Bisphosphonates in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis : state of the art

in Climacteric : The Journal of the International Menopause Society (1999), 2(S12-5), 43

Bistability analyses of a caspase activation model for receptor-induced apoptosis

in Journal of Biological Chemistry (2004), 279(35), 36892-36897

Apoptosis is an important physiological process crucially involved in development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Although the major signaling pathways have been unraveled, a detailed ... [more ▼]

Apoptosis is an important physiological process crucially involved in development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Although the major signaling pathways have been unraveled, a detailed mechanistic understanding of the complex underlying network remains elusive. We have translated here the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the death-receptor-activated caspase cascade into a mathematical model. A reduction down to the apoptotic core machinery enables the application of analytical mathematical methods to evaluate the system behavior within a wide range of parameters. Using parameter values from the literature, the model reveals an unstable status of survival indicating the need for further control. Based on recent publications we tested one additional regulatory mechanism at the level of initiator caspase activation and demonstrated that the resulting system displays desired characteristics such as bistability. In addition, the results from our model studies allowed us to reconcile the fast kinetics of caspase 3 activation observed at the single cell level with the much slower kinetics found at the level of a cell population. [less ▲]

Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Culicoïdes) in Belgium: a comparison between indoor and outdoor trapping in cattle and sheep farms.

Conference (2009, August)

Bluetongue, a vector born disease of ruminants, was identified for the first time in Northern Europe in 2006. The vectors are insects of the family Ceratopogonidae, genus Culicoides. In Belgium, no recent ... [more ▼]

Bluetongue, a vector born disease of ruminants, was identified for the first time in Northern Europe in 2006. The vectors are insects of the family Ceratopogonidae, genus Culicoides. In Belgium, no recent data were available about the biology of these insects including their feeding habits and behaviour. The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the indoor and outdoor activity of these Diptera in 5 different cattle or sheep farms in 2008. Two sheep and 3 cattle farms were selected in the Province of Luxembourg, Belgium. In each farm 2 Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (OVI) traps were installed respectively inside and outside the animal accommodation. Trapping was carried out twice a week from 17:00 until 24:00.The collecting vials were replaced every hour. A portable suction trap (BackTrap® U.S.A) was used twice on each visit to collect midges on the animals. In each farm the study was carried out for 6 successive weeks, 2 farms being monitored together. The study began on July 28th and ended on November 30th 2008. A total of 2591 culicoides were trapped. A majority of those (88.76%) were trapped indoors whereas 10.03% were trapped outdoors and 1.21% directly on the animals. The ambient temperature had a marked effect very few culicoides being trapped below 13°C. Three main species or species complex were identified both indoors and outdoors: C. obsoletus/scoticus, C. dewulfi, C. chiopterus. They represented 98.93% and 85.03% indoors and outdoors respectively. On the animals only C. obsoletus/scoticus and C. dewulfi were found. [less ▲]

Bitterkomix: de kunstvorm anders bekeken

in Kannemeyer, Anton; Botes, Conrad (Eds.) The Big Bad Bitterkomix Handbook (2006)

Biuret

in Richet, Charles (Ed.) Dictionnaire de physiologie. 002. Tome II (1897)

Black British Literature

in Birch, Dinah (Ed.) The Oxford Companion to English Literature, seventh edition (2009)

Black grouse conservation : a case study in Belgium.

Poster (2001)

Black is beautiful. Géoclimatologie et dermocosmétologie d'adaptation chez les immigrants à peau noire.

in Skin (2007), 10

The ‘black marble’ of Denée, a fossil conservation deposit from the Lower Carboniferous (Viséan) of southern Belgium

in Geological Journal (2008), 43

The palaeoenvironment of the ‘black marble’ of Denée [Dinant sedimentation area (DSA), southern Belgium], included in the Molignée Formation of Lower Carboniferous (Viséan) age, is discussed. This fossil ... [more ▼]

The palaeoenvironment of the ‘black marble’ of Denée [Dinant sedimentation area (DSA), southern Belgium], included in the Molignée Formation of Lower Carboniferous (Viséan) age, is discussed. This fossil conservation deposit (‘fossil Lagerstätte’) yielded a rare but remarkably preserved macrofauna (including fishes, echinoderms and brachiopods). It developed in a confined intra-platform basin progressively filled by distal calcareous turbidites originating from the southward prograding shelf to the north. This basin was bordered to the south by a discontinuous barrier of Waulsortian mud mounds built against a major synsedimentary fault separating the DSA from the southern Avesnois sedimentation area (ASA). The alternations of laminated (‘black marble’ facies) and bioturbated (‘thick-bedded’ facies) lithofacies occurring within the Molignée Formation imply that the palaeoenvironment recorded several anoxic to dysoxic periods alternating with more oxygenated ones due to sea-level fluctuations of low magnitude and was strongly influenced by the basin architecture inherited from the late Tournaisian. [less ▲]

Black-grass Resistance to Herbicides: Three Years of Monitoring in Belgium

in Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences (2009, May 19)

Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides HUDS.) is a common weed of cereal crops widely spread in Northern Europe. Even if the first Belgian case of resistance was reported in 1996, until now, Belgium was ... [more ▼]

Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides HUDS.) is a common weed of cereal crops widely spread in Northern Europe. Even if the first Belgian case of resistance was reported in 1996, until now, Belgium was quite spared of this problem and only a few restricted areas were con-cerned: the Polders, the marshland of the Escaut River and the Fosses-la-Ville region. About 90 seed samples were collected trough the South part of Belgium and in the Polders during July 2006, 2007 and 2008. These populations were tested in greenhouse conditions by spraying plantlets with herbicides of three modes of action. The herbicides used were photo-synthesis inhibitor, ACCase inhibitors and ALS inhibitors. Susceptible and resistant standard populations (Rohtamsted and Peldon) were included in the test in order to validate it and to permit wild populations classification according to “R” rating system. Populations showed differences of susceptibility to photosynthesis inhibitor, ACCase inhibitors and ALS inhibitors. For each herbicide mode of action, it was possible to find at least one population in each resistance class of the “R” rating system. Furthermore, it appeared that resistance was not confined to restricted areas listed above anymore. [less ▲]