9 Sagittarii: uncovering an O-type spectroscopic binary with an 8.6 year period

in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2012), 542

Context. The O-type object 9 Sgr is a well-known synchrotron radio emitter. This feature is usually attributed to colliding-wind binary systems, but 9 Sgr was long considered a single star. <BR /> Aims ... [more ▼]

Context. The O-type object 9 Sgr is a well-known synchrotron radio emitter. This feature is usually attributed to colliding-wind binary systems, but 9 Sgr was long considered a single star. <BR /> Aims: We have conducted a long-term spectroscopic monitoring of this star to investigate its multiplicity and search for evidence for wind-wind interactions. <BR /> Methods: Radial velocities are determined and analysed using various period search methods. Spectral disentangling is applied to separate the spectra of the components of the binary system. <BR /> Results: We derive the first ever orbital solution of 9 Sgr. The system is found to consist of an O3.5 V((f[SUP]+[/SUP])) primary and an O5-5.5 V((f)) secondary moving around each other on a highly eccentric (e = 0.7), 8.6 year orbit. The spectra reveal no variable emission lines that could be formed in the wind interaction zone in agreement with the expected properties of the interaction in such a wide system. <BR /> Conclusions: Our results provide further support to the paradigm of synchrotron radio emission from early-type stars being a manifestation of interacting winds in a binary system. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory (La Silla, Chile and Cerro Paranal, Chile) and the San Pedro Mártir observatory (Mexico).Appendix A is available in electronic form at <A href="http://www.aanda.org">http://www.aanda.org</A>The reduced spectra are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/542/A95">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/542/A95</A> [less ▲]

Automédication des céphalées fréquentes : étude dans les officines belges.

in Journal de Pharmacie de Belgique (2012), 2

AIM: This observational community pharmacy-based study aimed to investigate headache characteristics and medication use of persons with regular headache presenting for self-medication. METHODS ... [more ▼]

AIM: This observational community pharmacy-based study aimed to investigate headache characteristics and medication use of persons with regular headache presenting for self-medication. METHODS: Participants (n=1205) completed ii) a questionnaire to assess current headache medication and previous physician diagnosis, (ii) the ID Migraine Screener [ID-M] and (iii) the MIDAS questionnaire. RESULTS: Forty-four % of the study population (n=528) did not have a physician diagnosis of their headache, and 225 of them (225/528, 42.6%) were found to be ID-M positive. The most commonly used acute headache drugs were paracetamol (used by 62% of the study population), NSAIDs (39%) and combination analgesics (36%). Only 12% of patients physician-diagnosed with migraine used prophylactic migraine medication, and 25% used triptans. About 24% of our sample (n=292) chronically overused acute medication, which was combination analgesic overuse (n=166), simple analgesic overuse (n=130), triptan overuse (n=19), ergot overuse (n=6) and opioid overuse (n=51). Only 14.5% was ever advised to limit intake frequency of acute headache treatments. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified underdiagnosis of migraine, low use of migraine prophylaxis and triptans, and high prevalence of medication overuse among subjects seeking self-medication for regular headache. Community pharmacists have a strategic position in education and referral of these self-medicating headache patients. [less ▲]

Estimation of hydraulic conductivity and its uncertainty from grain-size data using GLUE and artificial neural networks

in Mathematical Geosciences (2012), 44(6), 739-763

Various approaches exist to relate saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) to grain-size data. Most methods use a single grain-size parameter and hence omit the information encompassed by the entire grain ... [more ▼]

Various approaches exist to relate saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) to grain-size data. Most methods use a single grain-size parameter and hence omit the information encompassed by the entire grain-size distribution. This study compares two data-driven modelling methods, i.e.multiple linear regression and artificial neural networks, that use the entire grain-size distribution data as input for Ks prediction. Besides the predictive capacity of the methods, the uncertainty associated with the model predictions is also evaluated, since such information is important for stochastic groundwater flow and contaminant transport modelling. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are combined with a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) approach to predict Ks from grain-size data. The resulting GLUE-ANN hydraulic conductivity predictions and associated uncertainty estimates are compared with those obtained from the multiple linear regression models by a leave-one-out cross-validation. The GLUE-ANN ensemble prediction proved to be slightly better than multiple linear regression. The prediction uncertainty, however, was reduced by half an order of magnitude on average, and decreased at most by an order of magnitude. This demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms classical data-driven modelling techniques. Moreover, a comparison with methods from literature demonstrates the importance of site specific calibration. The dataset used for this purpose originates mainly from unconsolidated sandy sediments of the Neogene aquifer, northern Belgium. The proposed predictive models are developed for 173 grain-size -Ks pairs. Finally, an application with the optimized models is presented for a borehole lacking Ks data. [less ▲]

Parents-professionnels : la coéducation en questions

in Orientation Scolaire et Professionnelle (L') [=OSP] (2012), 41(2), 323-325

Backyard poultry in Kabylie (Algeria): from an indigenous chicken to a local poultry breed?

in Animal Genetic Resources (2012), 50

Backyard poultry is considered as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation. It is further promoted as a way of empowering women in communities where there is gender bias in poultry raising. The low-input ... [more ▼]

Backyard poultry is considered as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation. It is further promoted as a way of empowering women in communities where there is gender bias in poultry raising. The low-input systems involved are based on local breeds that are perfectly suited to their environment. However, socio-economic processes put local genetic resources under pressure, leading to the erosion of biodiversity. The present survey addresses this issue in the case of Kabylie, a mountainous coastal region of Algeria, through a survey conducted in 90 households raising poultry, a morpho-biometric description of 315 local chickens, and a performance evaluation of both growth and egg production in experimental semi-intensive conditions. The socio-economic profile of poultry smallholders in Kabylie reveals poor education and high diversification of agricultural assets and confirms gender bias in poultry keeping. The erosion of local genetic resources in chicken is found to be severe despite their cultural importance in Kabylie. From complementary surveys among experienced poultry keepers, the major original local type is postulated to consist of three varieties with black plumage (pure black, mottled and barred). The performance evaluation raised promising results, suggesting that some degree of improvement of low-input backyard systems could be pursued by exploiting the local breed. Finally, a strategy for a revival of the local breed through the support of the most involved smallholders is outlined in accordance with the information collected in the survey. [less ▲]

Des territoires au projet : le projet de recherches SAFE

in Cahiers Nouveaux (Les) (2012), 82

Présentation des principaux résultats du projet de recherches SAFE (Suburban Areas Favoring Energy efficiency) qui traitait de l'évaluation énergétique des quartiers périurbains wallons (bâtiment ... [more ▼]

Présentation des principaux résultats du projet de recherches SAFE (Suburban Areas Favoring Energy efficiency) qui traitait de l'évaluation énergétique des quartiers périurbains wallons (bâtiment + transport). [less ▲]

Effects of hydrogen partial pressure on fermentative biohydrogen production by a chemotropic Clostridium bacterium in a new horizontal rotating cylinder reactor

in Energy Procedia (2012)

In order to produce fermentative biohydrogen at high yields and production rates, efficient bioreactors have to be designed. A new reactor called anaerobic biodisc reactor allowed the production of ... [more ▼]

