References of "Scientific journals"      in Complete repository Arts & humanities   Archaeology   Art & art history   Classical & oriental studies   History   Languages & linguistics   Literature   Performing arts   Philosophy & ethics   Religion & theology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Business & economic sciences   Accounting & auditing   Production, distribution & supply chain management   Finance   General management & organizational theory   Human resources management   Management information systems   Marketing   Strategy & innovation   Quantitative methods in economics & management   General economics & history of economic thought   International economics   Macroeconomics & monetary economics   Microeconomics   Economic systems & public economics   Social economics   Special economic topics (health, labor, transportation…)   Multidisciplinary, general & others Engineering, computing & technology   Aerospace & aeronautics engineering   Architecture   Chemical engineering   Civil engineering   Computer science   Electrical & electronics engineering   Energy   Geological, petroleum & mining engineering   Materials science & engineering   Mechanical engineering   Multidisciplinary, general & others Human health sciences   Alternative medicine   Anesthesia & intensive care   Cardiovascular & respiratory systems   Dentistry & oral medicine   Dermatology   Endocrinology, metabolism & nutrition   Forensic medicine   Gastroenterology & hepatology   General & internal medicine   Geriatrics   Hematology   Immunology & infectious disease   Laboratory medicine & medical technology   Neurology   Oncology   Ophthalmology   Orthopedics, rehabilitation & sports medicine   Otolaryngology   Pediatrics   Pharmacy, pharmacology & toxicology   Psychiatry   Public health, health care sciences & services   Radiology, nuclear medicine & imaging   Reproductive medicine (gynecology, andrology, obstetrics)   Rheumatology   Surgery   Urology & nephrology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Law, criminology & political science   Civil law   Criminal law & procedure   Criminology   Economic & commercial law   European & international law   Judicial law   Metalaw, Roman law, history of law & comparative law   Political science, public administration & international relations   Public law   Social law   Tax law   Multidisciplinary, general & others Life sciences   Agriculture & agronomy   Anatomy (cytology, histology, embryology...) & physiology   Animal production & animal husbandry   Aquatic sciences & oceanology   Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology   Biotechnology   Entomology & pest control   Environmental sciences & ecology   Food science   Genetics & genetic processes   Microbiology   Phytobiology (plant sciences, forestry, mycology...)   Veterinary medicine & animal health   Zoology   Multidisciplinary, general & others Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences   Chemistry   Earth sciences & physical geography   Mathematics   Physics   Space science, astronomy & astrophysics   Multidisciplinary, general & others Social & behavioral sciences, psychology   Animal psychology, ethology & psychobiology   Anthropology   Communication & mass media   Education & instruction   Human geography & demography   Library & information sciences   Neurosciences & behavior   Regional & inter-regional studies   Social work & social policy   Sociology & social sciences   Social, industrial & organizational psychology   Theoretical & cognitive psychology   Treatment & clinical psychology   Multidisciplinary, general & others     Showing results 701 to 800 of 50620     3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13     Magnetosphere-ionosphere mapping at Jupiter: Quantifying the effects of using different internal field modelsVogt, Marissa; Bunce, Emma; Kivelson, Margaret et alin Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics (2015), 120The lack of global field models accurate beyond the inner magnetosphere (<30 RJ) makes it difficult to relate Jupiter's polar auroral features to magnetospheric source regions. We recently developed a ... [more ▼]The lack of global field models accurate beyond the inner magnetosphere (<30 RJ) makes it difficult to relate Jupiter's polar auroral features to magnetospheric source regions. We recently developed a model that maps Jupiter's equatorial magnetosphere to the ionosphere using a flux equivalence calculation that requires equal flux at the equatorial and ionospheric ends of flux tubes. This approach is more accurate than tracing field lines in a global field model but only if it is based on an accurate model of Jupiter's internal field. At present there are three widely used internal field models—Voyager Io Pioneer 4 (VIP4), the Grodent Anomaly Model (GAM), and VIP Anomaly Longitude (VIPAL). The purpose of this study is to quantify how the choice of an internal field model affects the mapping of various auroral features using the flux equivalence calculation. We find that different internal field models can shift the ionospheric mapping of points in the equatorial plane by several degrees and shift the magnetospheric mapping to the equator by ~30 RJ radially and by less than 1 h in local time. These shifts are consistent with differences in how well each model maps the Ganymede footprint, underscoring the need for more accurate Jovian internal field models. We discuss differences in the mapping of specific auroral features and the size and location of the open/closed field line boundary. Understanding these differences is important for the continued analysis of Hubble Space Telescope images and in planning for Juno's arrival at Jupiter in 2016. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 9 (0 ULg) Tensor Representation of Spin StatesGiraud, Olivier; Braun, Daniel; Baguette, Dorian et alin Physical Review Letters (2015), 114We propose a generalization of the Bloch sphere representation for arbitrary spin states. It provides a compact and elegant representation of spin density matrices in terms of tensors that share the most ... [more ▼]We propose a generalization of the Bloch sphere representation for arbitrary spin states. It provides a compact and elegant representation of spin density matrices in terms of tensors that share the most important properties of Bloch vectors. Our representation, based on covariant matrices introduced by Weinberg in the context of quantum field theory, allows for a simple parametrization of coherent spin states, and a straightforward transformation of density matrices under local unitary and partial tracing operations. It enables us to provide a criterion for anticoherence, relevant in a broader context such as quantum polarization of light. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 33 (16 ULg) Lead concentrations and isotope ratios in speleothems as proxies for atmospheric metal pollution since the Industrial RevolutionAllan, Mohammed ; Fagel, Nathalie ; Van Rampelbergh, maite et alin Chemical Geology (2015)Lead concentrations and isotope ratios from two speleothems from the Han-sur-Lesse cave in southern Belgium were measured in order to study the ability of speleothems to act as archives of atmospheric ... [more ▼]Lead concentrations and isotope ratios from two speleothems from the Han-sur-Lesse cave in southern Belgium were measured in order to study the ability of speleothems to act as archives of atmospheric pollution. To address this aim we analyzed trace elemental Al and Pb compositions by LA-ICP-MS and ICP-MS as well as Pb isotopes by MC-ICP-MS. The results help to identify three intervals characterized by particularly high enrichment of Pb: from 1880 to 1905 AD, from 1945 to 1965 AD, and from 1975 to 1990 AD. The speleothem record shows similar changes as the known historical atmospheric pollution level in Belgium. Lead isotope ratios discriminate between Pb sources and confirm that coal and gasoline combustion, combined with regional metallurgical activities, were the predominant Pb pollution sources in the stalagmites during the last 250 years. This study opens possibilities to determine anthropogenic versus natural metal sources in well-dated speleothem archives. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 87 (60 ULg) Retirement age and the age of onset of Alzheimer’s disease: Results from the ICTUS studyGrotz, Catherine ; Letenneur, Luc; Bonsang, Eric et alin PLoS ONE (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 51 (20 ULg) Poly(vinyl ester 1,2,3-triazolium)s: a new member of the poly(ionic liquid)s familyObadia, M. M.; Colliat-Dangus, G.; Debuigne, Antoine et alin Chemical Communications (2015), 51(16), 3332-3335A vinyl ester monomer carrying a pendant 1,2,3-triazole group is synthesized in two steps and polymerized by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization. Subsequent alkylation with N-methyl bis ... [more ▼]A vinyl ester monomer carrying a pendant 1,2,3-triazole group is synthesized in two steps and polymerized by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization. Subsequent alkylation with N-methyl bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide affords the corresponding poly(vinyl ester 1,2,3-triazolium). This unprecedented example of poly(vinyl ester ionic liquid) exhibits an ionic conductivity of 9.2 × 10(-7) S cm(-1) at 30 °C [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 29 (4 ULg) Granular transport in driven granular gasNoirhomme, Martial ; Opsomer, Eric ; Ludewig, François et alin European Physical Journal E -- Soft Matter (2015), 38We numerically and theoretically investigate the behavior of a granular gas driven by asymmetric plates. The injection of energy in the dissipative system differs from one side to the opposite one. We ... [more ▼]We numerically and theoretically investigate the behavior of a granular gas driven by asymmetric plates. The injection of energy in the dissipative system differs from one side to the opposite one. We prove that the dynamical clustering which is expected for such a system is affected by the asymmetry. As a consequence, the cluster position can be fully controlled. This property could lead to various applications in the handling of granular materials in low-gravity environment. Moreover, the dynamical cluster is characterized by natural oscillations which are also captured by a model. These oscillations are mainly related to the cluster size, thus providing an original way to probe the clustering behavior. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 16 (5 ULg) Protection of Antarctic microbial communities–‘out of sight, out of mind’Hughes, Kevin; Cowan, Don; Wilmotte, Annick in Frontiers in Microbiology (2015), 6(151), 1-6RecentadvancesinmolecularbiologytechniqueshaveshownthepresenceofdiversemicrobialcommunitiesandendemicspeciesinAntarctica.Endemicmicrobesmaybeapotentialsourceofnovelbiotechnologicallyimportantcompounds ... [more ▼]RecentadvancesinmolecularbiologytechniqueshaveshownthepresenceofdiversemicrobialcommunitiesandendemicspeciesinAntarctica.Endemicmicrobesmaybeapotentialsourceofnovelbiotechnologicallyimportantcompounds,including,forexample,newantibiotics.Thus,thescientificandbiotechnologicalvalueofAntarcticterrestrialmicrobialhabitatscanbecompromisedbyhumanvisitationtoagreaterextentthanpreviouslyrealized.Theever-increasinghumanfootprintinAntarcticamakesconsiderationofthistopicmorepressing,asthenumberoflocationsknowntobepristinehabitats,whereincreasinglysophisticatedcutting-edgeresearchtechniquesmaybeusedtotheirfullpotential,declines.ExaminationoftheProtectedAreassystemoftheAntarcticTreatyshowsthatmicrobialhabitatsaregenerallypoorlyprotected.NoothercontinentonEarthisdominatedtothesamedegreebymicrobialspecies,andrealopportunitiesexisttodevelopnewwaysofconceptualizingandimplementingconservationofmicrobialbiogeographyonacontinentalscale.Herewehighlightpotentialthreatsbothtotheconservationofterrestrialmicrobialecosystems,andtofuturescientificresearchrequiringtheirstudy. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 19 (2 ULg) Resonant and antiresonant bouncing dropletsHubert, Maxime ; Robert, Damien; Caps, Hervé et alin Physical Review. E : Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics (2015), 91When placed onto a vibrating liquid bath, a droplet may adopt a permanent bouncing behavior, depending on both the forcing frequency and the forcing amplitude. The relationship between the droplet ... [more ▼]When placed onto a vibrating liquid bath, a droplet may adopt a permanent bouncing behavior, depending on both the forcing frequency and the forcing amplitude. The relationship between the droplet deformations and the bouncing mechanism is studied experimentally and theoretically through an asymmetric and dissipative bouncing spring model. Antiresonance phenomena are evidenced. Experiments and theoretical predictions show that both resonance at specific frequencies and antiresonance at Rayleigh frequencies play crucial roles in the bouncing mechanism. In particular, we show that they could be exploited for bouncing droplet size selection. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 26 (7 ULg) Two-Photon Luminescence of Gold Nanorods Mediated by Higher Order Plasmon ModesVerellen, Niels; Denkova, Denitza; De Clercq, Ben et alin ACS Photonics (2015), 2Metallic nanorod antennas can be considered as an analogue to classical half-wave dipole antennas, constituting an important tool for manipulating linear and nonlinear lightmatter interactions in ... [more ▼]Metallic nanorod antennas can be considered as an analogue to classical half-wave dipole antennas, constituting an important tool for manipulating linear and nonlinear lightmatter interactions in nanoscale volumes. Using two-photon luminescence (TPL) scanning laser microscopy, we investigate such optical antennas beyond their fundamental dipole mode. The antenna mode dispersion is extracted from the nonlinear TPL measurement and reveals a TPL process that is dominated by plasmon-induced enhancement of the two photon absorption in the metal. Additionally, a clear signature of the mode parity is observed in the TPL images. TPL maxima are observed outside the antenna boundaries for even parity modes, whereas they are located inside for odd modes. It is concluded that for even modes the two-photon luminescence emission is strongly mediated by retardation of the excitation field, a consequence of their zero net-dipole moment. This selective excitation of different mode parities is highly relevant for nanoscale enhanced nonlinear optics, as well as plasmonic nanosensor applications and tuning of radiative properties of quantum emitters. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 40 (7 ULg) Rational Development of an Attenuated Recombinant Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 Vaccine Using Prokaryotic Mutagenesis and In Vivo Bioluminescent ImagingBoutier, Maxime ; Ronsmans, Maygane ; Ouyang, Ping et alin PLoS Pathogens (2015), 11(2), 1004690Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV 3) is causing severe economic losses worldwide in common and koi carp industries, and a safe and efficacious attenuated vaccine compatible with mass vaccination is needed. We ... [more ▼]Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV 3) is causing severe economic losses worldwide in common and koi carp industries, and a safe and efficacious attenuated vaccine compatible with mass vaccination is needed. We produced single deleted recombinants using prokaryotic mutagenesis. When producing a recombinant lacking open reading frame 134 (ORF134), we unexpectedly obtained a clone with additional deletion of ORF56 and ORF57. This triple deleted recombinant replicated efficiently in vitro and expressed an in vivo safety/efficacy profile compatible with use as an attenuated vaccine. To determine the role of the double ORF56-57 deletion in the phenotype and to improve further the quality of the vaccine candidate, a series of deleted recombinants was produced and tested in vivo. These experiments led to the selection of a double deleted recombinant lacking ORF56 and ORF57 as a vaccine candidate. The safety and efficacy of this strain were studied using an in vivo bioluminescent imaging system (IVIS), qPCR, and histopathological examination, which demonstrated that it enters fish via skin infection similar to the wild type strain. However, compared to the parental wild type strain, the vaccine candidate replicated at lower levels and spread less efficiently to secondary sites of infection. Transmission experiments allowing water contamination with or without additional physical contact between fish demonstrated that the vaccine candidate has a reduced ability to spread from vaccinated fish to naïve sentinel cohabitants. Finally, IVIS analyses demonstrated that the vaccine candidate induces a protective mucosal immune response at the portal of entry. Thus, the present study is the first to report the rational development of a recombinant attenuated vaccine against CyHV 3 for mass vaccination of carp. We also demonstrated the relevance of the CyHV 3 carp model for studying alloherpesvirus transmission and mucosal immunity in teleost skin. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 21 (6 ULg) Transient internally driven aurora at Jupiter discovered by Hisaki and the Hubble Space TelescopeKimura, Tomoki; Badman, Sarah; Tao, Chihiro et alin Geophysical Research Letters (2015), 42Jupiter’s auroral emissions reveal energy transport and dissipation through the planet’s giant magnetosphere. While the main auroral emission is internally driven by planetary rotation in the steady state ... [more ▼]Jupiter’s auroral emissions reveal energy transport and dissipation through the planet’s giant magnetosphere. While the main auroral emission is internally driven by planetary rotation in the steady state, transient brightenings are generally thought to be triggered by compression by the external solar wind. Here we present evidence provided by the new Hisaki spacecraft and the Hubble Space Telescope that shows that such brightening of Jupiter’s aurora can in fact be internally driven. The brightening has an excess power up to ~550 GW. Intense emission appears from the polar cap region down to latitudes around Io’s footprint aurora, suggesting a rapid energy input into the polar region by the internal plasma circulation process. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 31 (12 ULg) Dynamic Input Conductances Shape Neuronal SpikingDrion, Guillaume ; Franci, Alessio ; Dethier, Julie et alin eNeuro (2015)Assessing the role of biophysical parameter variations in neuronal activity is critical to the understanding of modulation, robustness and homeostasis of neuronal signaling. The paper proposes that this ... [more ▼]Assessing the role of biophysical parameter variations in neuronal activity is critical to the understanding of modulation, robustness and homeostasis of neuronal signaling. The paper proposes that this question can be addressed through the analysis of dynamic input conductances. Those voltage-dependent curves aggregate the concomitant activity of all ion channels in distinct timescales. They are shown to shape the current-voltage dynamical relationships that determine neuronal spiking. We propose an experimental protocol to measure dynamic input conductances in neurons. In addition, we provide a computational method to extract dynamic input conductances from arbitrary conductance-based models and to analyze their sensitivity to arbitrary parameters. We illustrate the relevance of the proposed approach for modulation, compensation and robustness studies in a published neuron model based on data of the stomatogastric ganglion of the crab Cancer borealis. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 23 (3 ULg) Jubiläumsband mal anders - Ingo Irsigler und Gerrit Lembke haben einen Band zum 10-jährigen Jubiläum des Deutschen Buchpreises herausgegebenHouscheid, Karin in Literaturkritik.de (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 22 (2 ULg) DUSP3 Phosphatase Deficiency or Inhibition Limit Platelet Activation and Arterial ThrombosisMusumeci, Lucia ; Kuijpers, Marijke; Gilio, Karen et alin Circulation (2015), 131(7), 656-68Background A limitation of current antiplatelet therapies is their inability to separate thrombotic events from bleeding occurrences. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to platelet ... [more ▼]Background A limitation of current antiplatelet therapies is their inability to separate thrombotic events from bleeding occurrences. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to platelet activation is of importance for the development of improved therapies. Recently, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) have emerged as critical regulators of platelet function. Methods and Results This is the first report implicating the dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3) in platelet signaling and thrombosis. This phosphatase is highly expressed in human and mouse platelets. Platelets from DUSP3-deficient mice displayed a selective impairment of aggregation and granule secretion mediated through the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and the C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2). DUSP3-deficient mice were more resistant to collagen- and epinephrine-induced thromboembolism, compared to wild-type mice, and showed severely impaired thrombus formation upon ferric chloride-induced carotid artery injury. Intriguingly, bleeding times were not altered in DUSP3-deficient mice. At the molecular level, DUSP3 deficiency impaired Syk tyrosine phosphorylation, subsequently reducing phosphorylation of PLCγ2 and calcium fluxes. To investigate DUSP3 function in human platelets, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of DUSP3 was developed. This compound specifically inhibited collagen and CLEC-2-induced human platelet aggregation, thereby phenocopying the effect of DUSP3 deficiency in murine cells. Conclusions DUSP3 plays a selective and essential role in collagen- and CLEC-2-mediated platelet activation and thrombus formation in vivo. Inhibition of DUSP3 may prove therapeutic for arterial thrombosis. This is the first time a PTP, implicated in platelet signaling, has been targeted with a small-molecule drug. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 98 (36 ULg) Development of anti-E6 pegylated lipoplexes for mucosal application in the context of cervical preneoplastic lesionsFurst, Tania ; Lechanteur, Anna ; Piel, Géraldine et alin International Journal of Pharmaceutics (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 35 (8 ULg) A flux extraction device to measure the magnetic moment of large samples; application to bulk superconductorsEgan, Raphael ; Philippe, Matthieu ; Wera, Laurent et alin Review of Scientific Instruments (2015), 86(2), 025107We report the design and construction of a flux extraction device to measure the DC magnetic moment of large samples (i.e., several cm3) at cryogenic temperature. The signal is constructed by integrating ... [more ▼]We report the design and construction of a flux extraction device to measure the DC magnetic moment of large samples (i.e., several cm3) at cryogenic temperature. The signal is constructed by integrating the electromotive force generated by two coils wound in series-opposition that move around the sample. We show that an octupole expansion of the magnetic vector potential can be used conveniently to treat near-field effects for this geometrical configuration. The resulting expansion is tested for the case of a large, permanently magnetized, type-II superconducting sample. The dimensions of the sensing coils are determined in such a way that the measurement is influenced by the dipole magnetic moment of the sample and not by moments of higher order, within user-determined upper bounds. The device, which is able to measure magnetic moments in excess of 1 Am2 (1000 emu), is validated by (i) a direct calibration experiment using a small coil driven by a known current and (ii) by comparison with the results of numerical calculations obtained previously using a flux measurement technique. The sensitivity of the device is demonstrated by the measurement of flux-creep relaxation of the magnetization in a large bulk superconductor sample at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 50 (28 ULg) Ten years of Martian nitric oxide nightglow observationsStiepen, Arnaud ; Gérard, Jean-Claude ; Gagné, Marie-Eve et alin Geophysical Research Letters (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 20 (4 ULg) Dark anti atoms can explain DAMAWallemacq, Quentin ; Cudell, Jean-René in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics [= JCAP] (2015)We show that the existence of a sub-dominant form of dark matter, made of dark 'antiatoms' of a mass of 1 TeV and a size of 30 fm, can explain the results of direct detection experiments, with a positive ... [more ▼]We show that the existence of a sub-dominant form of dark matter, made of dark 'antiatoms' of a mass of 1 TeV and a size of 30 fm, can explain the results of direct detection experiments, with a positive signal in DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA and no signal in other experiments. The signal comes from the binding of the dark anti-atoms to thallium, a dopant in DAMA, and is not present for the constituent atoms of other experiments. The dark anti-atoms are made of two particles oppositely charged under a dark U(1) symmetry and can bind to terrestrial atoms because of a kinetic mixing between the photon and the massless dark photon, such that the dark particles acquire an electric milli-charge of ± 5.10(−)(4)e. This millicharge enables them to bind to high-Z atoms via radiative capture, after they thermalize in terrestrial matter through elastic collisions. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 11 (0 ULg) Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core-shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compoundsDesmet, Jonathan; Meunier, Christophe; Danloy, Emeric et alin Journal of Colloid & Interface Science (2015), 448An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate–SiO2–polycation) shell: (Na-alginate– SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life ... [more ▼]An efficient one-step process to synthesize highly porous (Ca-alginate–SiO2–polycation) shell: (Na-alginate– SiO2) core hybrid beads for cell encapsulation, yielding a reusable long-life photosynthetically active material for a sustainable manufacture of high-value metabolites is presented. Bead formation is based on crosslinking of an alginate biopolymer and mineralisation of silicic acid in combination with a coacervation process between a polycation and the silica sol, forming a semi-permeable external membrane. The excellent mechanical strength and durability of the monodispersed beads and the control of their porosity and textural properties is achieved by tailoring the silica and alginate loading, polycation concentration and incubation time during coacervation. This process has led to the formation of a remarkably robust hybrid material that confers exceptional protection to live cells against sheer stresses and contamination in a diverse range of applications. Dunaliella tertiolecta encapsulated within this hybrid core–shell system display high photosynthetic activity over a long duration (>1 year). This sustainable biotechnology could find use in high value chemical harvests and biofuel cells to photosynthetic solar cells (energy transformation, electricity production, water splitting technologies). Furthermore the material can be engineered into various forms from spheres to variable thickness films, broadening its potential applications. 