Test de bronchoprovocation à la métacholine chez le cheval : relation avec l’inflammation des voies respiratoires profondes

Master of advanced studies dissertation (2011)

The clinical examination and the ancillary tests used in clinical routine may be poorly characteristics in horses suffering from subclinical inflammatory airway disease or in clinical remission of ... [more ▼]

The clinical examination and the ancillary tests used in clinical routine may be poorly characteristics in horses suffering from subclinical inflammatory airway disease or in clinical remission of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). Methacholine bronchoprovocation test, which is used for diagnosis of human asthma, has been used in some studies in horses, but none have examined his potential diagnostic interest. The objective of this study was to determine whether this test may represent an applicable and repeatable method for the diagnosis of an increased susceptibility to bronchospasm in horses, and whether there is a relationship between this test and the markers of inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Eight horses (6 with RAO history and 2 controls) were used. They underwent bronchoprovocation tests 2 times at 24h interval. They were then tested before and after 7 days of an environmental challenge. Simultaneously, bronchoalveolar lavages were done for the measurement of several inflammatory markers. The test has a good feasibility and significant repeatability. Dust exposure increased the bronchoreactivity, while it did not significantly affect other clinical and functional parameters or inflammatory makers. In the future, the bronchoprovocation test could therefore find its place in clinical practice for the detection of asymptomatic horses which are susceptible to develop bronchospasm in poorer environmental conditions. [less ▲]

Le test de closure : mesure de la lisibilité et de la compréhension

Book published by Labor - 2e éd. (1978)

Le test de closure: mesure de la lisibilité et de la compréhension

Book published by Labor (1973)

This book describes the cloze test, an instructional tool that has been used in the United States for the past 15 years but has not yet been extensively researched in francophone countries. The first ... [more ▼]

This book describes the cloze test, an instructional tool that has been used in the United States for the past 15 years but has not yet been extensively researched in francophone countries. The first section presents a synthesis of the most important American studies and outlines a theoretical framework for researchers and teachers of French who do not yet use cloze tests. This section includes a definition and history of the cloze test; a description of the test as a comprehension measure, as a diagnostic measure, and as an instrument of linguistic research and instruction; a discussion of the validity of the technique from the theoretical and experimental point of view; and examples of its application. Section 2 reports on exploratory research with Belgian populations ranging in age from 9 to 18. A final section reports that this study confirmed conclusions of American research, i.e., that the cloze test is an economical instrument which provides a valid direct measure of readability and comprehension; and that the test is an important diagnostic, research, and instructional tool. Appendices include the six texts chosen for the test and a test sample. A bibliography completes the volume. (Author/AM) [less ▲]

Test de Concordance de Script: un nouveau mode d’établissement des scores limitant l’effet du hasard

in Pédagogie médicale (2007), 8

Context: The method of combined scores is currently used to determine the score obtained by the Script Concordance Test (SCT). Goal: To propose a novel measure of agreement between the SCT responses given ... [more ▼]

Context: The method of combined scores is currently used to determine the score obtained by the Script Concordance Test (SCT). Goal: To propose a novel measure of agreement between the SCT responses given by the candidate and those provided by the panel of experts. Results: The current scoring method of the SCT does not take into account the fact that agreement between the candidate and the panel of experts may be arbitrary. The proposed measure allows correcting this fact. Conclusion: This article addresses the problem of scores obtained by guessing. The new measure of agreement allows to improve the actual scoring method. [less ▲]

Test de normalite graphique en paleontologie humaine.

in Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie (1989), 77(3), 259-71

In human palaeontology, samples are generally collections of objects gathered according to morphological criteria and their statistical analysis usually calls for caution because of the relatively small ... [more ▼]

In human palaeontology, samples are generally collections of objects gathered according to morphological criteria and their statistical analysis usually calls for caution because of the relatively small number of objects. Testing normality for such samples is a critical problem. The procedure suggested by Filliben, however, is particularly suitable for small to moderate sample sizes. Moreover, it provides a graphical presentation of the data that permits to locate each object within the distribution range. We briefly review the principle of the method and give a computer program to carry out the necessary computations and plot. Finally, we illustrate the method by studying the distribution of the maximum length and the maximum breadth for a sample of skulls of the Upper Palaeolithic. [less ▲]

Le test de transformation lymphoblastique pour l'étude de l'immunocompétence du bétail

in Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (1983), 127

Test et validation d'un modèle de prévision de crues et d'inondations sur les sous-bassins de la Meuse en Région wallonne

Report (2003)

Test hydraulique du filtre Kipo 3000

Report (2010)

A test of the Job Demands-Resources model with alternative measures of strain and well-being

Conference (2009, May)

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Job Demands-Resources model (Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner & Schaufeli, 2001) has given rise to numerous studies aimed at a better understanding of positive ... [more ▼]

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Job Demands-Resources model (Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner & Schaufeli, 2001) has given rise to numerous studies aimed at a better understanding of positive and negative aspects of wellbeing at work. The existence of a motivational and an energetic process leading to, respectively, engagement and strain has been demonstrated several times, as well as cross-links between the two. However, these studies mainly rely on two measurement tools: the MBI-GS as a measure of strain and the UWES as a measure of engagement. The aim of our study is to test the model using alternative measures. Strain was measured using the NOSI subscale, and engagement using the POSI subscale of the PNOSI, a new tool measuring positive and negative wellbeing. Structural and external validity of this tool have been demonstrated previously (Barbier, Peters & Hansez, submitted). According to the JDR model, we hypothesise that high job demands would lead to strain and then to health problems. Our second hypothesis is that job resources would lead to engagement and then to low intent to leave. Structural equation modelling was performed using Lisrel 8.80 on 954 data collected in a Belgian public institution. As regards to measurement model, results show that a six-factor model (demands, resources, strain, engagement, health problems and intent to quit or IQ) shows good fit to data. We first tested the traditional JDR model, but it showed bad fit. Fit was improved when adding a path from resources to strain, from strain to IQ and from engagement to health problems. This alternative model showed better fit than the initial one. This study makes three main contributions. First, it tests the well-established JDR model using alternative measures of positive and negative sides of well-being. Second, it asks questions as to the respective outcomes of strain and engagement. More specifically, the path between engagement and IQ became not significant when a path from strain to IQ was added. That is, IQ seems to be more a product of strain than of (lack of) engagement. Finally, it emphasizes the important role of resources. It may be that the link between resources and low IQ would be mediated by low level of strain rather than by high level of engagement. Similarly, the relation between engagement and health problem is positive, which raises questions as to the pre-supposed positive effects of engagement. [less ▲]

Test results and model for the residual compressive strength of concrete after a fire

in Journal of Structural Fire Engineering [=JSFE] (2011), 2(1), 29-44

An investigation into temperature induced degradation of the compressive strength of concrete including that under cooling phase is carried out. The paper gathers and reviews a considerable amount of test ... [more ▼]

An investigation into temperature induced degradation of the compressive strength of concrete including that under cooling phase is carried out. The paper gathers and reviews a considerable amount of test data, considering the influence of different test parameters such as initial compressive strength, aggregate type, cooling regime and specimen shape. It is found that the compressive strength of concrete at high temperature is in accordance with the model proposed in the Eurocodes for calcareous concrete. However, during cooling phase, an additional reduction of compressive strength in concrete is observed, which can be as high as 20% of the initial strength for elevated temperatures around 500°C. Finally, a generic concrete model for temperature dependent compressive strength, accounting for both growth and cooling phase of temperature is proposed. The model can be used for simulating fire response of concrete structures subjected to natural fires or for the evaluation of residual load capacity of concrete structures after fire. [less ▲]