In order to produce fermentative biohydrogen at high yields and production rates, efficient bioreactors have to be designed. A new reactor called anaerobic biodisc reactor allowed the production of biohydrogen from glucose with the selected Clostridium sp. strain at high yields (2.49 molH2•molglucose-1) and production rates (598 mlH2•medium-1•h-1). The bacteria were fixed on a rotating support enabling efficient gas transfer from the liquid to the phase. It allowed the metabolism of the bacteria to produce more hydrogen. Moreover, an increase of the total pressure 0.18 bar lowered the yields of 19.5% while a decrease of 0.11 bar increased the yields of 7%. Our work concludes on the importance of providing good liquid to gas transfers in the biohydrogen-producing reactors. [less ▲]

Dispositifs. Le point de vue d'un psychosociologue

in TransFormations : Recherche en Education des Adultes (2012), 7

(par Gilles Leclercq) Daniel Faulx quant à lui porte un regard décalé sur la notion de dispositif. La lecture des articles lui a enseigné que « la notion de dispositif occupe une place centrale dans la ... [more ▼]

(par Gilles Leclercq) Daniel Faulx quant à lui porte un regard décalé sur la notion de dispositif. La lecture des articles lui a enseigné que « la notion de dispositif occupe une place centrale dans la réflexion sur la formation, mais aussi sur l’apprentissage (Saderi et Triby ; Pagani), l’alternance (Coiduras, Carrera & Jové), les valeurs (Dumet), la place des technologies dans la formation (Farla-Fortecoëf), l’activité professionnelle, la professionnalisation (Briquet-Duhaze & Moal) et la socialisation professionnelle (Frétigné), l’identité (Amblard), le développement individuel (Farla-Fortecoëf ) et collectif (Pagani) ». Pour Faulx, une vision commune du dispositif se dégage des différentes contributions. Il la résume en mentionnant la formule emblématique suggérée dans l’appel à contributions : la conception d’un dispositif se poursuit dans son usage. Le dispositif devient un entre-deux (Amblard ; Pagani), une construction sociale relative devant être abordée dans toute sa complexité humaine, historique (Sadéry et Triby ; Frétigné) et socio-relationnelle (Clénet). Cette vision lui semble particulièrement heuristique car elle conduit à passer d’une conception du dispositif comme simple anticipation à mettre en œuvre de la manière la plus efficace et fidèle possible au profit d’une construction permanente. En ce sens, ce numéro participe pour Faulx au développement d’une anthropologie des dispositifs. En regard de cela, il nous propose un éclairage oblique sur ce numéro de TransFormations en prenant appui sur la psychosociologie de l’intervention. [less ▲]

Pour en finir avec la génération Y... Enquête sur une représentation managériale

in Gérer et Comprendre (2012), (108), 39-54

Faut-il à tout prix adapter les dispositifs de gestion aux caractéristiques des nouveaux entrants sur le marché du travail, que l’on qualifie généralement de génération Y ? Pour répondre à cette question ... [more ▼]

Faut-il à tout prix adapter les dispositifs de gestion aux caractéristiques des nouveaux entrants sur le marché du travail, que l’on qualifie généralement de génération Y ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous tentons d’abord de cerner, par le biais d’une analyse de la littérature disponible en gestion, les contours de cette génération et de synthétiser les principales recommandations relatives aux politiques à mettre en oeuvre pour faire face aux particularités de la génération Y. Nous testons ensuite ces caractéristiques supposées sur un échantillon de 851 personnes, âgées de 20 à 59 ans. Nos résultats tendent à montrer que les particularités supposées de la génération Y sont minces, du moins en ce qui concernent les attitudes et valeurs au travail de ses membres. En revanche, ils nous rappellent que les fondamentaux de la GRH continuent à rester des préoccupations partagées par l’ensemble des générations… [less ▲]

Successful reduction of cholelithiasis in a holstein cow

in Cattle Practice (2012), 20(1), 93-98

A pregnant 3.5 year-old high-productive Holstein cow in the third month of lactation showed colic signs, marked anorexia, and stopped milk production. Clinical examination revealed tachypnea, pyrexia and ... [more ▼]

A pregnant 3.5 year-old high-productive Holstein cow in the third month of lactation showed colic signs, marked anorexia, and stopped milk production. Clinical examination revealed tachypnea, pyrexia and the mucous membranes were all congested. Signs of abdominal discomfort were observed, the abdomen was tense and painful; digestive activity was poor. Blood investigations revealed inflammation, cholestasis, and leucocytosis with marked neutrophilia. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography revealed decreased digestive transit and enlarged gall-bladder. Hepatic or biliary involvement was suspected. A right-flank exploratory laparotomy revealed a gallbladder filled with firm and mobile 0.5 to 1cm diameter fluctuant masses. Digital palpation allowed cholelith extraction through the cystic duct into the duodenum. After the surgery, the cow progressively regained a normal appetite and pain signs decreased. Blood samples analysed 10 days after the surgery still showed inflammation but to a lesser extent. Hepatic enzymes were markedly increased, indicating hepatic injury. Three months after the surgery, the cow was healthy and was inseminated. This case report suggests that cholelithiasis may be diagnosed and successfully treated in early stage of the disease in cattle, though this condition is rare in this species. This is the second report of manual cholelith extraction in a cow. [less ▲]

Local Knowledge in Policy Making

in Policy and Society (2012), 31(2), 106-169

Unemployment and Retirement in a Model with Age-specific Heterogeneity

in LABOUR : Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations (2012), 26(2), 137-155

Rotational splittings for slow to moderate rotators. Latitudinal dependence or higher order effects in Ω?

in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2012), 542(A99),

Context. The unprecedented photometric quality reached by the CoRoT and Kepler space missions opens new prospects for studying stellar rotation. Information about the rotation rate is contained on the one ... [more ▼]

Context. The unprecedented photometric quality reached by the CoRoT and Kepler space missions opens new prospects for studying stellar rotation. Information about the rotation rate is contained on the one hand in the low frequency part of the power spectra, where signatures of nonuniform surface rotation are expected, and on the other hand in the frequency splittings induced by the internal rotation rate. Aims: We wish to figure out whether the differences between the seismic rotation period determined by a mean rotational splitting, and the rotation period measured from the low frequency peak in the Fourier spectrum - observed for some of CoRoT's targets - can provide constraints on the rotation profile. Methods: For uniform moderate rotators,perturbative corrections to second and third order in terms of the rotation angular velocity Ω, must not be neglected. These effects, in particular, may mimic differential rotation. We apply our perturbation method to evaluate mode frequencies that are accurate up to Ω3 for uniform rotation. The effects of latitudinal dependence are calculated in the linear approximation. Numerical results were obtained for selected models of the upper and lower parts of the main sequence. For the latitudinal dependence, we adopt two types of rotation profile: one with rotation uniform in depth, and one with a solar-like tachocline. Results: Deviations from the first-order splitting for a uniformly rotating star can be due to both cubic-order effects of rotation and latitudinal differential rotation. In models of β Cephei pulsators, which represent upper main sequence stars, third order effects become comparable to that of a horizontal shear similar to the solar one at rotation rates well below the breakup values. These nonlinear effects are strongly mode-dependent. We show how a clean signature of the latitudinal shear may be extracted. Our models of two CoRoT target HD 181906 and HD 181420, which are solar-like pulsators, represent lower main sequence objects. These are slow rotators and nonlinear effects in splittings are accordingly small. We use data for one low frequency peak and one splitting of a dipolar mode to constrain the rotation profile in HD 181420 and HD 181906. Conclusions: The relative influences of the two effects strongly depend on the type of oscillation modes excited in the star and the magnitude of the rotation rate. Given the mean rotational splitting and the frequency of a spot signature, it is possible to distinguish between the two hypotheses. In the case of differential rotation in latitude, we propose a method to determine the type of rotation profile and a range of values for the shear. [less ▲]

