Controlling flux flow dissipation by changing flux pinning in superconducting films

in Applied Physics Letters (2012), 100

We study the flux flow state in superconducting materials characterized by rather strong intrinsic pinning, such as Nb, NbN, and nanostructured Al thin films, in which we drag the superconducting ... [more ▼]

We study the flux flow state in superconducting materials characterized by rather strong intrinsic pinning, such as Nb, NbN, and nanostructured Al thin films, in which we drag the superconducting dissipative state into the normal state by current biasing. We modify the vortex pinning strength either by ion irradiation, by tuning the measuring temperature or by including artificial pinning centers. We measure critical flux flow voltages for all materials and the same effect is observed: switching to low flux flow dissipations at low fields for an intermediate pinning regime. This mechanism offers a way to additionally promote the stability of the superconducting state. [less ▲]

Faut-il faire la sociologie des singes ?

in SociologieS (en ligne) (2012)

Drawing its examples from the field of ethology and primatology, this paper brings three points to the debate on the naturalization in sociology. The first one insists on the importance of telling apart ... [more ▼]

Drawing its examples from the field of ethology and primatology, this paper brings three points to the debate on the naturalization in sociology. The first one insists on the importance of telling apart what is innate and what is not in the “innate social abilities” that are hypothesized by Kaufmann & Cordonier. The second one shows that when scientists see the animal communication as purely informative, they miss the fact that animals are first of all real beings engaged in affective interactions. They consequently wrongfully end up with animals that “calculate” or “make choices”. The third point looks at some recent work about cooperation in Apes and shows that behavioural scientists tend to assign to the animals themselves social knowledge that is actually situated in the situation. The paper concludes about the boundaries and limitations of biology when it comes to explain social facts in animals. It suggests that social sciences should begin to explore empirically this no man’s land where social and biological facts interact. Doing so, social sciences could go towards specifying “what” is inherited in social competences, and limiting the evolutionary hold on social facts. [less ▲]

Microsatellite polymorphism in Tunisian pomegranates (Punica granatum L.): Cultivar genotyping and identification

in Biochemical Systematics & Ecology (2012), 44

Specific microsatellites (SSRs) markers were used to characterize a set of 32 Tunisian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Using 13 SSR primers, a total of 40 alleles and 46 genotypes have been ... [more ▼]

Specific microsatellites (SSRs) markers were used to characterize a set of 32 Tunisian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Using 13 SSR primers, a total of 40 alleles and 46 genotypes have been identified. As a result, data proved that a high level of polymorphism characterizes the Tunisian pomegranate germplasm at the DNA level. The derived Neighbour-joining (NJ) dendrogram constructed using DAS genetic distances exhibited a genetic diversity structured independently from the geographical origin of cultivars and their denomination. This result suggested that a common genetic basis may characterize Tunisian pomegranate cultivars despite their phenotypic divergences. Furthermore, based on the multilocus genotypes a cultivar’s identification key has been established and permitted to unambiguously differentiate between varieties. The obtained results are discussed in term of establishment and management of a national collection of pomegranate varieties, conformity checks, identification of homonyms and synonyms, and screening of the local resources. Furthermore, this microsatellite-based key is a first step towards a marker-assisted identification pomegranate database. [less ▲]

Microsatellite polymorphism in Tunisian pomegranates (Punica granatum L.): Cultivar genotyping and identification

in Biochemical Systematics & Ecology (2012), 44

Specific microsatellites (SSRs) markers were used to characterize a set of 32 Tunisian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Using 13 SSR primers, a total of 40 alleles and 46 genotypes have been ... [more ▼]

Specific microsatellites (SSRs) markers were used to characterize a set of 32 Tunisian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Using 13 SSR primers, a total of 40 alleles and 46 genotypes have been identified. As a result, data proved that a high level of polymorphism characterizes the Tunisian pomegranate germplasm at the DNA level. The derived Neighbour-joining (NJ) dendrogram constructed using DAS genetic distances exhibited a genetic diversity structured independently from the geographical origin of cultivars and their denomination. This result suggested that a common genetic basis may characterize Tunisian pomegranate cultivars despite their phenotypic divergences. Furthermore, based on the multilocus genotypes a cultivar’s identification key has been established and permitted to unambiguously differentiate between varieties. The obtained results are discussed in term of establishment and management of a national collection of pomegranate varieties, conformity checks, identification of homonyms and synonyms, and screening of the local resources. Furthermore, this microsatellite-based key is a first step towards a marker-assisted identification pomegranate database. [less ▲]

Evidence for a partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in postnatal stages of rat auditory organ morphogenesis.

in Histochemistry & Cell Biology (2012)

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in the differentiation of many tissues and organs. So far, an EMT was not detected in the development of the auditory organ. To determine ... [more ▼]

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in the differentiation of many tissues and organs. So far, an EMT was not detected in the development of the auditory organ. To determine whether an EMT may play a role in the morphogenesis of the auditory organ, we studied the spatial localization of several EMT markers, the cell-cell adhesion molecules and intermediate filament cytoskeletal proteins, in epithelium of the dorsal cochlea during development of the rat Corti organ from E18 (18th embryonic day) until P25 (25th postnatal day). We examined by confocal microscopy immunolabelings on cryosections of whole cochleae with antibodies anti-cytokeratins as well as with antibodies anti-vimentin, anti-E-cadherin and anti-β-catenin. Our results showed a partial loss of E-cadherin and β-catenin and a temporary appearance of vimentin in pillar cells and Deiters between P8 and P10. These observations suggest that a partial EMT might be involved in the remodelling of the Corti organ during the postnatal stages of development in rat. [less ▲]

Auditory Resting-State Network Connectivity in Tinnitus: a Functionnal MRI Study.

in PLoS ONE (2012)

The underlying functional neuroanatomy of tinnitus remains poorly understood. Few studies have focused on functional cerebral connectivity changes in tinnitus patients. The aim of this study was to test ... [more ▼]

