ... [more ▼]

This report investigated the impact of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) on transplantation outcomes in 1859 acute myeloid leukemia patients given allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells after reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC allo-SCT). Grade I acute GVHD was associated with a lower risk of relapse (hazards ratio (HR)¼0.7, P¼0.02) translating into a trend for better overall survival (OS; HR¼1.3; P¼0.07). Grade II acute GVHD had no net impact on OS, while grade III–IV acute GVHD was associated with a worse OS (HR¼0.4, Po0.0.001) owing to high risk of nonrelapse mortality (NRM; HR¼5.2, Po0.0001). In time-dependent multivariate Cox analyses, limited chronic GVHD tended to be associated with a lower risk of relapse (HR¼0.72; P¼0.07) translating into a better OS (HR¼1.8; Po0.001), while extensive chronic GVHD was associated with a lower risk of relapse (HR¼0.65; P¼0.02) but also with higher NRM (HR¼3.5; Po0.001) and thus had no net impact on OS. In-vivo T-cell depletion with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or alemtuzumab was successful at preventing extensive chronic GVHD (Po0.001), but without improving OS for ATG and even with worsening OS for alemtuzumab (HR¼0.65; P¼0.001). These results highlight the role of the immune-mediated graft-versus-leukemia effect in the RIC allo-SCT setting, but also the need for improving the prevention and treatment of severe GVHD. [less ▲]

Effect of HLA-matching recipients to donor non-inherited maternal antigens on outcomes after mismatched umbilical cord blood transplantation for hematologic malignancy

in Biology of Blood & Marrow Transplantation (2012)

Accessing baryon to meson transition distribution amplitudes in meson production in association with a high invariant mass lepton pair at GSI-FAIR with PANDA

in Physical Review. D : Particles and Fields (2012), 86

Nucleon-antinucleon annihilation into a near backward- (or forward-) produced meson and a high invariant mass lepton pair admits a factorized description in terms of antinucleon (or nucleon) distribution ... [more ▼]

Nucleon-antinucleon annihilation into a near backward- (or forward-) produced meson and a high invariant mass lepton pair admits a factorized description in terms of antinucleon (or nucleon) distribution amplitudes (DAs) and nucleon to meson (or antinucleon to meson) transition distribution amplitudes (TDAs). We estimate the cross section of backward (and forward) pion and eta-meson production in association with a high invariant mass lepton pair for the kinematical conditions of GSI-FAIR. The cross sections are found to be large enough to be measured with the PANDA detector. Interesting phenomenological applications of the approach are thus expected. [less ▲]

Compte-rendu du numéro "Les avocats" de la revue Pouvoirs

in Droit et Société (2012)