Conclusions - Pistes d'adaptation au changement

in Mouvement communal (2012), (869), 25-26

Article détaillant les conclusions formulées en conclusions du colloque "Optimiser pour consolider l'action locale" de l'Union des Villes et COmmunes de Wallonie (mai 2012)

Algorithmic processing of pressure waveforms to facilitate estimation of cardiac elastance

in BioMedical Engineering OnLine (2012)

Background: Cardiac elastances are highly invasive to measure directly, but are clinically useful due to the amount of information embedded in them. Information about the cardiac elastance, which can be ... [more ▼]

Background: Cardiac elastances are highly invasive to measure directly, but are clinically useful due to the amount of information embedded in them. Information about the cardiac elastance, which can be used to estimate it, can be found in the downstream pressure waveforms of the aortic pressure (Pao) and the pulmonary artery (Ppa). However these pressure waveforms are typically noisy and biased, and require processing in order to locate the specific information required for cardiac elastance estimations. This paper presents the method to algorithmically process the pressure waveforms. Methods: A shear transform is developed in order to help locate information in the pressure waveforms. This transform turns difficult to locate corners into easy to locate maximum or minimum points as well as providing error correction. Results: The method located all points on 87 out of 88 waveforms for Ppa, to within the sampling frequency. For Pao, out of 616 total points, 605 were found within 1%, 5 within 5%, 4 within 10% and 2 within 20%. Conclusions: The presented method provides a robust, accurate and dysfunctionindependent way to locate points on the aortic and pulmonary artery pressure waveforms, allowing the non-invasive estimation of the left and right cardiac elastance. [less ▲]

Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein, chymosin and pepsinogen immunoreactivity of proteins extracted from fetal gastric tissue in bovine species.

in Research in Veterinary Science (2012), 92(3), 378-386

The objective of this work was to investigate the expression of gastric aspartic proteinases in fundic and pyloric mucosa removed from bovine fetuses. For this purpose, fractions issued from classical ... [more ▼]

The objective of this work was to investigate the expression of gastric aspartic proteinases in fundic and pyloric mucosa removed from bovine fetuses. For this purpose, fractions issued from classical biochemical protocols were analyzed by proteolytic method, by PAG-RIA and by Western blot with the use of antisera raised against both pepsinogens and PAG. A strong reaction of proteins extracted from the fundic mucosa collected at the beginning of pregnancy was revealed with both anti-bPAG-I and anti-bPAG-II antisera, suggesting the expression of pepsinogen F in bovine species. Concerning pyloric mucosa, the analysis by Western blot highlighted a very strong immunoreaction with the anti-bovine chymosin serum. Amino-terminal sequencing allowed to identify bovine fetuin and albumin in fundic extracts, chymosin in the pyloric mucosa extracts, as well as some unknown proteins in both mucosa. Despite no N-terminal microsequence corresponding to the hypothetical pepsinogen F could be identified, it cannot be excluded that an existing bovine pepsinogen F-like molecule could be degraded during the purification procedure or that co-purified proteins could be responsible for masking its N-terminal microsequence. [less ▲]

From meteorites to evolution and habitability of planets

in Planetary and Space Science (2012)

Usages et dispositifs de formation. Les dispositifs entre domination et initiative

in TransFormations : Recherche en Education des Adultes (2012), 7

(par Gilles Leclercq) Tous les articles de ce numéro possèdent leur identité, mais une fois réunis, ils invitent à dresser un panorama incomplet, mais structurellement significatif, de ce qu’on entend ... [more ▼]

(par Gilles Leclercq) Tous les articles de ce numéro possèdent leur identité, mais une fois réunis, ils invitent à dresser un panorama incomplet, mais structurellement significatif, de ce qu’on entend aujourd’hui par « usage des dispositifs de formation ». Dans un texte introductif intitulé « Les dispositifs, utopie éducative pour temps de crise » Philippe Astier , prend appui sur les douze contributions de ce numéro et nous propose un point de vue synoptique sur ce que sont aujourd’hui les dispositifs de formation. Il met les articles en perspective, ce qui lui permet de montrer comment, chacun à leur manière, ils illustrent un aspect aspect de la réalité : dispositifs de pouvoir régis par la domination et/ou dispositifs de soutien définis par l’initiative et l’implication. Sur cet étayage, il envisage une troisième forme dispositive qu’il nomme dispositif de développement, reprenant un vocable central des approches de didactique professionnelle et de la formation des adultes. Dans une perspective un peu différente, qui va nous permettre de présenter l’ensemble des textes, nous pouvons emprunter à un des auteurs du numéro, Frétigné, un de ses propos : « La maîtrise d’usage occupe une place croissante dans la recherche en éducation des adultes, au côté des classiques maîtrises d’œuvre et d’ouvrage. Il s’agit désormais de forcer la boîte noire des usages effectifs, par les différents protagonistes, des dispositifs de formation. Et, ainsi, de repérer comment s’opère l’appropriation, le développement voire la subversion des dispositifs existants… ». Pour les douze auteurs, la maîtrise d’usage est une préoccupation. En partant de ce constat, nous nous sommes efforcés d’organiser l’ensemble des textes autour de la question suivante : que nous apprennent-ils sur l’appropriation, le développement et la subversion des dispositifs de formation ? De ce point de vue, il ne fait aucun doute qu’un savoir est produit. Mais plus nous rassemblions les textes, plus ils semblaient travaillés par un enjeu transversal, plus précisément par la relation qu’entretiennent émancipation et professionnalisation. Il y a sans doute là une structuration profonde de la question des usages, caractéristique des temps de crise que mentionne Astier. C’est en tous cas la logique d’exposition qui organise la présentation que nous allons faire des articles de ce numéro. [less ▲]

Cinétique de décroissance de la surface verte et estimation du rendement du blé d’hiver

in Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement = Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment [=BASE] (2012), 16(2), 179-191

A large number of agrometeorological models for crop yield assessment are available with various levels of complexity and empiricism. However, the current development of models for wheat yield forecasting ... [more ▼]