The underlying functional neuroanatomy of tinnitus remains poorly understood. Few studies have focused on functional cerebral connectivity changes in tinnitus patients. The aim of this study was to test if functional MRI ‘‘resting-state’’ connectivity patterns in auditory network differ between tinnitus patients and normal controls. Thirteen chronic tinnitus subjects and fifteen age-matched healthy controls were studied on a 3 tesla MRI. Connectivity was investigated using independent component analysis and an automated component selection approach taking into account the spatial and temporal properties of each component. Connectivity in extra-auditory regions such as brainstem, basal ganglia/NAc, cerebellum, parahippocampal, right prefrontal, parietal, and sensorimotor areas was found to be increased in tinnitus subjects. The right primary auditory cortex, left prefrontal, left fusiform gyrus, and bilateral occipital regions showed a decreased connectivity in tinnitus. These results show that there is a modification of cortical and subcortical functional connectivity in tinnitus encompassing attentional, mnemonic, and emotional networks. Our data corroborate the hypothesized implication of non-auditory regions in tinnitus physiopathology and suggest that various regions of the brain seem involved in the persistent awareness of the phenomenon as well as in the development of the associated distress. leading to disabling chronic tinnitus. [less ▲]

HST/STIS spectroscopy of the magnetic Of?p star HD 108: the low state at ultraviolet wavelengths

in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2012), 422

We present the first ultraviolet spectrum of the peculiar, magnetic Of?p star HD 108 obtained in its spectroscopic low state. The new data, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on ... [more ▼]

We present the first ultraviolet spectrum of the peculiar, magnetic Of?p star HD 108 obtained in its spectroscopic low state. The new data, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope, reveal significant changes compared to IUE spectra obtained in the high state: N Vλ1240, Si IVλ1400 and C IVλ1550 present weaker P Cygni profiles (less absorption) in the new data, while N IVλ1718 absorption is deeper, without the clear wind signature evident in the high state. Such changes contrast with those found in other magnetic massive stars, where more absorption is observed in the resonance doublets when the sightline is close to the plane of the magnetic equator. The new data show also that the photospheric Fe IV forest, at ˜1600-1700 Å, has strengthened compared to previous observations. The ultraviolet variability is large compared to that found in typical, non-magnetic O stars, but moderate when compared to the high-/low-state changes reported in the optical spectrum of HD 108 over several decades. We use non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) expanding-atmosphere models to analyse the new STIS observations. Overall, the results are in accord with a scenario in which the optical variability is mainly produced by magnetically constrained gas, close to the photosphere. The relatively modest changes found in the main ultraviolet wind lines suggest that the stellar wind is not substantially variable on a global scale. Nonetheless, multidimensional radiative-transfer models may be needed to understand some of the phenomena observed. [less ▲]

On the sensitivity of closure phases to faint companions in optical long baseline interferometry

in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2012), 541

We explore the sensitivity and completeness of long baseline interferometric observations for detecting unknown, faint companions around bright unresolved stars. We derive a linear expression for the ... [more ▼]

We explore the sensitivity and completeness of long baseline interferometric observations for detecting unknown, faint companions around bright unresolved stars. We derive a linear expression for the closure phase signature of a faint companion in the high contrast regime (<0.1), and provide a quantitative estimation of the detection efficiency for the currently offered four-telescope configurations at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer. The results are compared to the performances provided by linear and Y-shaped interferometric configurations in order to identify the ideal array. We find that all configurations have a similar efficiency in discovering companions wider than 10mas. Assuming a closure phase accuracy of 0.25deg, that is typical of state-of-the-art instruments, we predict a median dynamic range of up to six magnitudes when stacking observations obtained at five different hour angles. Surveying bright stars to search for faint companions can be considered as an ideal filler programme for modern interferometric facilities because that places few constraints on the choice of the interferometric configuration. [less ▲]

The Struve-Sahade effect in the optical spectra of O-type binaries. I. Main-sequence systems (Corrigendum)

in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2012), 541

Not Available.

Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. XXII. CoRoT-16b: a hot Jupiter with a hint of eccentricity around a faint solar-like star

in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2012), 541

<BR /> Aims: We report the discovery of CoRoT-16b, a low density hot jupiter that orbits a faint G5V star (mV = 15.63) in 5.3523 ± 0.0002 days with slight eccentricity. A fit of the data with no a priori ... [more ▼]

<BR /> Aims: We report the discovery of CoRoT-16b, a low density hot jupiter that orbits a faint G5V star (mV = 15.63) in 5.3523 ± 0.0002 days with slight eccentricity. A fit of the data with no a priori assumptions on the orbit leads to an eccentricity of 0.33 ± 0.1. We discuss this value and also derive the mass and radius of the planet. <BR /> Methods: We analyse the photometric transit curve of CoRoT-16 given by the CoRoT satellite, and radial velocity data from the HARPS and HIRES spectrometers. A combined analysis using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to get the system parameters. <BR /> Results: CoRoT-16b is a 0.535 -0.083/+0.085 M[SUB]J[/SUB], 1.17 -0.14/+0.16 R[SUB]J[/SUB] hot Jupiter with a density of 0.44 -0.14/+0.21 g cm[SUP]-3[/SUP]. Despite its short orbital distance (0.0618 ± 0.0015 AU) and the age of the parent star (6.73 ± 2.8 Gyr), the planet orbit exhibits significantly non-zero eccentricity. This is very uncommon for this type of objects as tidal effects tend to circularise the orbit. This value is discussed taking into account the characteristics of the star and the observation accuracy. The CoRoT space mission, launched on December 27, 2006, has been developed and is operated by the CNES with the contribution of Austria, Belgium, Brasil, ESA, Germany, and Spain.Observations made with the HARPS spectrograph at ESO La Silla Observatory (HARPS programs 083.C-0186 and 184.C-0639) and the HIRES spectrograph at the Keck Observatory (NASA-Keck programs N035Hr, N143Hr and N095Hr). [less ▲]

