Synthesis of data availability for the river Meuse and the aquifer located in the alluvial plain in the Walloon Meuse catchment region

Report (2004)

During the three first months of the AQUATERRA project, the Group of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology from the University of Liège (HGULg) has performed a general inventory of data sources and ... [more ▼]

During the three first months of the AQUATERRA project, the Group of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology from the University of Liège (HGULg) has performed a general inventory of data sources and availability for the Walloon part of the Meuse basin in Belgium. This deliverable provides the information in the form of a summary table that gives a general description of data types, accessibility (public or confidential, free or charged…) and, if existing, a website with further useful information. In this synthesis, emphasis is put on hydrogeological information. However, general information on surface water is also provided when available. In the following months, needed data will be collected for the Meuse/Basin experimental sites in the Walloon region. Collected datasets will be introduced into the Hydrogeological Database HYGES developed by HGULg. This database is presently updated for the needs of the AQUATERRA Project. This synthesis will be further updated when new information and data sources are available. [less ▲]

Synthesis of eight-shaped and star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone) and their amphiphilic derivatives

in Chemistry : A European Journal (2008), 14(1), 358-368

Spirocyclic tin dialkoxides are unique initiators for the ring-expansion polymerization of lactones leading to complex, but well-defined macromolecular architectures. In a first example, -caprolactone (CL ... [more ▼]

Spirocyclic tin dialkoxides are unique initiators for the ring-expansion polymerization of lactones leading to complex, but well-defined macromolecular architectures. In a first example, -caprolactone (CL) was polymerized, followed by the resumption of polymerization of a mixture of CL and CL -substituted by a chloride (ClCL), so leading to living eight-shaped chains. Upon hydrolysis of the alkoxides, a four-arm star-shaped copolyester was formed, whose each arm was grafted by conversion of the chloride units into azides, followed by the Huisgen's [3+2] cycloaddition of alkyne end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) onto the azide substituents. The complexity of this novel amphiphilic architecture was increased further by substituting the four-arm interconnecting PCL by an eight-shaped PCL. In a preliminary step, CL was polymerized followed by a few units of CL -substituted by an acrylate. The intramolecular photo-crosslinking of the acrylates adjacent to the tin dialkoxides was effective in stabilizing the eight-shaped polyester while preserving the chain growth sites. This quite unusual tetrafunctional macroinitiator was used to copolymerize CL and ClCL, followed by hydrolysis of the alkoxides, conversion of the chloride units into azides and grafting of the four arms by PEO (see above). This architecture reported for the very first time is nothing but a symmetrical four-tail eight-shaped copolyester macromolecule. [less ▲]

Synthesis of end-functional poly(vinyl acetate) by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization

in Macromolecules (2005), 38(13), 5452-5458

Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) chains prepared by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization in the presence of cobalt(II) acetylacetonate (Co(acac)(2)) were quenched by radical scavengers, such as thiol ... [more ▼]

Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) chains prepared by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization in the presence of cobalt(II) acetylacetonate (Co(acac)(2)) were quenched by radical scavengers, such as thiol compounds and nitroxides, to displace the covalently bonded Co(acac)(2) moiety and to end-cap them with a reactive group. The cobalt complex was completely removed by filtration, as confirmed by the induction coupled plasma (ICP) analysis of the polymer before and after treatment. Growing poly(vinyl acetate) chains can be end-functionalized either by addition of an appropriately functionalized nonpolymerizable olefin or by displacement of the Co(acac)(2) moiety by a functionalized nitroxide. This strategy allows PVAc to be synthesized with a predictable molecular weight, a reasonably low polydispersity (M-w/M-n similar to 1.1-1.3), and a functional omega end group, e.g., hydroxyl and epoxy. [less ▲]

Synthesis of fibronectin, laminin, and several collagens by a liver-derived epithelial line

in Laboratory Investigation : Journal of Technical Methods & Pathology (1980), 42(5), 525-32

We have investigated the ability of ARL-6 cells, a cell line derived from rat liver, to synthesize various collagens and two glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix, fibronectin, and laminin. Using ... [more ▼]