A large number of agrometeorological models for crop yield assessment are available with various levels of complexity and empiricism. However, the current development of models for wheat yield forecasting does not always reflect the inclusion of the loss of valuable green area and its relation to biotic and abiotic processes in production situation. In this study the senescence phase of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is monitored through the GAI (Green Area Index), calculated from digital hemispherical photography taken over plots in Belgium, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg and France. Two curve-fitting functions (modified Gompertz and modified logistic) are used to describe the senescence phase. Metrics derived from these functions and characterizing this phase (i.e. the maximum value of GAI, the senescence rate and the time taken to reach either 37% or 50% of the green surface in the senescent phase) are related to final grain yields. The regression-based models calculated with these metrics showed that final yield could be estimated with a coefficient of determination of 0,83 and a RMSE of 0,48 t.ha-1. Such simple models may be considered as a first yield estimates that may be performed in order to provide a better integrated yield assessment in operational systems. Indeed, estimation of cereal-crop production, particularly wheat, is considered as a priority in most crop research programs due to the relevance of food grain to world agricultural production. [less ▲]

Effects of alternate reef states on coral reef fish habitat associations

in Environmental Biology of Fishes (2012), 94(2), 421-429

The present study describes ontogenetic shifts in habitat use for 15 species of coral reef fish at Rangiroa Atoll, French Polynesia. The distribution of fish in different habitats at three ontogenetic ... [more ▼]

The present study describes ontogenetic shifts in habitat use for 15 species of coral reef fish at Rangiroa Atoll, French Polynesia. The distribution of fish in different habitats at three ontogenetic stages (new settler, juvenile, and adult) was investigated in coral- dominated and algal-dominated sites at two reefs (fringing reef and inner reef of motu). Three main ontogenetic patterns in habitat use were identified: (1) species that did not change habitats between new settler and juvenile life stages (60% of species) or between juvenile and adult stages (55% of species—no ontoge- netic shift); (2) species that changed habitats at different ontogenetic stages (for the transition “new settler to juvenile stage”: 15% of species; for the transition “juvenile to adult stage”: 20% of species); and (3) species that increased the number of habitats they used over ontogeny (for the transition “new settler to juvenile stage”: 25% of species; for the transition “juvenile to adult stage”: 25% of species). Moreover, the majority of studied species (53%) showed a spatial variability in their ontogenetic pattern of habitat use according to alternate reef states (coral reef vs algal reef), suggesting that reef state can influence the dynamics of habitat associations in coral reef fish. [less ▲]

Regards sur des livres : Le monde est mathématique

in Losanges (2012), 17

Il s'agit d'une critique de la série de livres "Le Monde est Mathématique", proposée par le quotidien "Le Soir" d'octobre 2011 à juillet 2012.

Dépistage et suivi de l'obésité en médecine générale

in Hainaut Prévention (2012), 21

Fewer pre-emptive renal transplantations and more rejections in immigrant children compared to native Dutch and Belgian children.

in Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association (2012), 27(6), 2588-93

BACKGROUND: In the Netherlands and Belgium, an increasing number of children who have end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are of non-Western origin. We analysed renal transplantation practices and outcome for ... [more ▼]

BACKGROUND: In the Netherlands and Belgium, an increasing number of children who have end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are of non-Western origin. We analysed renal transplantation practices and outcome for immigrant ESRD children as compared to native children in both countries. METHODS: All Dutch and Belgian children aged <19 years who received their first renal transplantation between 1 September 2007 and 1 January 2011 were included. Therapy characteristics and outcomes were registered prospectively on a 3-monthly basis. Immigrants were defined as children of whom one or both parents had been born outside Western European countries. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to quantify the hazard ratio for acute rejection. RESULTS: One hundred and nineteen first renal transplant recipients were included, of which 41 (34%) were immigrants. Median [range] follow-up time of transplantation was 18 [2-28] months. Compared to native children, immigrants had pre-emptive transplantations (15 versus 32%, P = 0.040) and transplantations with a kidney from a living donor less often (24 versus 59%, P < 0.001). Survival analysis in 96 children with at least 3 months of follow-up showed an increased risk for acute rejection in immigrants adjusted for donor source, duration of dialysis and number of HLA mismatches on the DR locus [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.5 (1.1-5.9)]. CONCLUSIONS: Immigrant children receive fewer pre-emptive and living donor transplantations compared to native children. After transplantation, immigrant children are at higher risk for acute rejection irrespective of the mode of transplantation. [less ▲]

Bipolarité et ADHD. Recherche sémiologique : cotinuum développemantal de la petite enfance à l'âge adulte et diagnostic différentiel

in Psychiatrie de l'Enfant (La) (2012), 55(1), 125-195

Child psychiatrists are largely inexperienced in diagnosing bipolarity. Studies have shown that it takes them an average of about twelve years after the initial appearance of the relevant symptoms to ... [more ▼]

Child psychiatrists are largely inexperienced in diagnosing bipolarity. Studies have shown that it takes them an average of about twelve years after the initial appearance of the relevant symptoms to arrive at a correct diagnosis. A second set of problems has to do with the still unresolved controversies regarding the nature of the continuum, if any, linking the clinical entities that are manifested in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. In the case of children, for example, comorbidity involving attention disorders with or without hyperactivity (ADHD) can be expected to occur with frequency. Nevertheless, the clinical symptomology of ADHD, and especially of attention deficits, tends to escape the awareness of psychiatrists who work with adults. The above reflections suggest the need for studies focusing on the developmental evolution of the relevant semeiology, especially since little work has been done to bring together specialists in child and adult psychiatry for this purpose. The present article attempts to fill this need. It also seeks to redress the imbalance due to the fact that most previous studies have been designed solely on the basis of a categorial semeiology that assembles a set of criteria deemed necessary to obtain a diagnosis and that approaches the clinical symptomology in light of semeiological presuppositions that are thought to be identical and are expected to hold in all cases. This article therefore offers a panoramic and detailed presentation of a dimensional and developmental semeiology of ADHD and bipolarity. The goal of the study presented in this article is to identify more precisely the clinical symptomologies of bipolarity and ADHD from early childhood on through adulthood and to refine the relevant differential diagnosis by means of a simultaneous analysis of these two clinical phenomena. The method of this study, which is qualitative, involved the following two steps. First, it examined the relevant phenomena and clinical anamnesis in order to discover the greatest possible number of semeiological micro-signs, with the goal of establishing a "dimensional semeiology". Second, it included subjects of different ages in order to identify a "developmental semeiology". With this intention, we observed 170 children and 55 adults with bipolar symptoms and 14 children and 7 adults with ADHD (both sets of subjects without other comorbidity), attempting to look each time as freshly as possible, without limiting ourselves to the criteria typical of categorial diagnosis. For ADHD, this study introduces new semeiological concepts. These concepts revolve around three distinctions: between (1) a preponderance of divergent attention and a preponderance of convergent attention; between (2) the semeiology of pre-attentional difficulties (relating to ambient noise and excessive information flow) and the semeiology of attention disorders per se; between (3) simple impulsiveness and an impulsiveness related to disruptive behavior. As a third step, we present the developmental evolution of the relevant clinical phenomena. For bipolarity, the study highlights a "simple manic bipolar temperament" comprising seven semeiological axes: 1. a "super-energetic" form; 2. sleep disorders; 3. an "uneasiness in the situation of being alone"; 4. "expressive emotional colors" ; 5. excitability, disinhibitions, and cravings; 6. a preponderance of divergent attention over convergent attention; 7. the tendency to hyperactivity. The description of the clinical symptomology of "uneasiness in the situation of being alone" – which¬ is the most original aspect of this research – reflects an incapacity to remain alone with oneself in a calm manner. This discomfort is to be distinguished from separation anxiety, though there can be a continuum between them; it is not a pathognomonic symptom of bipolarity, yet it does seem to be systematically present as a part of it. After having treated bipolarity, we go on to lay out the criteria for the differential diagnosis between "simple manic bipolar temperament" and ADHD. At this point, we propose an original classification of bipolar disorders in childhood, made up of three semeiological sub-groups of bipolar states, to which we add a fourth semeiological group for unipolar depressions. Various comorbidities can enter the scene and modify the basic clinical picture. Lastly, we sketch a differential diagnosis with respect to schizoaffective disorder. In discussing the results presented here, we suggest the possibility of a new "dimensional and developmental nosology". At the time of this writing, a further stage of the research outlined in this article is underway with the aim of establishing a quantitative analysis of the semeiology outlined here. [less ▲]