Teaching and learning normal gynecological ultrasonography using simple virtual reality objects: a proposal for a standardized approach

in Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology (2012), 39

Physicochemical properties of pH-controlled polyion complex (PIC) micelles of poly(acrylic acid)-based double hydrophilic block copolymers and various polyamines

in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (2012), 403

The physicochemical properties of polyion complex (PIC) micelles were investigated in order to characterize the cores constituted of electrostatic complexes of two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The ... [more ▼]

The physicochemical properties of polyion complex (PIC) micelles were investigated in order to characterize the cores constituted of electrostatic complexes of two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The pH-sensitive micelles were obtained with double hydrophilic block copolymers containing a poly(acrylic acid) block linked to a modified poly(ethylene oxide) block and various polyamines (polylysine, linear and branched polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyridine, and polyallylamine). The pH range of micellization in which both components are ionized was determined for each polyamine. The resulting PIC micelles were characterized using dynamic light scattering and smallangle X-ray scattering experiments (SAXS). The PIC micelles presented a core–corona nanostructure with variable polymer density contrasts between the core and the corona, as revealed by the analysis of the SAXS curves. It was shown that PIC micelle cores constituted by polyacrylate chains and polyamines were more or less dense depending on the nature of the polyamine. It was also determined that the density of the cores of the PIC micelles depended strongly on the nature of the polyamine. These homogeneous cores were surrounded by a large hairy corona of hydrated polyethylene oxide block chains. Auramine O (AO) was successfully entrapped in the PIC micelles, and its fluorescence properties were used to get more insight on the core properties. Fluorescence data confirmed that the cores of such micelles are quite compact and that their microviscosity depended on the nature of the polyamine. The results obtained on these core–shell micelles allow contemplating a wide range of applications in which the AO probe would be replaced by various cationic drugs or other similarly charged species to form drug nanocarriers or new functional nanodevices. [less ▲]

Se réaliser comme sujet dans un atelier-théâtre pour tenter de « s’en sortir ». Mises en scène de tensions au sein d’une politique de la subjectivité

in SociologieS (2012)

Partant d’un terrain d’investigation spécifique, l’atelier-théâtre, les auteurs proposent d’interroger les manières dont s’opère la mise au travail du sujet sur lui-même et plus précisément, d’en saisir ... [more ▼]

Partant d’un terrain d’investigation spécifique, l’atelier-théâtre, les auteurs proposent d’interroger les manières dont s’opère la mise au travail du sujet sur lui-même et plus précisément, d’en saisir les socles techniques et anthropologiques. Dans un premier temps, ils resituent le dispositif théâtral au cœur des évolutions actuelles des politiques sociales. Dans un second temps, ils s’attachent à la description des pratiques d’entrée en subjectivité à partir d’un double travail, tout en soulignant les fondements anthropologiques et sociologiques autour d’un « existentialisme du défi » amenant des publics précarisés à tenter de s’en sortir. Enfin, sont soulignées les limites, tensions et paradoxes de ces dispositifs créatifs. Au terme de cette analyse, le travail en atelier-théâtre, impulsé par des comédiens-animateurs auprès de personnes fragilisées, apparaît ouvrir une voie féconde pour une meilleure connaissance des « politiques de la subjectivité ». [less ▲]

Succéder en Contexte Postcolonial Africain: l'ambigüité chiffrée au travers de l'exemple camerounais

in Revue Européenne de Psychologie et de Droit (2012)

En matière culturelle, l’Africain postcolonial est partagé entre les normes traditionnelles (ou ancestrales) et modernes (ou héritées du colon). Si la description de cette dualité abonde dans la ... [more ▼]

En matière culturelle, l’Africain postcolonial est partagé entre les normes traditionnelles (ou ancestrales) et modernes (ou héritées du colon). Si la description de cette dualité abonde dans la littérature, la question du taux de connaissance de cette dualité, de son acceptation et de sa défense préoccupe très peu. Pourtant, elle devrait permettre de connaitre l’étendue de l’ambigüité qui anime les populations. Cet article répond à ce déficit et présente un état des lieux auprès de 1013 victimes du choc de normes successorales (tradition vs. modernité) en contexte postcolonial camerounais. Au préalable, les 6 points d’opposition entre les deux normes sont présentés. L’historique de la dualité juridique à l’origine de ces contrastes et le fondement psycho-anthropologique des visions du monde fondatrices de l’une et l’autre norme permettent de cerner l’irréductibilité des oppositions. [less ▲]

Le diagramme entre perception visuelle et mathématique

in Visible (2012), 8

Ce texte s’interroge sur la spécificité de l’image scientifique par rapport à d’autres outils de représentation et d’autres statuts de l’image – tel que le statut artistique. Il propose des éléments de ... [more ▼]

Ce texte s’interroge sur la spécificité de l’image scientifique par rapport à d’autres outils de représentation et d’autres statuts de l’image – tel que le statut artistique. Il propose des éléments de réflexion à partir de trois questions principales : 1) est-ce qu’on peut élaborer une définition de l’image scientifique qui soit commune à toutes les disciplines scientifiques ? 2) Quels types de rapport s’établissent entre les images scientifiques et les images artistiques ? S’agit-il d’une différence ontologique ou bien pragmatique ? 3) Est-ce que le dispositif de l’image trouve son terme opposé dans le texte verbal, suivant l’ancienne distinction entre analogue et digital ? Est-ce que par contre l’image trouve son terme opposé dans le langage formel des mathématiques ? [less ▲]

Les maladies complexes : l'hypertension artérielle

in Revue Médicale de Liège (2012), 67(5-6), 279-285

Essential hypertension, defined as a blood pressure equal to or above 140/90 mmHg, is a common (25% of the population), but complex disease the phenotype of which results from interactions between ... [more ▼]

