Binding of (3H)ethylenediamine di tetrodotoxin to solubilized receptor from excitable tissues. Binding measurements by rapid gel filtration and receptor stabilization by phosphatidylcholine

in Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie (1984), 92

Binding of beta-lactam antibiotics to the exocellular DD-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase of Streptomyces R39

in Biochemical Journal (1974), 143(1), 241-249

Benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine reacted with the exocellular dd-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase from Streptomyces R39 to form equimolar and inactive antibiotic-enzyme complexes. At saturation, the ... [more ▼]

Benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine reacted with the exocellular dd-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase from Streptomyces R39 to form equimolar and inactive antibiotic-enzyme complexes. At saturation, the molar ratio of chromogenic cephalosporin 87-312 to enzyme was 1.3:1, but this discrepancy might be due to a lack of accuracy in the measurement of the antibiotic. Spectrophotometric studies showed that binding of cephaloridine and cephalosporin 87-312 to the enzyme caused opening of their beta-lactam rings. Benzylpenicillin and cephalosporin 87-312 competed for the same site on the free enzyme, suggesting that binding of benzylpenicillin also resulted in the opening of its beta-lactam ring. In Tris-NaCl-MgCl(2) buffer at pH7.7 and 37 degrees C, the rate constants for the dissociation of the antibiotic-enzyme complexes were 2.8x10(-6), 1.5x10(-6) and 0.63x10(-6)s(-1) (half-lives 70, 130 and 300h) for benzylpenicillin, cephalosporin 87-312 and cephaloridine respectively. During the process, the protein underwent reactivation. The enzyme that was regenerated from its complex with benzylpenicillin was as sensitive to fresh benzylpenicillin as the native enzyme. With [(14)C]benzylpenicillin, the released radioactive compound was neither benzylpenicillin nor benzylpenicilloic acid. The Streptomyces R39 enzyme thus behaved as a beta-lactam-antibiotic-destroying enzyme but did not function as a beta-lactamase. Incubation at 37 degrees C in 0.01m-phosphate buffer, pH7.0, and in the same buffer supplemented with sodium dodecyl sulphate caused a more rapid reversion of the [(14)C]benzylpenicillin-enzyme complex. The rate constants were 1.6x10(-5)s(-1) and 0.8x10(-4)s(-1) respectively. Under these conditions, however, there was no concomitant reactivation of the enzyme and the released radioactive compound(s) appeared not to be the same as before. The Streptomyces R39 enzyme and the exocellular dd-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase from Streptomyces R61 appeared to differ from each other with regard to the topography of their penicillin-binding site. [less ▲]

Binding of the human glucocorticoid receptor to defined regions in the human growth hormone and placental lactogen genes

in DNA (1985), 4(6), 409-17

An in vitro competition assay was used to investigate whether binding sites for the human glucocorticoid receptor occur in the human genes for growth hormone (hGH) and placental lactogen (chorionic ... [more ▼]

An in vitro competition assay was used to investigate whether binding sites for the human glucocorticoid receptor occur in the human genes for growth hormone (hGH) and placental lactogen (chorionic somatomammotropin, hCS). These genes display 95% sequence homology. Two receptor-binding regions were found in the hGH gene, one of which is located within 290 bp upstream, and one within 251 bp downstream from the transcription initiation site. Two binding regions homologous to those in the hGH gene were found in the hCS gene. The receptor-binding DNA fragment from the structural part of the genes, but not that from their promoter area, contained a sequence homologous to a 15-bp consensus sequence proposed earlier for the glucocorticoid receptor binding site. It is unlikely that the putative difference in glucocorticoid sensitivity between the hGH and hCS genes is accounted for by major differences in glucocorticoid receptor binding pattern. [less ▲]

Binding properties of clozapine and related compounds on native D2 dopamine receptors in normal and oxidative medium

Poster (2010, November 16)

Despite the presence of several side effects, clozapine remains a valuable drug in treating schizophrenia. The presence of haematological toxicity was proposed to be related to the formation of nitrenium ... [more ▼]