Decontamination of Prions by the Flowing Afterglow of a Reduced-Pressure N2-O2 Cold-Plasma

in Plasma Processes and Polymers (2012), 9(6), 612618

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, also called prion diseases, represent a family of neurodegenerative disorders that affect various animal species. Since the infectious forms of prions are ... [more ▼]

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, also called prion diseases, represent a family of neurodegenerative disorders that affect various animal species. Since the infectious forms of prions are transmissible and highly resistant to chemical and physical decontamination methods routinely used in healthcare, they represent a challenge for science, medicine, and public health/food systems. Suitable decontamination procedures have been proposed, but they are generally incompatible with the materials from which medical devices are made. In this study, we evaluate a cold gaseous-plasma treatment, based on the outflow from a N2[BOND]O2 microwave discharge, as an alternative decontamination tool against both the non-infectious (PrPC) and infectious (PrPSc) forms of prion proteins. The efficiency of the plasma treatment on these proteins is assessed using an in vitro assay as well as an in vivo bioassay. We showed by Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) that the N2[BOND]O2 discharge afterglow reduces the immunoreactivity of both non-infectious recombinant and pathogenic prion proteins deposited on polystyrene substrates. Tests done in vivo demonstrate that exposure to the cold-plasma flowing afterglow achieves significant decontamination of stainless steel sutures inoculated with infectious forms of prions to be implanted in mice. [less ▲]

knowledge, local actors and public action

in Policy and Society (2012), 31(2), 105-117

Genetics of pituitary adenomas

in Médecine Clinique Endocrinologie & Diabète (2012)

Vitamin D and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)

in Annales d'Endocrinologie (2012), 73(3), 165-169

Vitamin D deficiency and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are two common conditions, especially in postmenopausal women. Vitamin D deficiency is said to be even more frequent in PHPT patients than in ... [more ▼]

Vitamin D deficiency and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are two common conditions, especially in postmenopausal women. Vitamin D deficiency is said to be even more frequent in PHPT patients than in the general population due to an accelerated conversion of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) into calcitriol or 24-hydroxylated compounds. Although several studies have reported worsening of PHPT phenotype (larger tumours, higher parathyroid hormone [PTH] levels, more severe bone disease) when vitamin D deficiency coexists whereas vitamin D supplementation in PHPT patients with a serum calcium level less than 3 mmol/L has been shown to be safe (no increase in serum or urinary calcium) and to decrease serum PTH concentration, many physicians are afraid to give vitamin D to already hypercalcemic PHPT patients. It is possible that, in some patients, a persistent vitamin D deficiency induces, in the long-term, an autonomous secretion of PTH (i.e. tertiary hyperparathyroidism). The mechanism by which this could occur is unclear however. Finally, as many, otherwise normal, subjects with vitamin D insufficiency may have an increased serum PTH level we believe that those with vitamin D insufficiency should be excluded from a reference population for serum PTH levels. By doing that, we found that the upper normal limit for serum PTH was 25–30% lower than in the whole population. [less ▲]

Evaluation of an electronic nose for the early detection of organic overload of anaerobic digesters

in Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering (2012)

This study aims at the analysis of the utilization of an electronic nose (e-nose) to serve as a specific monitoring tool for anaerobic digestion process, especially for detecting organic overload. An ... [more ▼]

This study aims at the analysis of the utilization of an electronic nose (e-nose) to serve as a specific monitoring tool for anaerobic digestion process, especially for detecting organic overload. An array of non specific metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors were used to detect process faults due to organic overload events in twelve anaerobic semi-continuous reactors of 1.8 L. Three different load strategies were followed (i) a cautious organic load (1.3 gVS•L-1•day-1); (ii), an increasing load strategy (1.3 to 5.3 gVS∙L-1•day-1) and (iii) a cautious organic load with load pulses of up to 12 gVS•L-1•day-1. A first monitoring campaign was conducted with three different substrates : sucrose, maize oil, and a mix of sucrose/oil during 60 days. The second campaign was run with dry sugar beet pulp during 45 days. Hotelling's T²-value and upper control limit to a reference set of digesters fed with a cautious OLR (1.3 gVS•L-1•day-1), was used as indirect state variable of the reactors. Overload situations were identified by the e-nose apparatus with Hotelling’s T²-values at least 4-times higher in magnitude than the upper control limit of 23.7. These results confirmed that the e-nose technology appeared promising for online detection of process imbalances in the domain of anaerobic digestion. [less ▲]

Entorse de la cheville : paracétamol ou diclofénac ?

in Minerva (2012)

Analyse de Lyrtzis C, Natsis K, Papadopoulos C, et al. Efficacy of paracetamol versus diclofenac for grade II ankle sprains. Foot Ankle Int 2011;32:571-5.

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 governs lymphatic vessel formation as an interstitial collagenase.

in Blood (2012), 119(21), 5048-56

Lymphatic dysfunctions are associated with several human diseases, including lymphedema and metastatic spread of cancer. Although it is well recognized that lymphatic capillaries attach directly to ... [more ▼]

Lymphatic dysfunctions are associated with several human diseases, including lymphedema and metastatic spread of cancer. Although it is well recognized that lymphatic capillaries attach directly to interstitial matrix mainly composed of fibrillar type I collagen, the interactions occurring between lymphatics and their surrounding matrix have been overlooked. In this study, we demonstrate how matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)–2 drives lymphatic morphogenesis through Mmp2-gene ablation in mice, mmp2 knockdown in zebrafish and in 3D-culture systems, and through MMP2 inhibition. In all models used in vivo (3 murine models and thoracic duct development in zebrafish) and in vitro (lymphatic ring and spheroid assays), MMP2 blockage or down-regulation leads to reduced lymphangiogenesis or altered vessel branching. Our data show that lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) migration through collagen fibers is affected by physical matrix constraints (matrix composition, density and cross-linking). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal reflection microscopy using DQ-collagen highlight the contribution of MMP2 to mesenchymal-like migration of LEC associated with collagen fiber remodeling. Our findings provide new mechanistic insight into how LEC negotiate an interstitial type I collagen barrier and reveal an unexpected MMP2-driven collagenolytic pathway for lymphatic vessel formation and morphogenesis. [less ▲]