Essential hypertension, defined as a blood pressure equal to or above 140/90 mmHg, is a common (25% of the population), but complex disease the phenotype of which results from interactions between numerous genes and environmental factors. The role attributable to genetic factors amounts to some 25% among hypertensive families, but can reach 65% when monozygotic twins are compared. In the present state of our knowledge, there is no hope to obtain a genetic test of value for the diagnosis and prognosis of hypertension. An individualized environmental approach, applied early in life, is the only worhtwhile attitude. Nonetheless, in the presence of a subject with still normal blood pressure values, but with a family history of hypertension, the physician should firmly recommend an appropriate hygieno-dietetic lifestyle with a view to lower blood pressure, or retard the development of arterial hypertension. [less ▲]

La réécriture du référentiel des compétences terminales et savoirs communs dans l’enseignement qualifiant : enjeux et opportunités

in Puzzle. Revue du Centre interfacultaire de formation des enseignants de l'ULg (2012), n°31

Important differences in management policies for children with end-stage renal disease in the Netherlands and Belgium--report from the RICH-Q study.

in Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association (2012), 27(5), 1984-92

BACKGROUND: The low prevalence of childhood end-stage renal disease and the small centre sizes have been a barrier for clinical studies and the development of evidence-based guidelines for chronic renal ... [more ▼]

BACKGROUND: The low prevalence of childhood end-stage renal disease and the small centre sizes have been a barrier for clinical studies and the development of evidence-based guidelines for chronic renal replacement therapy (cRRT) in children. Few data exist on the quality of care for these patients and the applicability of existing guidelines. The aim of this study is to quantify variation in treatment policies and actually delivered care in nine centres that deliver cRRT for children. METHODS: We surveyed treatment policies in all nine centres in the Netherlands and Belgium and compared them with the actually provided therapies and with recommendations from available guidelines. Data on treatment policies were gathered by questionnaires; actually provided care and outcomes were registered prospectively from 2007 to 2010. RESULTS: Data on policies and actual patient care were obtained from all nine centres. We found relevant differences between centres in treatment policies on various topics, e.g. estimated glomerular filtration rate threshold as an indication for initiation of cRRT, preferred initial mode of cRRT, peritoneal dialysis catheter care, haemodialysis frequency and vascular access. Discrepancies were seen between stated treatment policies and actual performed therapies. For the majority of policies, no evidence-based guidelines are available. CONCLUSIONS: Health care disparities exist due to large and unwanted variation in treatment policies between hospitals providing cRRT for children. Delivered care does not live up to stated policies, for which clear and internationally accepted guidelines are lacking. [less ▲]

Imaging artificial salt water infiltration using electrical resistivity tomography constrained by geostatistical data

in Journal of Hydrology (2012), 438-439

Electrical resistivity tomography is a well-known technique to monitor fresh-salt water transitions. In such environments, boreholes are often used to validate geophysical results but rarely used to ... [more ▼]

Electrical resistivity tomography is a well-known technique to monitor fresh-salt water transitions. In such environments, boreholes are often used to validate geophysical results but rarely used to constrain the geoelectrical inversion. To estimate the extent of salt water infiltration in the dune area of a Natural Reserve (Westhoek, Belgium), electrical resistivity tomography profiles were carried out together with borehole electromagnetic measurements. The latter were used to calculate a vertical variogram, representative of the study site. Then, a geostatistical constraint, in the form of an a priori model covariance matrix based on the variogram, was imposed as regularization to solve the electrical inverse problem. Inversion results enabled to determine the extension of the salt water plume laterally and at depth, but also to estimate the total dissolved solid content within the plume. These results are in agreement with the hydrogeological data of the site. A comparison with borehole data showed that the inversion results with geostatistical constraints are much more representative of the seawater body (in terms of total dissolved solids, extension and height) than results using standard smoothness-constrained inversion. The field results obtained for the Westhoek site emphasize the need to go beyond standard smoothness-constrained images and to use available borehole data as prior information to constrain the inversion. [less ▲]

Autécologie du frêne commun (Fraxinus excelsior L.) et du frêne oxyphylle (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl)

in Forêt-Entreprise (2012), (204), 9-12

Les Belges peints par eux-mêmes. Une littérature m(it)oyenne

in Interférences Littéraires = Literaire Interferenties (2012), 8

Haute pression théorique sur le territoire francophone de la sociologie des groupes professionnels

in SociologieS (2012)

Large-scale identification of selenium metabolites by online size-exclusion-reversed phase liquid chromatography with combined inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) and electrospray ionization linear trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n))

in Metallomics (2012), 4(5), 422-432

A method was developed for the comprehensive cartography of the selenium metabolites synthesized in the process of conversion of selenite [Se(IV)] into organic compounds and enrichment of yeast with ... [more ▼]

A method was developed for the comprehensive cartography of the selenium metabolites synthesized in the process of conversion of selenite [Se(IV)] into organic compounds and enrichment of yeast with selenium. The number of compounds detected was considerably increased (49) owing to the optimization of the fractionation procedure and the use of UPLC. The increased purity of the minor selenoorganic amino acids and oligopeptides allowed successful on-line de-novo identification based on the exact mass (o1 ppm) and fragmentation (MS2/MS3) mass spectra obtained with high resolution and high mass accuracy. The quality of mass spectra allowed the re-interpretation of previously reported structures of some selenium species. [less ▲]

Nanoporous thin films from ionically connected diblock copolymers

in European Polymer Journal (2012), 48(5), 940-944

An ionically connected polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer (PS−+PEO) has been prepared by blending a PEO block functionalized by a dimethylamino group at one extremity with a sulfonic ... [more ▼]

An ionically connected polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer (PS−+PEO) has been prepared by blending a PEO block functionalized by a dimethylamino group at one extremity with a sulfonic acid terminated PS block. Proton transfer occurs from the sulfonic acid to the dimethylamino group, resulting in the formation of an ion pair acting as a junction between the two polymer blocks. This copolymer was further used to prepare thin films with a cylindrical morphology consisting of PEO cylinders embedded in a PS matrix and oriented perpendicularly to the film surface. Nanoporous thin films with sulfonate groups on the pore walls have been finally obtained after solvent extraction of the PEO microphases. The presence of those sulfonate groups was evidenced by grafting a positively charged fluorescent dye on the pore walls. [less ▲]