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 11 (2 ULg) Synthesis and anticancer activities of a novel class of mono- and di-metallic Pt(II)(salicylaldiminato)- (DMSO or Picolino)Cl complexesFaiz-Ur Rahman; Ali, Amjad ; Rong Guo et alin Dalton Transactions (2015)A series of novel Pt(II) complexes [cis- and trans-Pt(II)(salicylaldimine)(DMSO)Cl (C-1), trans-Pt(II)(salicylaldimine)( 4-picoline)Cl (C-2), Pt(II)(salicylaldimine)Cl (C-3), trans- and cis/trans-Pt2(II ... [more ▼]A series of novel Pt(II) complexes [cis- and trans-Pt(II)(salicylaldimine)(DMSO)Cl (C-1), trans-Pt(II)(salicylaldimine)( 4-picoline)Cl (C-2), Pt(II)(salicylaldimine)Cl (C-3), trans- and cis/trans-Pt2(II)(salicylaldimine) (DMSO)2Cl2 (C-4), trans-Pt2(II)(salicylaldimine)(4-picoline)2Cl2 (C-5) was synthesized and characterized. The structures of C-1-cis, C-1-trans and C-3 were determined using a single crystal X-ray analysis. This class of Pt(II) complexes has been studied for their in vitro cytotoxicity in multiple human cancer cell lines, including breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG2), lung (A549), colon (HCT116) and cervical (Hela) cancers. C-1- trans, C-2 and C-4-trans showed significant cytotoxicity to these cancer cells comparable to cisplatin. A time- and dose-dependent MTT assay revealed that these complexes can suppress cell viability and cell proliferation. Mechanistically these complexes induced pro-apoptotic gene expression such as BAX, PUMA and NOXA and thereby enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, PARP cleavage in a dose-dependent manner indicated their cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. Apoptosis of cancer cells occurred through apoptotic pathways as explained by the cytometry analysis. The DNA unwinding properties of these active Pt(II) complexes were studied by gel electrophoresis using pBR322 plasmid DNA as a target. Changes in the morphology of cancer cells were also observed upon the addition of C-1-trans, C-2 and C-4-trans. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 8 (0 ULg) Methionine-derived Schiff base as selective fluorescent “turn-on”chemosensor for Zn2+in aqueous medium and its application in livingcells imagingFaiz-Ur-Rahman; Ali, Amjad ; Rong Guo et alin Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical (2015)tWe describe the quantitative synthesis of a Schiff base derived from methionine and salicylaldehyde(SMSB) which displayed turn-on selective fluorescent chemo-sensing properties for Zn2+in bufferedCH3CN ... [more ▼]tWe describe the quantitative synthesis of a Schiff base derived from methionine and salicylaldehyde(SMSB) which displayed turn-on selective fluorescent chemo-sensing properties for Zn2+in bufferedCH3CN/H2O (1:1) solution. In physiological pH (7.2 buffered) SMSB exhibited high selectivity and sen-sitivity toward Zn2+over the other selected metal ions. Upon the addition of Zn2+33 folds of emissionenhancement was observed in SMSB and limit of detection (CL) for Zn2+was found to be 5.0 × 10−7M. Thisbinding phenomenon was studied by1H NMR and HR-MS analysis. Mass spectrometry analysis revealedthat SMSB interacts with Zn2+and form a 1:1 complex, also confirmed by Job’s plot. This probe wascompletely retrieved by adding EDTANa2solution, exhibited a fluorescent quenching effect by removingZn2+from the sensor. SMSB was observed to have a good tolerance for fluorescence detection of Zn2+in pH range 6–10. Furthermore it is successfully investigated for living cells imaging using MCF-7 cells.Combine experimental results indicated SMSB to be a useful and powerful chemosensing probe for Zn2+in water as well as in living cells. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 6 (0 ULg) In situ investigation of scCO2 assisted impregnation of drug into polymer by high pressure FTIR micro-spectroscopyChampeau, Mathilde ; Thomassin, Jean-Michel ; Jérôme, Christine et alin Analyst (2015), 140(3), 869-879An original experimental set-up combining a FTIR microscope with a high pressure cell has been built in order to analyze in-situ the impregnation of solute into microscopic polymer samples, such as fibers ... [more ▼]An original experimental set-up combining a FTIR microscope with a high pressure cell has been built in order to analyze in-situ the impregnation of solute into microscopic polymer samples, such as fibers or films, subjected to supercritical CO2. Thanks to this experimental set-up, key factors governing the impregnation process can be simultaneously followed such as the swelling of the polymeric matrix, the CO2 sorption, the kinetic of impregnation and the drug loading into the matrix. Moreover, the solute/polymer interactions and the speciation of the solute can be analyzed. We have monitored in situ the impregnation of aspirin and ketoprofen into PEO (Polyethylene Oxide) platelets at T=40°C and P=5; 10 and 15 MPa. The kinetic of impregnation of aspirin was quicker than the one of ketoprofen and the final drug loading was also higher in case of aspirin. Whereas the CO2 sorption and the PEO swelling remain constant when PEO is just subjected to CO2 under isobaric conditions, we noticed that both parameters can increase while the drug impregnates PEO. Coupling these results with DSC measurements, we underlined the plasticizing effect of the drug that also leads to decrease the crystallinity of PEO in situ thus favoring the sorption of CO2 molecules into the matrix and the swelling of the matrix. The plasticizing effect increases with the drug loading. Finally, the speciation of drug was investigated considering the shift of the carboxyl bands of the drugs. Both drugs were found to be mainly homogeneously dispersed into PEO. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 47 (9 ULg) Single Wavelength Coarse Phasing In Segmented TelescopesSimar, Juan Felipe in Applied Optics (2015), 54Space observations of fainter and more distant astronomical objects constantly require telescope primary mirrors with a larger size. The diameter of monolithic primary mirrors is limited to 10 m because ... [more ▼]Space observations of fainter and more distant astronomical objects constantly require telescope primary mirrors with a larger size. The diameter of monolithic primary mirrors is limited to 10 m because of manufacturing limitations. For space telescopes, the primary mirrors are limited to less than 5 m due to fairing capacity. Segmented primary mirrors thus constitute an alternative solution to deal with the steadily increase of the primary mirror size. The optical path di erence between the individual segments must be close to zero (few nm) in order to be di raction limited. We propose in this paper a new inter-segment piston sensor based on coherence measurement of a star image. This sensor is intended to be used in the co-phasing system of future segmented mirrors. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 66 (38 ULg) Revisiting the SN1987A gamma-ray limit on ultralight axion-like particlesPayez, Alexandre ; Evoli, Carmelo; Fischer, Tobias et alin Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics [= JCAP] (2015), 2015(02), 006We revise the bound from the supernova SN1987A on the coupling of ultralight axion-like particles (ALPs) to photons. In a core-collapse supernova, ALPs would be emitted via the Primakoff process, and ... [more ▼]We revise the bound from the supernova SN1987A on the coupling of ultralight axion-like particles (ALPs) to photons. In a core-collapse supernova, ALPs would be emitted via the Primakoff process, and eventually convert into gamma rays in the magnetic field of the Milky Way. The lack of a gamma-ray signal in the GRS instrument of the SMM satellite in coincidence with the observation of the neutrinos emitted from SN1987A therefore provides a strong bound on their coupling to photons. Due to the large uncertainty associated with the current bound, we revise this argument, based on state-of-the-art physical inputs both for the supernova models and for the Milky-Way magnetic field. Furthermore, we provide major amendments, such as the consistent treatment of nucleon-degeneracy effects and of the reduction of the nuclear masses in the hot and dense nuclear medium of the supernova. With these improvements, we obtain a new upper limit on the photon-ALP coupling: g_{a\gamma} < 5.3 x 10^{-12} GeV^{-1}, for m_a < 4.4 x 10^{-10} eV, and we also give its dependence at larger ALP masses. Moreover, we discuss how much the Fermi-LAT satellite experiment could improve this bound, should a close-enough supernova explode in the near future. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 18 (14 ULg) 18F-FPRGD2 PET/CT imaging of integrin αvβ3 in renal carcinomas: Correlation with histopathologyWITHOFS, Nadia ; SIGNOLLE, NICOLAS; SOMJA, Joan et alin Journal of Nuclear Medicine (The) (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 34 (8 ULg) Quaternary prevention, an answer of family doctors to overmedicalizationJamoulle, Marc in International Journal of Health Policy and Management (2015), 4((X)), 1-4In response to the questioning of Health Policy and Management (HPAM) by colleagues on the role of rank and file family physicians in the same journal, the author, a family physician in Belgium, is trying ... [more ▼]In response to the questioning of Health Policy and Management (HPAM) by colleagues on the role of rank and file family physicians in the same journal, the author, a family physician in Belgium, is trying to highlight the complexity and depth of the work of his colleagues and their contribution to the understanding of the organization and economy of healthcare. It addresses, in particular, the management of health elements throughout the ongoing relationship of the family doctor with his/her patients. It shows how the three dimensions of prevention, clearly included in the daily work, are complemented with the fourth dimension, quaternary prevention or prevention of medicine itself, whose understanding could help to control the economic and human costs of healthcare [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 391 (8 ULg) Challenges for imaging and therapy of musculoskeletal tumoursCOOK, GARY; HUSTINX, Roland in Clinical and Translational Imaging (2015)Detailed reference viewed: 21 (1 ULg) Contribution to the Macrophytic Typology of Belgian Reference