Asymptotic solutions for the case of nearly symmetric gravitational lens systems

in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2012), 424

Detection of copy number variants in the horse genome and examination of their association with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy

in Animal Genetics (2012)

We used the data from a recently performed genome-wide association study using the Illumina Equine SNP50 beadchip for the detection of copy number variants (CNVs) and examined their association with ... [more ▼]

We used the data from a recently performed genome-wide association study using the Illumina Equine SNP50 beadchip for the detection of copy number variants (CNVs) and examined their association with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN), an important equine upper airway disease compromising performance. A total of 2797 CNVs were detected for 477 horses, covering 229 kb and seven SNPs on average. Overlapping CNVs were merged to define 478 CNV regions (CNVRs). CNVRs, particularly deletions, were shown to be significantly depleted in genes. Fifty-two of the 67 common CNVRs (frequency ! 1%) were validated by association mapping, Mendelian inheritance, and/or Mendelian inconsistencies. None of the 67 common CNVRs were significantly associated with RLN when accounting for multiple testing. However, a duplication on chromosome 10 was detected in 10 cases (representing three breeds) and two unphenotyped parents but in none of the controls. The duplication was embedded in an 8-Mb haplotype shared across breeds. [less ▲]

Faut-il faire la sociologie des singes ?

in SociologieS (en ligne) (2012)

Drawing its examples from the field of ethology and primatology, this paper brings three points to the debate on the naturalization in sociology. The first one insists on the importance of telling apart ... [more ▼]

Drawing its examples from the field of ethology and primatology, this paper brings three points to the debate on the naturalization in sociology. The first one insists on the importance of telling apart what is innate and what is not in the “innate social abilities” that are hypothesized by Kaufmann & Cordonier. The second one shows that when scientists see the animal communication as purely informative, they miss the fact that animals are first of all real beings engaged in affective interactions. They consequently wrongfully end up with animals that “calculate” or “make choices”. The third point looks at some recent work about cooperation in Apes and shows that behavioural scientists tend to assign to the animals themselves social knowledge that is actually situated in the situation. The paper concludes about the boundaries and limitations of biology when it comes to explain social facts in animals. It suggests that social sciences should begin to explore empirically this no man’s land where social and biological facts interact. Doing so, social sciences could go towards specifying “what” is inherited in social competences, and limiting the evolutionary hold on social facts. [less ▲]

Microsatellite polymorphism in Tunisian pomegranates (Punica granatum L.): Cultivar genotyping and identification

in Biochemical Systematics & Ecology (2012), 44

Specific microsatellites (SSRs) markers were used to characterize a set of 32 Tunisian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Using 13 SSR primers, a total of 40 alleles and 46 genotypes have been ... [more ▼]

Specific microsatellites (SSRs) markers were used to characterize a set of 32 Tunisian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Using 13 SSR primers, a total of 40 alleles and 46 genotypes have been identified. As a result, data proved that a high level of polymorphism characterizes the Tunisian pomegranate germplasm at the DNA level. The derived Neighbour-joining (NJ) dendrogram constructed using DAS genetic distances exhibited a genetic diversity structured independently from the geographical origin of cultivars and their denomination. This result suggested that a common genetic basis may characterize Tunisian pomegranate cultivars despite their phenotypic divergences. Furthermore, based on the multilocus genotypes a cultivar’s identification key has been established and permitted to unambiguously differentiate between varieties. The obtained results are discussed in term of establishment and management of a national collection of pomegranate varieties, conformity checks, identification of homonyms and synonyms, and screening of the local resources. Furthermore, this microsatellite-based key is a first step towards a marker-assisted identification pomegranate database. [less ▲]

Microsatellite polymorphism in Tunisian pomegranates (Punica granatum L.): Cultivar genotyping and identification

in Biochemical Systematics & Ecology (2012), 44

Specific microsatellites (SSRs) markers were used to characterize a set of 32 Tunisian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Using 13 SSR primers, a total of 40 alleles and 46 genotypes have been ... [more ▼]

Specific microsatellites (SSRs) markers were used to characterize a set of 32 Tunisian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Using 13 SSR primers, a total of 40 alleles and 46 genotypes have been identified. As a result, data proved that a high level of polymorphism characterizes the Tunisian pomegranate germplasm at the DNA level. The derived Neighbour-joining (NJ) dendrogram constructed using DAS genetic distances exhibited a genetic diversity structured independently from the geographical origin of cultivars and their denomination. This result suggested that a common genetic basis may characterize Tunisian pomegranate cultivars despite their phenotypic divergences. Furthermore, based on the multilocus genotypes a cultivar’s identification key has been established and permitted to unambiguously differentiate between varieties. The obtained results are discussed in term of establishment and management of a national collection of pomegranate varieties, conformity checks, identification of homonyms and synonyms, and screening of the local resources. Furthermore, this microsatellite-based key is a first step towards a marker-assisted identification pomegranate database. [less ▲]

Aviculture familiale au Bas-Congo, République Démocratique du Congo (RDC)

in Livestock Research for Rural Development (2012), 24(5),

La République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) souffre, à l’instar d’une majorité de pays africains, d’une précarité alimentaire conséquente. Le développement du secteur de l’élevage y est une pièce importante ... [more ▼]

La République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) souffre, à l’instar d’une majorité de pays africains, d’une précarité alimentaire conséquente. Le développement du secteur de l’élevage y est une pièce importante de la stratégie de lutte contre cette insécurité alimentaire, par l’apport de protéines de haute qualité aux populations pauvres ainsi que plus globalement par la création de richesses et la diversification du secteur agricole. A ce titre, le secteur avicole offre incontestablement, par son cycle de production court, une solution rapide et abordable par le plus grand nombre. Cette étude aborde les contraintes à la production de la poule locale au Bas-Congo. Plusieurs facteurs y sont identifiés, tels que les pathologies, l’alimentation, l’habitat et les prédateurs. L’amélioration de la situation économique et nutritionnelle des paysans de la Province du Bas-Congo peut être envisagée en améliorant le potentiel de production des poulets de race locale. Afin d’y arriver, une attention particulière doit être accordée à une alimentation équilibrée et une meilleure conduite générale de l’élevage, incluant un accès aux soins vétérinaires. L’amélioration génétique des races locales est également une voie envisageable, pour autant que l’adéquation entre l’animal et le cadre de son élevage soit respectée. [less ▲]

Auditory Resting-State Network Connectivity in Tinnitus: a Functionnal MRI Study.

in PLoS ONE (2012)

The underlying functional neuroanatomy of tinnitus remains poorly understood. Few studies have focused on functional cerebral connectivity changes in tinnitus patients. The aim of this study was to test ... [more ▼]