Is the KIID sufficient to associate portfolios to investor profiles?

in Bankers, Markets, Investors [=BMI] (2012), (118), 14-22

With the Key Investor Information Document (KID), the new UCITS IV framework brings a useful standardized and simplified scheme to explain the risk of mutual funds to non-professional investors. The ... [more ▼]

With the Key Investor Information Document (KID), the new UCITS IV framework brings a useful standardized and simplified scheme to explain the risk of mutual funds to non-professional investors. The Synthetic Risk and Reward Indicator (SRRI) methodology defines how to assess a volatility equivalent for each type of funds, and recognizes the specificities of various types of investment vehicles in the process. The SRRI rests upon two key principles: (i) risk-volatility mapping: the level of risk can be adequately translated by the volatility of returns; and (ii) reward to volatility: there must be a positive connection between the level of risk borne by the individual investor and the associated reward in terms of returns. We show that the SRRI methodology does not guarantee that these two principles are respected in practice. By forcing any type of risk to be translated into a volatility estimate, the approach overlooks investor’s heterogeneity in the definition of risk. The SRRI synthetic approach is powerless to adequately reflect the trade-off between normal and extreme risks the way it is perceived by individual investors. It also ignores that fund returns are not necessarily only related to volatility. We show that the KID does not replace a proper investment profiling system. The analysis of investor profiles is a necessary complement to the KID in order to provide adequate advice to investors. We provide an approach, based on the linear-exponential utility function, that enables the financial advisor to address the heterogeneity of investors when defining the risk of an investment portfolio. [less ▲]

Polémique autour de l'huile de palme: Instantanés d'un secteur en crise

in Industries Alimentaires et Agricoles (2012), 2012(Mai-Juin), 42-47

Les maladies complexes : l'hypertension artérielle

in Revue Médicale de Liège (2012), 67(5-6), 279-285

Essential hypertension, defined as a blood pressure equal to or above 140/90 mmHg, is a common (25% of the population), but complex disease the phenotype of which results from interactions between ... [more ▼]

Essential hypertension, defined as a blood pressure equal to or above 140/90 mmHg, is a common (25% of the population), but complex disease the phenotype of which results from interactions between numerous genes and environmental factors. The role attributable to genetic factors amounts to some 25% among hypertensive families, but can reach 65% when monozygotic twins are compared. In the present state of our knowledge, there is no hope to obtain a genetic test of value for the diagnosis and prognosis of hypertension. An individualized environmental approach, applied early in life, is the only worhtwhile attitude. Nonetheless, in the presence of a subject with still normal blood pressure values, but with a family history of hypertension, the physician should firmly recommend an appropriate hygieno-dietetic lifestyle with a view to lower blood pressure, or retard the development of arterial hypertension. [less ▲]

Physical and mechanical properties of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) wood grown in Belgium

in Revue canadienne de recherche forestière (2012), 42(5), 831-840

The objective of this study was to characterize black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) wood on the basis of its physical and mechanical properties. The results are compared with those reported in the ... [more ▼]

The objective of this study was to characterize black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) wood on the basis of its physical and mechanical properties. The results are compared with those reported in the literature for English oak (Quercus robur L.), teak (Tectona grandis L. f.), and afzelia (Afzelia sp.), since black locust is likely to be used for the same purposes as the former species. The variations between sites, trees, and radial positions in the trunk were also studied. The physical and mechanical properties of black locust wood were evaluated on clear wood specimens taken from 27 trees distributed over five sites in Wallonia (Belgium) according to Belgian and French standards. Most of the black locust’s mechanical properties are higher than those of oak and teak. The black locust is classified as a “mid-heavy” (734 kg·m–3) and “half-hard” (5.22) wood type with very high resilience (17.2 J·cm–2), modulus of elasticity (15 700 MPa), and tensile strength in static bending (138 MPa). Its resilience is exceptional, higher than that of teak and afzelia, while its modulus of elasticity and bending strength, which surpass those of teak, are comparable with those of afzelia. Black locust shows high total volumetric shrinkage (16%), placing it in the “nervous” class, average tangential (8.8%) and radial shrinkage (5.5%) as well as average axial compressive (63 MPa) and splitting strength (17.8 N·mm–1). No technological incompatibilities would prevent the use of this wood for many value-added purposes (floor, deck, exterior woodwork, and furniture); however, significant shrinkage makes it necessary to condition the wood to its service moisture. [less ▲]

Financial Development and Economic Growth: an Empirical Investigation of the Role of Banks and Institutional Investors

in Applied Financial Economics (2012), 22(20), 1719-1725

This paper gives a new light on the finance-growth nexus through the investigation of the role of institutional investors as providers of risk diversification in the process of economic growth. We make ... [more ▼]

This paper gives a new light on the finance-growth nexus through the investigation of the role of institutional investors as providers of risk diversification in the process of economic growth. We make use of panel cointegration techniques to study the potential long run relationship between economic growth, banking development and institutional investors in 6 OECD countries. Our results highlight some heterogeneity in the long run relationship between financial development and growth. Institutional investors are shown to support long run economic growth in only 2 countries. We also report a negative long run relationship between both indicators of financial development. [less ▲]

Demain ne meurt jamais, ou les « écofictions » décryptées. Compte rendu de CHELEBOURG Christian, Les écofictions. Mythologies de la fin du monde »

in Culture, le Magazine Culturel de l'Université de Liège (2012)

Les mises en garde catastrophistes sur l’avenir écologique de la planète font partie de notre quotidien culturel et audio-visuel depuis une bonne décennie. Des imaginaires multiples en résultent. Ils ... [more ▼]

Les mises en garde catastrophistes sur l’avenir écologique de la planète font partie de notre quotidien culturel et audio-visuel depuis une bonne décennie. Des imaginaires multiples en résultent. Ils constituent les résidus médiatiques de ces discours et représentations convergeant dans l’urgence d’une situation planétaire trop complaisamment présentée comme courant à sa perte. Christian Chelebourg les baptise « écofictions » et les soumet avec virtuosité à une salutaire lecture qui révèle tout à la fois leurs fondements narratifs et leurs implications sociales. [less ▲]