We have investigated the ability of ARL-6 cells, a cell line derived from rat liver, to synthesize various collagens and two glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix, fibronectin, and laminin. Using immunofluorescence, we detected types I, II, and IV collagen plus laminin and fibronectin. Antibodies to types I and III collagen and to fibronectin were associated with most cells and showed a similar distribution. Type IV collagen and laminin were found in thin filaments associated with a small proportion of the cells. Chemical studies showed that ARL-6 cells synthesize predominantly types I and III collagens. The level of collagen synthesis was greatly affected by the presence of exogenous fibronectin added to the cells in the media. Cells maintained in fibronectin-free serum synthesized much less collagen. These studies indicate that liver-derived cells can synthesize a variety of connective tissue proteins and that collagen synthesis by these cells is enhanced by the presence of fibronectin. [less ▲]

Synthesis of fully acrylic thermoplastic elastomers by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), 2a effect of the catalyst on the molecular control and the rheological properties of the triblock copolymers

in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics (2000), 201(11), 1108-1114

The ATRP of MMA was initiated by α,ω-dibromo poly(n-butyl acrylate) in the presence of NiBr2(PPh3)2 leading to poly(MMA)-b-poly(nBuA)-b-poly(MMA) triblock copolymers (MnBM). The initiation of the MMA ... [more ▼]

The ATRP of MMA was initiated by α,ω-dibromo poly(n-butyl acrylate) in the presence of NiBr2(PPh3)2 leading to poly(MMA)-b-poly(nBuA)-b-poly(MMA) triblock copolymers (MnBM). The initiation of the MMA polymerization is slow compared to the chain propagation, which results in PMMA blocks of broad molecular weight distribution (MWD). In order to improve this situation, several experimental parameters were varied. CuBr/dNBipy was first substituted for NiBr2(PPh3)2, the results being, however, even worse. Then, the halide exchange was considered by substituting CuCl for CuBr. The CuCl/dNBipy catalyst proved superiority over the originally used NiBr2(PPh3)2 system. Finally, the addition of an excess of CuCl2 (deactivator) to the CuCl/dNBipy catalyst was very beneficial in decreasing the MWD of the PMMA blocks. Indeed, the SEC chromatograms are monomodal and narrow from the very beginning of the polymerization. The rheological analysis of the MnBM triblocks synthesized in the presence of each of the aforementioned catalytic systems confirmed differences in the molecular control of the copolymeriza-tion reaction. [less ▲]

Synthesis of functional amphiphilic copolymers for the elaboration of third generation drug nanocarriers

Poster (2007, May 24)

Synthesis of functional amphiphilic polyesters for the preparation, labeling and targeting of drug nanocarriers

Conference (2006, October)

Synthesis of functional nanoparticles by inverse microemulsion polymerization for diagnostic application

Poster (2001, December 13)

Synthesis of functionalized polyesters by the "click" copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition

in Khosravi, Ezat; Yagci, Yusuf; Savelyev, Yuri (Eds.) New smart materials via metal mediated macromolecular engineering (2009)

The functionalization of aliphatic polyesters by the copper-mediated azide–alkyne Huisgen’s cycloaddition is very efficient under mild conditions, which prevents degradation from occurring. The ... [more ▼]

The functionalization of aliphatic polyesters by the copper-mediated azide–alkyne Huisgen’s cycloaddition is very efficient under mild conditions, which prevents degradation from occurring. The implementation of this reaction requires the synthesis of aliphatic polyesters bearing pendant alkynes and azides, which can be carried out either by polycondensation or by ring-opening polymerization. [less ▲]

Synthesis of growth hormone by bacteria

in Nature (1978), 276(5690), 795-8

A hybrid gene was constructed between the beta-lactamase gene of plasmid pBR322 and the cloned coding sequence for rat growth hormone. This gene is expressed in bacteria and growth hormone sequences are ... [more ▼]

A hybrid gene was constructed between the beta-lactamase gene of plasmid pBR322 and the cloned coding sequence for rat growth hormone. This gene is expressed in bacteria and growth hormone sequences are detectable by immunological methods. [less ▲]