The underlying functional neuroanatomy of tinnitus remains poorly understood. Few studies have focused on functional cerebral connectivity changes in tinnitus patients. The aim of this study was to test if functional MRI ‘‘resting-state’’ connectivity patterns in auditory network differ between tinnitus patients and normal controls. Thirteen chronic tinnitus subjects and fifteen age-matched healthy controls were studied on a 3 tesla MRI. Connectivity was investigated using independent component analysis and an automated component selection approach taking into account the spatial and temporal properties of each component. Connectivity in extra-auditory regions such as brainstem, basal ganglia/NAc, cerebellum, parahippocampal, right prefrontal, parietal, and sensorimotor areas was found to be increased in tinnitus subjects. The right primary auditory cortex, left prefrontal, left fusiform gyrus, and bilateral occipital regions showed a decreased connectivity in tinnitus. These results show that there is a modification of cortical and subcortical functional connectivity in tinnitus encompassing attentional, mnemonic, and emotional networks. Our data corroborate the hypothesized implication of non-auditory regions in tinnitus physiopathology and suggest that various regions of the brain seem involved in the persistent awareness of the phenomenon as well as in the development of the associated distress. leading to disabling chronic tinnitus. [less ▲]

HST/STIS spectroscopy of the magnetic Of?p star HD 108: the low state at ultraviolet wavelengths

in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2012), 422

We present the first ultraviolet spectrum of the peculiar, magnetic Of?p star HD 108 obtained in its spectroscopic low state. The new data, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on ... [more ▼]

We present the first ultraviolet spectrum of the peculiar, magnetic Of?p star HD 108 obtained in its spectroscopic low state. The new data, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope, reveal significant changes compared to IUE spectra obtained in the high state: N Vλ1240, Si IVλ1400 and C IVλ1550 present weaker P Cygni profiles (less absorption) in the new data, while N IVλ1718 absorption is deeper, without the clear wind signature evident in the high state. Such changes contrast with those found in other magnetic massive stars, where more absorption is observed in the resonance doublets when the sightline is close to the plane of the magnetic equator. The new data show also that the photospheric Fe IV forest, at ˜1600-1700 Å, has strengthened compared to previous observations. The ultraviolet variability is large compared to that found in typical, non-magnetic O stars, but moderate when compared to the high-/low-state changes reported in the optical spectrum of HD 108 over several decades. We use non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) expanding-atmosphere models to analyse the new STIS observations. Overall, the results are in accord with a scenario in which the optical variability is mainly produced by magnetically constrained gas, close to the photosphere. The relatively modest changes found in the main ultraviolet wind lines suggest that the stellar wind is not substantially variable on a global scale. Nonetheless, multidimensional radiative-transfer models may be needed to understand some of the phenomena observed. [less ▲]

On the sensitivity of closure phases to faint companions in optical long baseline interferometry

in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2012), 541

We explore the sensitivity and completeness of long baseline interferometric observations for detecting unknown, faint companions around bright unresolved stars. We derive a linear expression for the ... [more ▼]

We explore the sensitivity and completeness of long baseline interferometric observations for detecting unknown, faint companions around bright unresolved stars. We derive a linear expression for the closure phase signature of a faint companion in the high contrast regime (<0.1), and provide a quantitative estimation of the detection efficiency for the currently offered four-telescope configurations at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer. The results are compared to the performances provided by linear and Y-shaped interferometric configurations in order to identify the ideal array. We find that all configurations have a similar efficiency in discovering companions wider than 10mas. Assuming a closure phase accuracy of 0.25deg, that is typical of state-of-the-art instruments, we predict a median dynamic range of up to six magnitudes when stacking observations obtained at five different hour angles. Surveying bright stars to search for faint companions can be considered as an ideal filler programme for modern interferometric facilities because that places few constraints on the choice of the interferometric configuration. [less ▲]

The Struve-Sahade effect in the optical spectra of O-type binaries. I. Main-sequence systems (Corrigendum)

in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2012), 541

Not Available.

Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. XXII. CoRoT-16b: a hot Jupiter with a hint of eccentricity around a faint solar-like star

in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2012), 541

<BR /> Aims: We report the discovery of CoRoT-16b, a low density hot jupiter that orbits a faint G5V star (mV = 15.63) in 5.3523 ± 0.0002 days with slight eccentricity. A fit of the data with no a priori ... [more ▼]

<BR /> Aims: We report the discovery of CoRoT-16b, a low density hot jupiter that orbits a faint G5V star (mV = 15.63) in 5.3523 ± 0.0002 days with slight eccentricity. A fit of the data with no a priori assumptions on the orbit leads to an eccentricity of 0.33 ± 0.1. We discuss this value and also derive the mass and radius of the planet. <BR /> Methods: We analyse the photometric transit curve of CoRoT-16 given by the CoRoT satellite, and radial velocity data from the HARPS and HIRES spectrometers. A combined analysis using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to get the system parameters. <BR /> Results: CoRoT-16b is a 0.535 -0.083/+0.085 M[SUB]J[/SUB], 1.17 -0.14/+0.16 R[SUB]J[/SUB] hot Jupiter with a density of 0.44 -0.14/+0.21 g cm[SUP]-3[/SUP]. Despite its short orbital distance (0.0618 ± 0.0015 AU) and the age of the parent star (6.73 ± 2.8 Gyr), the planet orbit exhibits significantly non-zero eccentricity. This is very uncommon for this type of objects as tidal effects tend to circularise the orbit. This value is discussed taking into account the characteristics of the star and the observation accuracy. The CoRoT space mission, launched on December 27, 2006, has been developed and is operated by the CNES with the contribution of Austria, Belgium, Brasil, ESA, Germany, and Spain.Observations made with the HARPS spectrograph at ESO La Silla Observatory (HARPS programs 083.C-0186 and 184.C-0639) and the HIRES spectrograph at the Keck Observatory (NASA-Keck programs N035Hr, N143Hr and N095Hr). [less ▲]

Teaching and learning normal gynecological ultrasonography using simple virtual reality objects: a proposal for a standardized approach

in Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology (2012), 39

Physicochemical properties of pH-controlled polyion complex (PIC) micelles of poly(acrylic acid)-based double hydrophilic block copolymers and various polyamines

in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (2012), 403

The physicochemical properties of polyion complex (PIC) micelles were investigated in order to characterize the cores constituted of electrostatic complexes of two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The ... [more ▼]

The physicochemical properties of polyion complex (PIC) micelles were investigated in order to characterize the cores constituted of electrostatic complexes of two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The pH-sensitive micelles were obtained with double hydrophilic block copolymers containing a poly(acrylic acid) block linked to a modified poly(ethylene oxide) block and various polyamines (polylysine, linear and branched polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyridine, and polyallylamine). The pH range of micellization in which both components are ionized was determined for each polyamine. The resulting PIC micelles were characterized using dynamic light scattering and smallangle X-ray scattering experiments (SAXS). The PIC micelles presented a core–corona nanostructure with variable polymer density contrasts between the core and the corona, as revealed by the analysis of the SAXS curves. It was shown that PIC micelle cores constituted by polyacrylate chains and polyamines were more or less dense depending on the nature of the polyamine. It was also determined that the density of the cores of the PIC micelles depended strongly on the nature of the polyamine. These homogeneous cores were surrounded by a large hairy corona of hydrated polyethylene oxide block chains. Auramine O (AO) was successfully entrapped in the PIC micelles, and its fluorescence properties were used to get more insight on the core properties. Fluorescence data confirmed that the cores of such micelles are quite compact and that their microviscosity depended on the nature of the polyamine. The results obtained on these core–shell micelles allow contemplating a wide range of applications in which the AO probe would be replaced by various cationic drugs or other similarly charged species to form drug nanocarriers or new functional nanodevices. [less ▲]