Detection of disease resistance and susceptibility alleles in pigs using oligonucleotide microarray hybridization

in Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation (2012), 24(3), 479-488

A multiplex DNA microarray chip aimed at the identification of allelic polymorphisms was developed for simultaneous detection of swine disease resistance genes underlying malignant hyperthermia (RYR ... [more ▼]

A multiplex DNA microarray chip aimed at the identification of allelic polymorphisms was developed for simultaneous detection of swine disease resistance genes underlying malignant hyperthermia (RYR ), postweaning diarrhea, edema disease (FUT1), neonatal diarrhea (MUC4), and influenza (MX1). The on-chip detection was performed with fragmented polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified products. Particular emphasis was placed on the reduction of the number of PCR reactions required. The targets were biotin labeled during the PCR reaction, and the arrays were detected using a colorimetric methodology. Target recognition was provided by specific capture probes designed for each susceptible or resistant allelic variant. Sequencing was chosen as the golden standard to assess chip’s accuracy. All genotypes retrieved from the microarray (476) fitted with sequencing data in spite of the fact that each pig was heterozygote for at least 1 target gene. [less ▲]

L'étude de la violence scolaire, des incivilités et des situations scolaires difficile: de la nécessité d'une approche théorique multiple

in Puzzle (2012), 31

Seasonal variations in vitamin D levels in melanoma patients: a single-centre prospective pilot comparative study

in Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology (2012), 26(5), 651-3

BACKGROUND: More than 90% of vitamin D synthesis is dependent on UV exposure. Photosensitive disorders such as lupus erythematosus, protoporphyria and xeroderma require strict sun avoidance, and vitamin D ... [more ▼]

BACKGROUND: More than 90% of vitamin D synthesis is dependent on UV exposure. Photosensitive disorders such as lupus erythematosus, protoporphyria and xeroderma require strict sun avoidance, and vitamin D deficiency has been demonstrated in these patients. Melanoma patients are also instructed to avoid sun exposure and may hence be expected to be vitamin D deficient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Winter and summer vitamin D levels were compared in a group of melanoma patients (n =61) and age- and phototype-matched controls (n = 53) without photosensitive disorders. RESULTS: Oral supplementary vitamin D intake was reported in 32.7% of the melanoma patients and in 15.1% in the control group. Despite oral supplementation, only 25% of the melanoma patients and the controls presented with vitamin D levels of 30 ng/mL or higher. In non-supplemented subjects in the melanoma and control groups, respectively, mean winter vitamin D levels were below the recommended threshold at 12.6 ng/mL vs. 13.2 ng/mL, respectively, but not statistically different. These values increased significantly in both groups during the summer to 24.6 and 23.8 ng/mL respectively. CONCLUSION: Unexpected, significant increases in vitamin D levels were seen in melanoma patients during summer, suggesting non-adherence with photoprotective measures and reflecting a heliophilic behaviour. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended in melanoma patients during both winter and summer. [less ▲]

Effect of concentration temperature on some bioactive compounds and antioxidant proprieties of date syrup

in Food Science & Technology International (2012)

Biomolecule-based antibacterial coating on a stainless steel surface: multilayer film build-up optimization and stability study.

in Biofouling (2012), 28(4), 395-404

The goal of this paper was to establish the durability profile of antibacterial multilayer thin films under storage and usage conditions. Thin films were built on stainless steel (SS) by means of a layer ... [more ▼]

The goal of this paper was to establish the durability profile of antibacterial multilayer thin films under storage and usage conditions. Thin films were built on stainless steel (SS) by means of a layer-by-layer process alternating a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, polyacrylic acid, with a cationic antibacterial peptide, nisin. SS coupons coated with the antibacterial film were challenged under environmental and usage conditions likely to be encountered in real-world applications. The change in antibacterial activity elicited by the challenge was used as an indicator of multilayer film resistance. Antibacterial SS samples could be stored for several weeks at 4°C in ambient air and antibacterial films were resistant to dipping and mild wiping in water and neutral detergent. The multilayer coating showed some weaknesses, however, that need to be addressed. [less ▲]

Cornering the axionlike particle explanation of quasar polarizations

in Physical Review. D : Particles and Fields (2012), 85(8), 087701

In a series of papers, it has been shown that the distribution of polarization position angles for visible light from quasars is not random in extremely large regions of the sky. As explained in a recent ... [more ▼]

In a series of papers, it has been shown that the distribution of polarization position angles for visible light from quasars is not random in extremely large regions of the sky. As explained in a recent article, the measurement of vanishing circular polarization for such quasars is an important problem for a mechanism involving the mixing with axionlike particles in external magnetic fields. In this paper, we stress that a recent report of similar coherent orientations of polarization in radio waves further disfavors the need for such particles, as an effect at these wavelengths would be extremely suppressed or would directly contradict data. [less ▲]

Statistical interpretation of machine learning-based feature importance scores for biomarker discovery

in Bioinformatics (2012), 28(13), 1766-1774

Motivation: Univariate statistical tests are widely used for biomarker discovery in bioinformatics. These procedures are simple, fast and their output is easily interpretable by biologists but they can ... [more ▼]

Motivation: Univariate statistical tests are widely used for biomarker discovery in bioinformatics. These procedures are simple, fast and their output is easily interpretable by biologists but they can only identify variables that provide a significant amount of information in isolation from the other variables. As biological processes are expected to involve complex interactions between variables, univariate methods thus potentially miss some informative biomarkers. Variable relevance scores provided by machine learning techniques, however, are potentially able to highlight multivariate interacting effects, but unlike the p-values returned by univariate tests, these relevance scores are usually not statistically interpretable. This lack of interpretability hampers the determination of a relevance threshold for extracting a feature subset from the rankings and also prevents the wide adoption of these methods by practicians. Results: We evaluated several, existing and novel, procedures that extract relevant features from rankings derived from machine learning approaches. These procedures replace the relevance scores with measures that can be interpreted in a statistical way, such as p-values, false discovery rates, or family wise error rates, for which it is easier to determine a significance level. Experiments were performed on several artificial problems as well as on real microarray datasets. Although the methods differ in terms of computing times and the tradeoff, they achieve in terms of false positives and false negatives, some of them greatly help in the extraction of truly relevant biomarkers and should thus be of great practical interest for biologists and physicians. As a side conclusion, our experiments also clearly highlight that using model performance as a criterion for feature selection is often counter-productive. [less ▲]