WatercoursesGaloux, Daniel; Cherot, Frédéric; Rosillon, Francis et alin Advances in Botany (2015), Volume 2015, Article ID 651369The objective of the study is to create a typology of macrophytes for the reference watercourses of the Meuse River catchment ... [more ▼]The objective of the study is to create a typology of macrophytes for the reference watercourses of the Meuse River catchment basininWalloniaasasteptowardstheimplementationoftheEuropeanWaterFrameworkDirective.The50sitesstudiedarethe objectofaphysicochemicalandenvironmentalcharacterizationfollowedbyafloristicsurvey(phanerogams,mosses,liverworts, andmacroalgae).Sixclustersofwatercourseswiththeircharacteristicspeciesarehighlightedbytwo-wayclusteringandindicator species. The abundance of phanerogams in some watercourses of the Arden region is not only linked to light intensity but also dependsonthedegreeofslopeandthenatureofthegeologicalsubstrate [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 23 (3 ULg) Estimation of the Time Interval between the Administration of Heroin and the Sampling of Blood in Chronic InhalersDUBOIS, Nathalie ; HALLET, Claude ; SEIDEL, Laurence et alin Journal of Analytical Toxicology (2015)To develop a model for estimating the time delay between last heroin consumption and blood sampling in chronic drug users. Eleven patients, all heroin inhalers undergoing detoxification, were included in ... [more ▼]To develop a model for estimating the time delay between last heroin consumption and blood sampling in chronic drug users. Eleven patients, all heroin inhalers undergoing detoxification, were included in the study. Several plasma samples were collected during the detoxification procedure and analyzed for the heroin metabolites 6-acetylmorphine (6AM), morphine (MOR), morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G), according to a UHPLC/MSMS method. The general linear mixed model was applied to time-related concentrations and a pragmatic four-step delay estimation approach was proposed based on the simultaneous presence of metabolites in plasma. Validation of the model was carried out using the jackknife technique on the 11 patients, and on a group of 7 test patients. Quadratic equations were derived for all metabolites except 6AM. The interval delay estimation was 2–4 days when only M3G present in plasma, 1–2 days when M6G and M3G were both present, 0–1 day when MOR, M6G and M3G were present and <2 h for all metabolites present. The ‘jackknife’ correlation between declared and actual estimated delays was 0.90. The overall precision of the delay estimates was 8–9 h. The delay between last heroin consumption and blood sampling in chronic drug users can be satisfactorily predicted from plasma heroin metabolites. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 32 (15 ULg) Magnetic shielding of an inhomogenous magnetic field source by a bulk superconducting tubeHogan, Kevin ; Fagnard, Jean-François ; Wera, Laurent et alin Superconductor Science and Technology (2015), 28(3), 035011Bulk type-II irreversible superconductors can act as excellent passive magnetic shields, with a strong attenuation of low frequency magnetic fields. Up to now, the performances of superconducting magnetic ... [more ▼]Bulk type-II irreversible superconductors can act as excellent passive magnetic shields, with a strong attenuation of low frequency magnetic fields. Up to now, the performances of superconducting magnetic shields have mainly been studied in a homogenous magnetic field, considering only immunity problems, i.e. when the field is applied outside the tube and the inner field should ideally be zero. In this paper, we aim to investigate experimentally and numerically the magnetic response of a high-Tc bulk superconducting hollow cylinder at 77 K in an emission problem, i.e. when subjected to the non-uniform magnetic field generated by a source coil placed inside the tube. A bespoke 3-D mapping system coupled with a 3-axis Hall probe is used to measure the magnetic flux density distribution outside the superconducting magnetic shield. A finite element model is developed to understand how the magnetic field penetrates into the superconductor and how the induced superconducting shielding currents flow inside the shield in the case where the emitting coil is placed coaxially inside the tube. The finite element modelling is found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Results show that a concentration of the magnetic flux lines occurs between the emitting coil and the superconducting screen. This effect is observed both with the modelling and the experiment. In the case of a long tube, we show that the main features of the field penetration in the superconducting walls can be reproduced with a simple analytical 1D model. This model is used to estimate the maximum flux density of the emitting coil that can be shielded by the superconductor. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 33 (18 ULg) Differential Performance between Two Timber Species in Forest Logging Gaps and in Plantations in Central AfricaFayolle, Adeline ; Ouedraogo, Dakis-Yaoba ; Ligot, Gauthier et alin Forests (2015), 6(2), 380-394To develop silvicultural guidelines for high-value timber species of Central African moist forests, we assessed the performance of the pioneer Milicia excelsa (iroko, Moraceae), and of the non-pioneer ... [more ▼]To develop silvicultural guidelines for high-value timber species of Central African moist forests, we assessed the performance of the pioneer Milicia excelsa (iroko, Moraceae), and of the non-pioneer light demander Pericopsis elata (assamela, Fabaceae) in logging gaps and in plantations in highly degraded areas in south-eastern Cameroon. The survival and size of each seedling was regularly monitored in the silvicultural experiments. Differences in performance and allometry were tested between species in logging gaps and in plantations. The two species performance in logging gaps was significantly different from plantations and concurred with the expectations of the performance trade-off hypothesis but not with the expectations of species light requirements. The pioneer M. excelsa survived significantly better in logging gaps while the non-pioneer P. elata grew significantly faster in plantations. The high mortality and slow growth of M. excelsa in plantations is surprising for a pioneer species but could be explained by herbivory (attacks from a gall-making psyllid). Identifying high-value native timber species (i) with good performance in plantations such as P. elata is of importance to restore degraded areas; and (ii) with good performance in logging gaps such as M. excelsa is of importance to maintain timber resources and biodiversity in production forests. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 14 (2 ULg) The non-convex shape of (234) Barbara, the first BarbarianTanga, Paolo; Carry, B.; Colas, F. et alin Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2015)Asteroid (234) Barbara is the prototype of a category of asteroids that has been shown to be extremely rich in refractory inclusions, the oldest material ever found in the Solar System. It exhibits ... [more ▼]Asteroid (234) Barbara is the prototype of a category of asteroids that has been shown to be extremely rich in refractory inclusions, the oldest material ever found in the Solar System. It exhibits several peculiar features, most notably its polarimetric behavior. In recent years other objects sharing the same property (collectively known as ”Barbarians”) have been discovered. Interferometric observations in the mid-infrared with the ESO VLTI suggested that (234) Barbara might have a bi-lobated shape or even a large companion satellite. We use a large set of 57 optical lightcurves acquired between 1979 and 2014, together with the timings of two stellar occultations in 2009, to determine the rotation period, spin-vector coordinates, and 3-D shape of (234) Barbara, using two different shape reconstruction algorithms. By using the lightcurves combined to the results obtained from stellar occultations, we are able to show that the shape of (234) Barbara exhibits large concave areas. Possible links of the shape to the polarimetric properties and the object evolution are discussed. We also show that VLTI data can be modeled without the presence of a satellite [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 24 (8 ULg) New spectroscopic and polarimetric observations of the A0 supergiant HD 92207Hubrig, S.; Kholtygin, A. F.; Schöller, M. et alin Astronomische Nachrichten (2015), 336Our recent search for the presence of a magnetic field in the bright early A-type supergiant HD 92207 using FORS 2 in spectropolarimetric mode revealed the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field of the ... [more ▼]Our recent search for the presence of a magnetic field in the bright early A-type supergiant HD 92207 using FORS 2 in spectropolarimetric mode revealed the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field of the order of a few hundred Gauss. However, the definite confirmation of the magnetic nature of this object remained pending due to the detection of short-term spectral variability probably affecting the position of line profiles in left- and right-hand polarized spectra. We present new magnetic field measurements of HD 92207 obtained on three different epochs in 2013 and 2014 using FORS 2 in spectropolarimetric mode. A 3σ detection of the mean longitudinal magnetic field using the entire spectrum, _all=104±34 G, was achieved