Le diagramme entre perception visuelle et mathématique

in Visible (2012), 8

Ce texte s’interroge sur la spécificité de l’image scientifique par rapport à d’autres outils de représentation et d’autres statuts de l’image – tel que le statut artistique. Il propose des éléments de ... [more ▼]

Ce texte s’interroge sur la spécificité de l’image scientifique par rapport à d’autres outils de représentation et d’autres statuts de l’image – tel que le statut artistique. Il propose des éléments de réflexion à partir de trois questions principales : 1) est-ce qu’on peut élaborer une définition de l’image scientifique qui soit commune à toutes les disciplines scientifiques ? 2) Quels types de rapport s’établissent entre les images scientifiques et les images artistiques ? S’agit-il d’une différence ontologique ou bien pragmatique ? 3) Est-ce que le dispositif de l’image trouve son terme opposé dans le texte verbal, suivant l’ancienne distinction entre analogue et digital ? Est-ce que par contre l’image trouve son terme opposé dans le langage formel des mathématiques ? [less ▲]

Succéder en Contexte Postcolonial Africain: l'ambigüité chiffrée au travers de l'exemple camerounais

in Revue Européenne de Psychologie et de Droit (2012)

En matière culturelle, l’Africain postcolonial est partagé entre les normes traditionnelles (ou ancestrales) et modernes (ou héritées du colon). Si la description de cette dualité abonde dans la ... [more ▼]

En matière culturelle, l’Africain postcolonial est partagé entre les normes traditionnelles (ou ancestrales) et modernes (ou héritées du colon). Si la description de cette dualité abonde dans la littérature, la question du taux de connaissance de cette dualité, de son acceptation et de sa défense préoccupe très peu. Pourtant, elle devrait permettre de connaitre l’étendue de l’ambigüité qui anime les populations. Cet article répond à ce déficit et présente un état des lieux auprès de 1013 victimes du choc de normes successorales (tradition vs. modernité) en contexte postcolonial camerounais. Au préalable, les 6 points d’opposition entre les deux normes sont présentés. L’historique de la dualité juridique à l’origine de ces contrastes et le fondement psycho-anthropologique des visions du monde fondatrices de l’une et l’autre norme permettent de cerner l’irréductibilité des oppositions. [less ▲]

Les maladies complexes : l'hypertension artérielle

in Revue Médicale de Liège (2012), 67(5-6), 279-285

Essential hypertension, defined as a blood pressure equal to or above 140/90 mmHg, is a common (25% of the population), but complex disease the phenotype of which results from interactions between ... [more ▼]

Essential hypertension, defined as a blood pressure equal to or above 140/90 mmHg, is a common (25% of the population), but complex disease the phenotype of which results from interactions between numerous genes and environmental factors. The role attributable to genetic factors amounts to some 25% among hypertensive families, but can reach 65% when monozygotic twins are compared. In the present state of our knowledge, there is no hope to obtain a genetic test of value for the diagnosis and prognosis of hypertension. An individualized environmental approach, applied early in life, is the only worhtwhile attitude. Nonetheless, in the presence of a subject with still normal blood pressure values, but with a family history of hypertension, the physician should firmly recommend an appropriate hygieno-dietetic lifestyle with a view to lower blood pressure, or retard the development of arterial hypertension. [less ▲]

Se réaliser comme sujet dans un atelier-théâtre pour tenter de « s’en sortir ». Mises en scène de tensions au sein d’une politique de la subjectivité

in SociologieS (2012)

Partant d’un terrain d’investigation spécifique, l’atelier-théâtre, les auteurs proposent d’interroger les manières dont s’opère la mise au travail du sujet sur lui-même et plus précisément, d’en saisir ... [more ▼]

Partant d’un terrain d’investigation spécifique, l’atelier-théâtre, les auteurs proposent d’interroger les manières dont s’opère la mise au travail du sujet sur lui-même et plus précisément, d’en saisir les socles techniques et anthropologiques. Dans un premier temps, ils resituent le dispositif théâtral au cœur des évolutions actuelles des politiques sociales. Dans un second temps, ils s’attachent à la description des pratiques d’entrée en subjectivité à partir d’un double travail, tout en soulignant les fondements anthropologiques et sociologiques autour d’un « existentialisme du défi » amenant des publics précarisés à tenter de s’en sortir. Enfin, sont soulignées les limites, tensions et paradoxes de ces dispositifs créatifs. Au terme de cette analyse, le travail en atelier-théâtre, impulsé par des comédiens-animateurs auprès de personnes fragilisées, apparaît ouvrir une voie féconde pour une meilleure connaissance des « politiques de la subjectivité ». [less ▲]

Autécologie du frêne commun (Fraxinus excelsior L.) et du frêne oxyphylle (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl)

in Forêt-Entreprise (2012), (204), 9-12

Important differences in management policies for children with end-stage renal disease in the Netherlands and Belgium--report from the RICH-Q study.

in Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association (2012), 27(5), 1984-92

BACKGROUND: The low prevalence of childhood end-stage renal disease and the small centre sizes have been a barrier for clinical studies and the development of evidence-based guidelines for chronic renal ... [more ▼]

BACKGROUND: The low prevalence of childhood end-stage renal disease and the small centre sizes have been a barrier for clinical studies and the development of evidence-based guidelines for chronic renal replacement therapy (cRRT) in children. Few data exist on the quality of care for these patients and the applicability of existing guidelines. The aim of this study is to quantify variation in treatment policies and actually delivered care in nine centres that deliver cRRT for children. METHODS: We surveyed treatment policies in all nine centres in the Netherlands and Belgium and compared them with the actually provided therapies and with recommendations from available guidelines. Data on treatment policies were gathered by questionnaires; actually provided care and outcomes were registered prospectively from 2007 to 2010. RESULTS: Data on policies and actual patient care were obtained from all nine centres. We found relevant differences between centres in treatment policies on various topics, e.g. estimated glomerular filtration rate threshold as an indication for initiation of cRRT, preferred initial mode of cRRT, peritoneal dialysis catheter care, haemodialysis frequency and vascular access. Discrepancies were seen between stated treatment policies and actual performed therapies. For the majority of policies, no evidence-based guidelines are available. CONCLUSIONS: Health care disparities exist due to large and unwanted variation in treatment policies between hospitals providing cRRT for children. Delivered care does not live up to stated policies, for which clear and internationally accepted guidelines are lacking. [less ▲]