Must be trained in geriatric medicine

in British Medical Journal (2012)

Localization of superconductivity in superconductor–electromagnet hybrids

in Superconductor Science and Technology (2012), 25

We investigate the nucleation of superconductivity in a superconducting Al strip under the influence of the magnetic field generated by a current-carrying Nb wire, perpendicularly oriented and located ... [more ▼]

We investigate the nucleation of superconductivity in a superconducting Al strip under the influence of the magnetic field generated by a current-carrying Nb wire, perpendicularly oriented and located underneath the strip. The inhomogeneous magnetic field, induced by the Nb wire, produces a spatial modulation of the critical temperature Tc, leading to a controllable localization of the superconducting order parameter (OP) wavefunction. We demonstrate that close to the phase boundary Tc(Bext) the localized OP solution can be displaced reversibly by either applying an external perpendicular magnetic field Bext or by changing the amplitude of the inhomogeneous field. [less ▲]

Physical Fitness and Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity in Horse Skeletal Muscle

in PLoS ONE (2012), 7(4), 1-12

We applied high-resolution respirometry and multiple substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration protocols to study mitochondrial physiology in small (1.0–2.5 mg) permeabilized muscle fibres sampled from ... [more ▼]

We applied high-resolution respirometry and multiple substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration protocols to study mitochondrial physiology in small (1.0–2.5 mg) permeabilized muscle fibres sampled from triceps brachii of healthy horses. The present investigation on horse skeletal muscle has tested the methodology used to study mitochondrial function in muscle microbiopsies by high-resolution respirometry to define reference protocols for horses (from sampling procedure to data analysis). [less ▲]

The inseminating bull and plasma pregnancy-associated glycoprotein levels were related to peripheral leukocyte counts during the late pregnancy/early postpartum period in high-producing dairy cows.

in Theriogenology (2012), 77(7), 1390-1397

The interest in the immunology and endocrinology aspects of the peripartum in dairy cows has been increasing in the last years, since the animal status during the pre- and postpartum period determines the ... [more ▼]

The interest in the immunology and endocrinology aspects of the peripartum in dairy cows has been increasing in the last years, since the animal status during the pre- and postpartum period determines the subsequent productive and reproductive performance of the animal. At parturition, a drop in the immune functions of the peripheral blood polymorph-nuclear cells (PMN) was observed after a peak of Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins (PAGs) and recently, the inseminating bull was found to affect the plasma levels of bovine Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins (bovine PAGs) in the pregnant Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. The present work was aimed to determine whether changes in leukocyte counts during the peripartum, indicative of the animal immune status, could be related to the inseminating bull and to the levels of plasma pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs). Ninety six clinically healthy, single pregnant cows were selected in a commercial dairy herd. Six blood samples (four prepartum and two postpartum) were obtained every two weeks, and total and differential blood cell counts were analyzed. Based on procedures of General Linear Model analysis of variance for repeated measures, the inseminating bull affected counts of total leukocytes and lymphocytes (P<0.001; between-subject effects) throughout the peripartum period. In addition, cows with high plasma levels of PAGs (>900 ρg/µL) on Day 262-268 of gestation had higher numbers of total leukocytes and neutrophils throughout the peripartum period (P<0.001; between-subject effects). Young animals (≤ 1 lactation) had higher total leukocyte and lymphocytes counts than older cows (two or more lactations) throughout the study period. These results showed a clear relationship between the inseminating bull and plasma PAG levels and peripheral leukocyte counts during the peripartum period of dairy cows. [less ▲]

Janet Frame in East-West Encounters

in Journal of Postcolonial Writing (2012)

Through a close scrutiny of Janet Frame’s life and work, it is my intention in this essay to suggest that Buddhism proved an irresistible magnet for the author’s inquisitive spirit and that it played an ... [more ▼]

Through a close scrutiny of Janet Frame’s life and work, it is my intention in this essay to suggest that Buddhism proved an irresistible magnet for the author’s inquisitive spirit and that it played an important part in the shaping of her poetics. In effect, we shall see under what circumstances Frame’s encounter with the East took place and the extent to which notions such as the empirical mind or knowledge, the Great Death of the ego and the non-duality of the world permeate her oeuvre. The underlying concern in the second part of the essay shall be to buttress the claim that Frame constantly seeks ways through which the infinite and the other can be approached, but not corrupted, by the perceiving self, and that she found in the Buddhist epistemology a pathway towards such alterity. Thus, against the grain of mainstream criticism which maintains that one cannot explore “beyond,” a Buddhist navigation of Frame’s texts leads one to the surprising notion that the unharnessed world (or the infinite) which human beings are unable to embrace is, so to speak, right under their nose so that, between ‘this’ world of limited perceptions and ‘that’ world of the beyond, the boundary is as thick or as thin as the walls of a self-made conceptual prison. [less ▲]

Identification and characterization of a new xylanase from Gram-positive bacteria isolated from termite gut (Reticulitermes santonensis))

in Protein Expression & Purification (2012), 83(2), 117-127

Global Modeling of X-Ray Spectra Produced in O-type Star Winds

in Astrophysical Journal (2012), 748

High-resolution X-ray spectra of O-type stars revealed less wind absorption than expected from smooth winds with conventional mass-loss rates. Various solutions have been proposed, including porous winds ... [more ▼]

