Bispectral index correlates with regional cerebral blood flow during sleep in distinct cortical and subcortical structures in humans.

in Archives Italiennes de Biologie (2009), 147(1-2), 51-7

The relationship between the Bispectral Index (BIS), an EEG-based monitor of anesthesia, and brain activity is still unclear. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between changes in BIS ... [more ▼]

The relationship between the Bispectral Index (BIS), an EEG-based monitor of anesthesia, and brain activity is still unclear. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between changes in BIS values during natural sleep and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) variations, as measured by Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Data were obtained from six young, healthy, right-handed, male volunteers (20-30 years old) using the H2(15)O infusion method. PET scans were performed both during waking and various stages of sleep. BIS values were monitored continuously and recorded during each PET scan. Positive correlations were detected between BIS and rCBF values in dorsolateral prefontal, parietal, anterior and posterior cingulate, precuneal, mesiofrontal, mesiotemporal and insular cortices. These areas belong to a frontoparietal network known to be related to awareness of self conscious sensory perception, attention and memory. BIS values also positively correlated with activity in brainstem and thalami, both structures known to be involved in arousal and wakefulness. These results show that BIS changes associated with physiological sleep depth co-vary with the activity of specific cortical and subcortical areas. The latter are known to modulate arousal, which in turn allows sustained thalamo-cortical enhancement of activity in a specific frontoparietal network known to be related to the content of consciousness. Thus, although mainly derived from frontal EEG, BIS could represent a wider index of cerebral activity. [less ▲]

Bisphenol A in our food : same toxicological studies but different risk assessment and risk management decisions around the world.

in Food Science and Law (2011), 5

Bisphosphonates : an update

in Osteologia-Osteology (1999), 2

Bisphosphonates and glucocorticoid osteoporosis in men: results of a randomized controlled trial comparing zoledronic acid with risedronate.

in BONE (2012), 50

BACKGROUND: We studied 265 men (mean age 56.4years; range 18-83years), among patients enrolled in two arms of a double-blind, 1-year study comparing the effects of zoledronic acid (ZOL) with risedronate ... [more ▼]

BACKGROUND: We studied 265 men (mean age 56.4years; range 18-83years), among patients enrolled in two arms of a double-blind, 1-year study comparing the effects of zoledronic acid (ZOL) with risedronate (RIS) in patients either commencing (prednisolone 7.5mg/day or equivalent) (prevention arm, n=88) or continuing glucocorticoid therapy (treatment arm, n=177). METHODS: Patients received either a single ZOL 5mg infusion or RIS 5mg oral daily at randomization, along with calcium (1000mg) and vitamin D (400-1200IU). Primary endpoint: difference in percentage change from baseline in bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (LS) at 12months. Secondary endpoints: percentage changes in BMD at total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN), relative changes in bone turnover markers (beta-CTx and P1NP), and overall safety. FINDINGS: In the treatment subpopulation, ZOL increased LS BMD by 4.7% vs. 3.3% for RIS and at TH the percentage changes were 1.8% vs. 0.2%, respectively. In the prevention subpopulation, bone loss was prevented by both treatments. At LS the percentage changes were 2.5% vs. -0.2% for ZOL vs. RIS and at TH the percentage changes were 1.1% vs. -0.4%, respectively. ZOL significantly increased lumbar spine BMD more than RIS at Month 12 in both the prevention population (p=0.0024) and the treatment subpopulation (p=0.0232) in men. In the treatment subpopulation, ZOL demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in serum beta-CTx and P1NP relative to RIS at all time-points. In the prevention subpopulation, ZOL significantly reduced beta-CTx at all time-points, and P1NP at Month 3 (p=0.0297) only. Both treatments were well tolerated in men, albeit with a higher incidence of influenza-like illness and pyrexia events post-infusion with ZOL. INTERPRETATION: Once-yearly ZOL preserves or increases BMD within 1year to a greater extent than daily RIS in men receiving glucocorticoid therapy. [less ▲]

Les bisphosphonates constituent-ils un réel progrès thérapeutique dans l’ostéoporose ?

in Médecine et Hygiène (1996), 54

Les bisphosphonates

in Revue Médicale de Liège (1996), 51(1), 120-2

Bisystémie des groupes de descendance et transcodage des noms de parenté en contexte diglossique francoprovençal/français

Conference (2011, September 20)

Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Culicoïdes) in Belgium: a comparison between indoor and outdoor trapping in cattle and sheep farms.

Conference (2009, August)

Bluetongue, a vector born disease of ruminants, was identified for the first time in Northern Europe in 2006. The vectors are insects of the family Ceratopogonidae, genus Culicoides. In Belgium, no recent ... [more ▼]

Bluetongue, a vector born disease of ruminants, was identified for the first time in Northern Europe in 2006. The vectors are insects of the family Ceratopogonidae, genus Culicoides. In Belgium, no recent data were available about the biology of these insects including their feeding habits and behaviour. The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the indoor and outdoor activity of these Diptera in 5 different cattle or sheep farms in 2008. Two sheep and 3 cattle farms were selected in the Province of Luxembourg, Belgium. In each farm 2 Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (OVI) traps were installed respectively inside and outside the animal accommodation. Trapping was carried out twice a week from 17:00 until 24:00.The collecting vials were replaced every hour. A portable suction trap (BackTrap® U.S.A) was used twice on each visit to collect midges on the animals. In each farm the study was carried out for 6 successive weeks, 2 farms being monitored together. The study began on July 28th and ended on November 30th 2008. A total of 2591 culicoides were trapped. A majority of those (88.76%) were trapped indoors whereas 10.03% were trapped outdoors and 1.21% directly on the animals. The ambient temperature had a marked effect very few culicoides being trapped below 13°C. Three main species or species complex were identified both indoors and outdoors: C. obsoletus/scoticus, C. dewulfi, C. chiopterus. They represented 98.93% and 85.03% indoors and outdoors respectively. On the animals only C. obsoletus/scoticus and C. dewulfi were found. [less ▲]

Bitterkomix: de kunstvorm anders bekeken

in Kannemeyer, Anton; Botes, Conrad (Eds.) The Big Bad Bitterkomix Handbook (2006)

Biuret

in Richet, Charles (Ed.) Dictionnaire de physiologie. 002. Tome II (1897)