Despite the presence of several side effects, clozapine remains a valuable drug in treating schizophrenia. The presence of haematological toxicity was proposed to be related to the formation of nitrenium species (1). Indeed, nitrogen derivatives like clozapine or olanzapine are very sensitive to oxidation while oxygen or sulphur isosteres such as loxapine, clothiapine and JL13, possess a very low sensitivity to oxidation (2-4). In the present study, we explore the impact of oxidation conditions on the binding of these drugs on native rat dopamine D2 receptors. Rats brains were quickly removed after cerebral dislocation and dissected on ice to get striata. After weighting, tissues were homogenized in buffer and washed three times by centrifugation. The final pellet was dispersed in the appropriate volume of incubation buffer (Tris 50 mM, MgCl2 5 mM, EDTA (Na2) 1 mM buffered at pH 7.4 with 4N HCl) depending on the experimental conditions. In oxidative conditions, horseradish peroxidase (1.25 µg/tube) and H2O2 (50 µM) were added to the incubation buffer. [3H]-Spiperone was used as radioligand and the non specific binding was determined in the presence of haloperidol (10 µM). Incubation temperature and time were 27°C and 60 min respectively. Competition experiments were done with different molecules such as haloperidol and various tricyclic derivatives. In our previous studies (2,3), we had observed that compounds like clozapine or olanzapine are significantly affected by oxidative conditions. In the present report, we show that this sensitivity is also associated with a dramatic decrease of binding affinity. Unlike such diazepine analogues, the binding of loxapine and JL13, two oxygen isosteres is slightly affected in oxidative conditions. Firstly, these results show that the distal nitrogen is not affected by the oxidative conditions. Secondly, the nitrenium formation (1) might lead to a tridimensional change that would reduce the interactions in the binding pocket. The oxidative effect of HRP/H2O2 mixture can be prevented by addition of ascorbic acid to the incubation medium. Thus depending on the oxidant character of the extracellular medium in physiological or pathophysiological conditions, interaction of molecules with different targets can be modified significantly. [less ▲]

Binding sites analysis of the major varicella-zoster virus regulatory IE62 protein

Poster (1997)

Bio hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from Fine Shredder Residues

in Minerals Engineering (2011), Vol 24, Issue 11

The leaching step of an integrated hydrometallurgical process for the selective recovery of metals from polymetallic concentrates has been investigated. The concentrate has been produced by physical ... [more ▼]

The leaching step of an integrated hydrometallurgical process for the selective recovery of metals from polymetallic concentrates has been investigated. The concentrate has been produced by physical treatment of Fine Shredder Residues derived from a shredding plant processing a mixed feed. Bacterially assisted leaching experiments using a copper-adapted consortium of mesophilic bacterial strains have been carried out. Various technological parameters have been studied. Under optimal conditions about 95 % extraction levels for copper and zinc have been obtained. Bacterial presence has been found beneficial in view catalysing copper dissolution. [less ▲]

(Bio)synthesis, extraction and purification of garlic derivatives showing therapeutic properties

in Smagghe, Guy; Boeckx, Pascal; Bossier, Peter (Eds.) et al Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biosciences 2013 (2013)

Garlic has been used worldwide for centuries for its taste but also for its health benefits. Garlic's therapeutic compounds are mostly organosulfur compounds, recognized for their antioxidant, anticancer ... [more ▼]

Garlic has been used worldwide for centuries for its taste but also for its health benefits. Garlic's therapeutic compounds are mostly organosulfur compounds, recognized for their antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity and their effect on cardiovascular diseases (reviewed by Block, 2010). When the cloves are crushed, allicin is synthesized as the vacuolar enzyme alliinase meets its substrate, the cytoplasmic alliin. Allicin is unstable and undergoes rearrangements to form three main groups of derivatives: allyl sulfides, ajoenes and vinyldithiins. The garlic processing method has a major influence on the products released both in terms of chemical composition and yields. For example, the type of medium (aqueous or oily) and the temperature can favour the formation of specific compounds. Our work aims at studying the influence of - the garlic origin, - the reaction conditions and - the extraction procedures (solvent, microwaves) on the organosulfur compounds formed. Particular attention is given to the stereochemistry and the stability of the compounds. Better understanding of the formation of high value natural molecules is important in order to lead further studies on the biological activity of the compounds or to use them as nutraceuticals. [less ▲]

Bio-bibliographie de Michel Malaise

in Cannuyer, Chr. (Ed.) Actes de la SBEO (2005)

Bio-cracking of sugar beet leaves targeting on Rubisco.

Poster (2007, October 11)

Les Bio-Industries : une alternative au gel des terres.

in Journal de la JAP (1989)