in observations obtained in 2014 January. At this epoch, the position of the spectral lines appeared stable. Our analysis of spectral line shapes recorded in opposite circularly polarized light, i.e. in light with opposite sense of rotation, reveals that line profiles in the light polarized in a certain direction appear slightly split. The mechanism causing such a behaviour in the circularly polarized light is currently unknown. Trying to settle the issue of short-term variability, we searched for changes in the spectral line profiles on a time scale of 8-10 min using HARPS polarimetric spectra and on a time scale of 3-4 min using time series obtained with the CORALIE spectrograph. No significant variability was detected on these time scales during the epochs studied. Based on observations collected with the CORALIE echelle spectrograph mounted on the 1.2-m Swiss telescope at La Silla Observatory, data obtained at the European Southern Observatory (ESO Prg. 092.D-0209(A), and data obtained from the ESO Science Archive Facility under request MSCHOELLER 102067). [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 14 (0 ULg) Economics of a decision-support system for managing the main fungal diseases of winter wheat in the Grand-Duchy of LuxembourgEl Jarroudi, Moussa ; Kouadio, Louis; Beyer, Marco et alin Field Crops Research (2015), 172(2), 32-41We evaluated the cost effectiveness of a decision-support system (DSS) developed for assessing in real time the risk of progression of the main fungal diseases (i.e., Septoria leaf blotch, powdery mildew ... [more ▼]We evaluated the cost effectiveness of a decision-support system (DSS) developed for assessing in real time the risk of progression of the main fungal diseases (i.e., Septoria leaf blotch, powdery mildew, leaf rusts and Fusarium head blight) of winter wheat in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg (GDL). The study was conducted in replicated field experiments located in four agricultural locations (representative of the main agro-ecological regions of the country) over a 10-year period (2003-2012). Three fungicide spray strategies were compared: a single DSS-based system and two commonly used spray practices in the GDL, a double- (2T)- and a triple- spray (3T) spray treatment; there was also a non-treated control. In years with a high disease pressure, the DSS-based recommendation resulted in protection of the three upper leaves comparable to that achieved with the 2T and 3T treatments, with significant grain yield increases (P > 0.05) compared to the control (a 4 to 42% increase, depending on the site and year). Overall, the financial gain in treated plots compared with the control ranged from 3 to 16% at the study sites. Furthermore, in seasons when dry weather conditions precluded epidemic development, no the DSS-basedDSS recommended no fungicide spray was recommended, reducing use of fungicide, and thus saving the cost of the product. The gain in yield for the 2T and 3T plots (compared with control) did not necessarily result in a financial gain during the duration of the experiment. This study demonstrates the potential advantages and profitability of using a DSS -based approach for disease management. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 16 (2 ULg) Self-assembly of a triblock terpolymer mediated by hydrogen-bonded complexesGuerlain, Claire; Piogé, Sandie; Detrembleur, Christophe et alin Journal of Polymer Science. Part A, Polymer Chemistry (2015), 53(3), 459-467A poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-polystyrene (PMMA-b-P4VP-b-PS) triblock terpolymer is synthesized by ATRP to study its self-assembly with PAA in organic solvents. The self ... [more ▼]A poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-polystyrene (PMMA-b-P4VP-b-PS) triblock terpolymer is synthesized by ATRP to study its self-assembly with PAA in organic solvents. The self-assembly behavior of this system is compared with the one of a mixture of two diblocks, namely polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) and poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(methacrylic acid) (PMMA-b-PMAA). For both systems, formation of hydrogen-bonded complexes between the P4VP and PMAA or PAA blocks occurs. These complexes become insoluble in the solvent used and micelles with a P4VP/P(M)AA complexes core surrounded by PS and PMMA coronal chains are obtained in both cases. These micelles are analyzed by DLS and TEM. Spherical micelles are formed for both systems but the hydrodynamic radii obtained for the two types of micelles are different. Indeed, the micelles formed by the PMMA-b-P4VP-b-PS + PAA system are smaller than those observed for the PS-b-P4VP + PMMA-b-PMAA system. Finally, the effect of the molar ratio of the P4VP/PMAA complexing blocks is investigated. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 15 (1 ULg) The summer 2012 Greenland heat wave: in situ and remote sensing observations of water vapour isotopic composition during an atmospheric river event†Bonne, JL; Steen-Larsen, HC; Risi, C. et alin Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres (2015)During July 7-12, 2012, extreme moist and warm conditions occurred over Greenland, leading to widespread surface melt. To investigate the physical processes during the atmospheric moisture transport of ... [more ▼]During July 7-12, 2012, extreme moist and warm conditions occurred over Greenland, leading to widespread surface melt. To investigate the physical processes during the atmospheric moisture transport of this event, we study the water vapour isotopic composition using surface in situ observations in Bermuda Island, South Greenland coast (Ivittuut) and Northwest Greenland ice sheet (NEEM), as well as remote sensing observations (IASI instrument on-board MetOp-A), depicting propagation of similar surface and mid-tropospheric humidity and δD signals. Simulations using Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic and water tagging in a regional model showed that Greenland was affected by an atmospheric river transporting moisture from the western subtropical North Atlantic Ocean, which is coherent with observations of snow pit impurities deposited at NEEM. At Ivittuut, surface air temperature, humidity and δD increases are observed. At NEEM, similar temperature increase is associated with a large and long-lasting ~100 δD enrichment and ~15 deuterium excess decrease, thereby reaching Ivittuut level. We assess the simulation of this event in two isotope-enabled atmospheric general circulation models (LMDz-iso and ECHAM5-wiso). LMDz-iso correctly captures the timing of propagation for this event identified in IASI data but depict too gradual variations when compared to surface data. Both models reproduce the surface meteorological and isotopic values during the event but underestimate the background deuterium excess at NEEM. Cloud liquid water content parametrization in LMDz-iso poorly impacts the vapour isotopic composition. Our data demonstrate that during this atmospheric river event the deuterium excess signal is conserved from the moisture source to Northwest Greenland. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 27 (1 ULg) A comparison between visual estimates and image analysis measurements to determine Septoria leaf blotch severity in winter wheatEl Jarroudi, Moussa ; Kouadio, Louis; Mackels, Christophe et alin Plant Pathology (2015)Methods to estimate disease severity vary in accuracy, reliability, ease of use and cost. Severity of Septoria leaf blotch (SLB, caused by Zymoseptoria graminicola) was estimated by four raters and by ... [more ▼]Methods to estimate disease severity vary in accuracy, reliability, ease of use and cost. Severity of Septoria leaf blotch (SLB, caused by Zymoseptoria graminicola) was estimated by four raters and by image analysis (assumed actual values) on individual leaves of winter wheat in order to explore accuracy and reliability of estimates, and to ascertain whether there were any general characteristics of error. Specifically, (i) we determined the accuracy and reliability of visual assessments of SLB over the full range of severity from 0 to 100%, and we investigated (ii) whether certain 10% ranges in actual disease severity between 0 and 100% were more prone to estimation error compared with others, and (iii) whether leaf position affected accuracy within those ranges. Lin's concordance correlation analysis of all severities (0 to 100%) demonstrated that all raters had estimates close to the actual values (agreement: ρc = 0.92-0.99). However, agreement between actual SLB severities and estimates by raters was less good when compared over short 10% subdivisions within the 0-100% range (ρc = -0.12 to 0.99). Despite common rater imprecision at estimating low and high SLB severities, individual raters differed considerably in their accuracy over the short 10% subdivisions. There was no effect of leaf position on accuracy or precision of severity estimate on separate leaves (L1-L3). Pursuing efforts in understanding error in disease estimation should aid in improving the accuracy of assessments, making visual estimates of disease severity more useful for research and applied purposes. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 12 (0 ULg) TRAPPIST monitoring of comet C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)Opitom, Cyrielle ; Jehin, Emmanuel ; Manfroid, Jean et alin Astronomy and Astrophysics (2015), 574We report the results of the long-term narrowband photometry and imaging monitoring of comet C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) with the robotic TRAPPIST telescope (La Silla Observatory). Observations covered 52 nights ... [more ▼]We report the results of the long-term narrowband photometry and imaging monitoring of comet C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) with the robotic TRAPPIST telescope (La Silla Observatory). Observations covered 52 nights pre- and post-perihelion between December 11, 2012, and June 11, 2013 (perihelion: 24 March, 2013). We followed the evolution of the OH, NH, CN, C[SUB]3[/SUB], and C[SUB]2[/SUB] production rates computed with the Haser model as well as the evolution of the A(θ)fρ parameter as a proxy for the dust production. All five gas species display similar slopes for the heliocentric dependence. An asymmetry about perihelion is observed, the rate of brightening being steeper than the rate of fading. The chemical composition of the comet's coma changes slightly along the orbit: the relative abundance of C[SUB]2[/SUB] to CN increases with the heliocentric distance (r) below -1.4 au and decreases with r beyond 1.4 au while the C[SUB]3[/SUB]-to-CN ratio is constant during our observations. The behavior of the dust is different from that of the gas, the slope of the heliocentric dependence becoming steeper in early February, correlated to a change in the visual lightcurve slope. However, the dust color does not vary during the observations. The application of several enhancement techniques on the images revealed structures in the CN, C[SUB]3[/SUB], and C[SUB]2[/SUB] images. These features imply the existence of one or several active zone(s) on the comet nucleus. The shape of the structures is similar in these three filters and changes from a roughly hourglass shape in December and January to a corkscrew shape in February and March. The structures in the continuum filters (sampling the dust) are not correlated to those observed for the gas. During several full nights in February, we observed changes in the CN and C[SUB]2[/SUB] structures that repeated periodically because of the nucleus rotation, our derived rotational period being of 9.52 ± 0.05 h. Full Tables 2, 4, 6 are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/574/A38 [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 15 (2 ULg) A Review of Pharmaceutical Extrusion: Critical Process Parameters and Scaling-upThiry, Justine ; Krier, Fabrice ; Evrard, Brigitte in International Journal of Pharmaceutics (2015), 479(1), 227-240Hot melt extrusion has been a widely used process in the pharmaceutical area for three decades. In this field, it is important to optimize the formulation in order to meet specific requirements. However ... [more ▼]Hot melt extrusion has been a widely used process in the pharmaceutical area for three decades. In this field, it is important to optimize the formulation in order to meet specific requirements. However, the process parameters of the extruder should be as much investigated as the formulation since they have a major impact on the final product characteristics. Moreover, a design space should be defined in order to obtain the expected product within the defined limits. This gives some freedom to operate as long as the processing parameters stay within the limits of the design space. Those limits can be investigated by varying randomly the process parameters but it is recommended to use design of experiments. An examination of the literature is reported in this review to summarize the impact of the variation of the process parameters on the final product properties. Indeed, the homogeneity of the mixing, the state of the drug (crystalline or amorphous), the dissolution rate, the residence time, can be influenced by variations in the process parameters. In particular, the impact of the following process parameters: temperature, screw design, screw speed and feeding, on the final product, has been reviewed. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 37 (14 ULg) Jean-Michel Mouton, Dominique Sourdel, Janine Sourdel-Thomine: Mariage et séparation à Damas au Moyen Âge: un corpus de 62 documents juridiques inédits entre 337/948 et 698/1299. (Documents relatifs à l'histoire des croisades. vol. XXI) 326 pp. Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 2013. €40. ISBN 978-2-87754-296-8.Bauden, Frédéric in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (2015), 78(1), 182-184Detailed reference viewed: 30 (1 ULg) Epidémiologie de la lithiase urinaire sur base d'une analyse morpho-constitutionnelleCastiglione, Vincent ; JOURET, François ; Bruyère, Olivier et alin Néphrologie & Thérapeutique (2015), 11Urolithiasis is a common condition, with a prevalence of 10% and a male/female ratio above 1 according to large national series. Various types of urinary stones have been described upon their mineral ... [more ▼]Urolithiasis is a common condition, with a prevalence of 10% and a male/female ratio above 1 according to large national series. Various types of urinary stones have been described upon their mineral content and/or their morphology. Hence, a combined morpho-constitutional (M-C) classification has been proposed. In order to detail the prevalence of urolithiasis in general and of each M-C type in particular upon age and gender in Belgium, we retrospectively studied the database of a reference center for urolithiasis analysis. Between 2010 and 2013, 2195 stones were characterized. We excluded 45 nonbiological stones and 281 stones, which originated from outside the study zone. Among 1869 stones,1293 (69.2%) affected men. Prevalence peak of urolithiasis was observed between 50–60 years of age in both genders. The M-C analysis was available for 1854 stones (99.2%): multiple morphological types were concomitantly identified in 49.3%. In the whole population, the main mineral constituent was whewellite (54.4%), mainly organized as type Ia (94%). Weddellite was found in 19.8%, with an equal distribution between types IIa and IIb. Uric acid was the 3rd most frequent constituent in man, with a similar distribution between IIIa and IIIb. Phosphate was uncommon in man (8.2%), but frequent in woman (26.6%) with a type IVa1 organization. Prevalence of M-C types changes with aging, i.e. decrease of weddellite and increase of whewellite and uric acid in both genders. This retrospective analysis of a single-center database of urinary stones helps characterize the M-C epidemiology of urolithiasis in Belgium. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 56 (31 ULg) Increased tree-growth synchronization of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in response to climate change in northwestern EuropeLatte, Nicolas ; Lebourgeois, François; Claessens, Hugues in Dendrochronologia (2015), 33To better understand how the radial growth of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) high forests has responded to climate change, we selected 12 sites (137 trees) with optimal growing conditions along a W − E ... [more ▼]To better understand how the radial growth of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) high forests has responded to climate change, we selected 12 sites (137 trees) with optimal growing conditions along a W − E altitudinal gradient (67–590 m) in Belgium. We evaluated temporal changes in growth response to climate by using pointer year analysis, moving mean sensitivities (1860–2011), and moving bootstrapped correlation coefficients (1952–2011). The strongest driving climatic variables were identified by using the partial least squares method. The common patterns of growth trends, pointer years, and mean sensitivities among sites provided evidences for the impact of environmental changes operating at a regional scale. The results of growth–climate analysis indicated that these changes were strongly influenced by the climatic conditions of the previous year. The climate sensitivity of beech increased progressively in response to more frequent and intense heat waves and warming-related droughts, especially during recent decades, leading to remarkable inter-site synchronization. The changes were much more pronounced for sites located in lowlands (<300 m). The differences in growth responses along the altitudinal gradient and the consequences of warming for beech growth and physiology are discussed. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 38 (12 ULg) Withdrawal time for sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim following treatment of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus)Tran Minh, Phu; Scippo, Marie-Louise ; Nguyen Thanh, Phuong et alin Aquaculture (2015), 437Detailed reference viewed: 16 (2 ULg) How to Assess Data Availability, Accessibility and Format for Risk Analysis?Humblet, Marie-France ; Vandeputte, Sébastien; Mignot, Clémence et alin Transboundary and Emerging Diseases (2015), doi: 10.1111/tbed.12328Risk assessments are mostly carried out based on available data, which do not reflect all data theoretically required by experts to answer them. This study aimed at developing a methodology to assess data ... [more ▼]Risk assessments are mostly carried out based on available data, which do not reflect all data theoretically required by experts to answer them. This study aimed at developing a methodology to assess data availability, accessibility and format, based on a scoring system and focusing on two diseases: Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE), still exotic to Europe, and alveolar echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus multilocularis (EM), endemic in several Member States (MSs). After reviewing 36 opinions of the EFSA-AHAW Panel on risk assessment of animal health questions, a generic list of needed data was elaborated. The methodology consisted, first, in implementing a direct and an indirect survey to collect the data needed for both case studies: the direct survey consisted in a questionnaire sent to contact points of three European MSs (Belgium, France and the Netherlands), and the organization of a workshop gathering experts on both diseases. The indirect survey, focusing on the three MSs involved in the direct survey plus Spain, relied on web searches. Secondly, a scoring system with reference to data availability, accessibility and format was elaborated, to, finally, compare both diseases and data between MSs. The accessibility of data was generally related to their availability. Web searches resulted in more data available for VEE compared to EM, despite its current exotic status in the European Union. Hypertext markup language and portable document files were the main formats of available data. Data availability, accessibility and format should be improved for research scientists/assessors. The format of data plays a key role in the feasibility and rapidness of data management and analysis, through a prompt compilation, combination and aggregation in working databases. Harmonization of data collection process is encouraged, according to standardized procedures, to provide useful and reliable data, both at the national and the international levels for both animal and human health; it would allow assessing data gaps through comparative studies. The present methodology is a good way of assessing the relevance of data for risk assessment, as it allows integrating the uncertainty linked to the quality of data used. Such an approach could be described as transparent and traceable and should be performed systematically. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 10 (0 ULg) A revised DR Congo mining code could lead to a decrease in Chinese investment in the countryWintgens, Sophie in Africa at LSE (2015)As China shows indications of being willing to fall in line with international standards on procuring conflict minerals, this article examines the strategic issues facing China as DR Congo seeks to revise ... [more ▼]As China shows indications of being willing to fall in line with international standards on procuring conflict minerals, this article examines the strategic issues facing China as DR Congo seeks to revise its mining code. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 19 (4 ULg) On modular decompositions of system signaturesMarichal, Jean-Luc; Mathonet, Pierre in Journal of Multivariate Analysis (2015), 134Considering a semicoherent system made up of $n$ components having i.i.d. continuous lifetimes, Samaniego defined its structural signature as the $n$-tuple whose $k$-th coordinate is the probability that ... [more ▼]Considering a semicoherent system made up of $n$ components having i.i.d. continuous lifetimes, Samaniego defined its structural signature as the $n$-tuple whose $k$-th coordinate is the probability that the $k$-th component failure causes the system to fail. This $n$-tuple, which depends only on the structure of the system and not on the distribution of the component lifetimes, is a very useful tool in the theoretical analysis of coherent systems. It was shown in two independent recent papers how the structural signature of a system partitioned into two disjoint modules can be computed from the signatures of these modules. In this work we consider the general case of a system partitioned into an arbitrary number of disjoint modules organized in an arbitrary way and we provide a general formula for the signature of the system in terms of the signatures of the modules. The concept of signature was recently extended to the general case of semicoherent systems whose components may have dependent lifetimes. The same definition for the $n$-tuple gives rise to the probability signature, which may depend on both the structure of the system and the probability distribution of the component lifetimes. In this general setting, we show how under a natural condition on the distribution of the lifetimes, the probability signature of the system can be expressed in terms of the probability signatures of the modules. We finally discuss a few situations where this condition holds in the non-i.i.d. and nonexchangeable cases and provide some applications of the main results. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 21 (0 ULg) Erzählen im Zeitalter des Internets Daniel Kehlmanns "Ruhm" und Daniel Glattauers "Gut gegen Nordwind"Dupont, Bruno in Germanica (2015), 55(2014), 189-207Detailed reference viewed: 41 (6 ULg) BLUES ALL DAY LONG- The Jimmy Rogers story - compte renduSacré, Robert in ABS Magazine (2015), (45 Février 2015), 15Biographie de Jimmy Rogers par Wayne Everett GoinsDetailed reference viewed: 10 (0 ULg) Systematic qualitative review of randomised trials conducted in nonsmall cell lung cancer with a noninferiority or equivalence designPaesmans, Marianne; Grigoriu, Bogdan; Ocak, Sebahat et alin European Respiratory Journal (2015), 45(2), 511-524The use of noninferiority randomised trials for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer has emerged during the past 10–15 years but has raised some issues related to their justification and ... [more ▼]The use of noninferiority randomised trials for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer has emerged during the past 10–15 years but has raised some issues related to their justification and methodology. The present systematic review aimed to assess trial characteristics and methodological aspects. All randomised clinical trials with a hypothesis of noninferiority/equivalence, published in English, were identified. Several readers extracted a priori defined methodological information. A qualitative analysis was then performed. We identified 20 randomised clinical trials (three phase II and 17 phase III), 11 of them being conducted in strong collaboration with industry. We highlighted some deficiencies in the reports like the lack of justification for both the noninferiority assumption and the definition of the noninferiority margin, as well as inconsistencies between the results and the authors’ conclusions. CONSORT guidelines were better followed for general items than for specific items (p<0.001). Improvement in the reporting of the meth"odology of noninferiority/equivalence trials is needed to avoid misleading interpretation and to allow readers to be fully aware of the assumptions underlying the trial designs. They should be restricted to limited specific situations with a strong justification why a noninferiority hypothesis is acceptable. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 11 (2 ULg) Standardisation of milk mid-infrared spectra from a European dairy networkGrelet, Clément ; Fernandez Pierna, Juan Antonio; Dardenne, Pierre et alin Journal of Dairy Science (2015), 98http://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(15)00091-0/abstractDetailed reference viewed: 19 (4 ULg) Management and systemic treatment of clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma: BSMO expert panel recommendationsEl Ali, Z; Van Brummelen, D; Wolter, P et alin Belgian Journal of Medical Oncology [=BJMO] (2015), 9(1), Detailed reference viewed: 20 (0 ULg) Chylothorax et pseudochylothorax: contraste a partir de deux observations.Berg, J.; GUIOT, Julien ; HEINEN, Vincent et alin Revue Médicale de Liège (2015), 70(2), 73-7We report two cases of lipidic pleural effusion: an arthritis-associated pseudochylothorax and a chylous pleural effusion in a HIV seropositive patient. The incidence of lipidic pleural effusions is low ... [more ▼]We report two cases of lipidic pleural effusion: an arthritis-associated pseudochylothorax and a chylous pleural effusion in a HIV seropositive patient. The incidence of lipidic pleural effusions is low, especially for pseudochylothorax. We review their clinical characteristics and management. [less ▲] B fields in OB stars (BOB): on the detection of weak magnetic fields in the two early B-type stars beta CMa and epsilon CMaFossati, L.; Castro, N.; Morel, Thierry et alin Astronomy and Astrophysics (2015), 574Within the context of the "B fields in OB stars (BOB)" collaboration, we used the HARPSpol spectropolarimeter to observe the early B-type stars beta CMa (HD44743; B1 II/III) and epsilon CMa (HD52089; B1.5 ... [more ▼]Within the context of the "B fields in OB stars (BOB)" collaboration, we used the HARPSpol spectropolarimeter to observe the early B-type stars beta CMa (HD44743; B1 II/III) and epsilon CMa (HD52089; B1.5 II). For both stars, we consistently detected the signature of a weak (<30 G in absolute value) longitudinal magnetic field. We determined the physical parameters of both stars and characterise their X-ray spectrum. For beta CMa, our mode identification analysis led to determining a rotation period of 13.6+/-1.2 days and of an inclination angle of the rotation axis of 57.6+/-1.7 degrees, with respect to the line of sight. On the basis of these measurements and assuming a dipolar field geometry, we derived a best fitting obliquity of ~22 degrees and a dipolar magnetic field strength (Bd) of ~100 G (60 Aims: Our aim is to measure some of the properties (inner radius, brightness profile, shape) of the inner regions of circumstellar disk surrounding southern T Tauri stars.