High-resolution X-ray spectra of O-type stars revealed less wind absorption than expected from smooth winds with conventional mass-loss rates. Various solutions have been proposed, including porous winds, optically thick clumps, or an overall reduction of the mass-loss rates. The latter has a strong impact on the evolution of the star. Our final goal is to analyze high-resolution X-ray spectra of O-type stars with a multi-temperature plasma model in order to determine crucial stellar and wind parameters such as the mass-loss rate, the CNO abundances, and the X-ray temperature plasma distribution in the wind. In this context we are developing a modeling tool to calculate synthetic X-ray spectra. We present here the main ingredients and physics necessary for such a work. Our code uses the most recent version of the AtomDB emissivities to compute the intrinsic emissivity of the hot plasma as well as the CMFGEN model atmosphere code to evaluate the opacity of the cool wind. Following the comparison between two formalisms of stellar wind fragmentation, we introduce, for the first time in X-rays, the effects of a tenuous inter-clump medium. We then explore the quantitative impact of different model parameters on the X-ray spectra such as the position in the wind of the X-ray emitting plasma. For the first time, we also show that the two formalisms of stellar wind fragmentation yield different results, although the differences for individual lines are small and can probably not be tested with the current generation of X-ray telescopes. As an illustration of our method, we compare various synthetic line profiles to the observed O VIII λ18.97 line in the spectrum of ζ Puppis. We illustrate how different combinations of parameters can actually lead to the same morphology of a single line, underlining the need to analyze the whole spectrum in a consistent way when attempting to constrain the parameters of the wind. [less ▲]

Division IV / Working Group on Massive Stars

in Transactions of the International Astronomical Union, Series B (2012), 28

Our Working Group (WG) studies massive, luminous stars, both individually and in resolved and unresolved populations, with historical focus on early-type (OB) stars, A-supergiants, and Wolf-Rayet stars ... [more ▼]

Our Working Group (WG) studies massive, luminous stars, both individually and in resolved and unresolved populations, with historical focus on early-type (OB) stars, A-supergiants, and Wolf-Rayet stars. Our group also studies lower mass stars (e.g., central stars of planetary nebulae and their winds) which display features similar or related to those present in massive stars, and thus may improve our understanding of the physical processes occurring in massive stars. In recent years, massive red supergiants that evolve from hot stars have been included into our activities as well. We emphasize the role of massive stars in other branches of astrophysics, particularly regarding the First Stars, long duration Gamma-Ray bursts, formation of massive stars and their feedback on star formation in general, pulsations of massive stars, and starburst galaxies. [less ▲]

Rossiter-McLaughlin effect measurements for WASP-16, WASP-25 and WASP-31★

in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2012)

We present new measurements of the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect for three Wide Angle Search for transiting Planets (WASP) planetary systems, WASP-16, WASP-25 and WASP-31, from a combined analysis of ... [more ▼]

We present new measurements of the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect for three Wide Angle Search for transiting Planets (WASP) planetary systems, WASP-16, WASP-25 and WASP-31, from a combined analysis of their complete sets of photometric and spectroscopic data. We find a low-amplitude RM effect for WASP-16 (T[SUB]eff[/SUB]= 5700 ± 150 K), suggesting that the star is a slow rotator and thus of an advanced age, and obtain a projected alignment angle of ?. For WASP-25 (T[SUB]eff[/SUB]= 5750 ± 100 K), we detect a projected spin-orbit angle of λ= 14°.6 ± 6°.7. WASP-31 (T[SUB]eff[/SUB]= 6300 ± 100 K) is found to be well aligned, with a projected spin-orbit angle of λ= 2°.8 ± 3°.1. A circular orbit is consistent with the data for all three systems, in agreement with their respective discovery papers. We consider the results for these systems in the context of the ensemble of RM measurements made to date. We find that whilst WASP-16 fits the hypothesis of Winn et al. that 'cool' stars (T[SUB]eff[/SUB] < 6250 K) are preferentially aligned, WASP-31 has little impact on the proposed trend. We bring the total distribution of the true spin-orbit alignment angle, ψ, up to date, noting that recent results have improved the agreement with the theory of Fabrycky & Tremaine at mid-range angles. We also suggest a new test for judging misalignment using the Bayesian information criterion, according to which WASP-25 b's orbit should be considered to be aligned. [less ▲]

Editorial

in Carnet de Notes sur les Maltraitances Infantiles (2012), 1

L'ancien institut de stomatologie à Bavière en sursis

in Nouvelles du Patrimoine (Les) (2012), 135

Imposing periodic boundary condition on arbitrary meshes by polynomial interpolation

in Computational Materials Science (2012), 55

In order to predict the effective properties of heterogeneous materials using the finite element approach, a boundary value problem (BVP) may be defined on a representative volume element (RVE) with ... [more ▼]

In order to predict the effective properties of heterogeneous materials using the finite element approach, a boundary value problem (BVP) may be defined on a representative volume element (RVE) with appropriate boundary conditions, among which periodic boundary condition is the most efficient in terms of convergence rate. The classical method to impose the periodic boundary condition requires the identical meshes on opposite RVE boundaries. This condition is not always easy to satisfy for arbitrary meshes. This work develops a new method based on polynomial interpolation that avoids the need of matching mesh condition on opposite RVE boundaries. [less ▲]

Natural Killer cells - role in local tumor growth and metastasis

in Biologics: Targets and Therapy (2012)

Historically, the name of Natural Killer (NK) cells came from their natural ability to kill tumor cells in vitro. From the seventies to date, accumulating data highlighted the importance of NK cells in ... [more ▼]

Historically, the name of Natural Killer (NK) cells came from their natural ability to kill tumor cells in vitro. From the seventies to date, accumulating data highlighted the importance of NK cells in host immune response against cancer and in therapy-induced anti-tumor response. The recognition and the lysis of tumor cells by NK cells are regulated by a complex balance of inhibitory and activating signals. This review summarizes NK cell mechanisms to kill cancer cells, their role in host immune responses against tumor growth or metastasis and their implications in anti-tumor immunotherapies via cytokines, antibodies or in combination with other therapies. The regulatory role of NK cells in autoimmunity is also discussed. [less ▲]