A STUDY OF VACUUM FREEZE-DRYING OF FROZEN WET PAPERS

in Drying Technology (2001), 19(6), 1113-1124

Vacuum freeze-drying of frozen wet papers was investigated experimentally. A freeze-drying facility was built to study the process by monitoring the various physical parameters (pressure, sample ... [more ▼]

Vacuum freeze-drying of frozen wet papers was investigated experimentally. A freeze-drying facility was built to study the process by monitoring the various physical parameters (pressure, sample temperature, heater temperature, water content of the sample and cold panel temperature). A simple phenomenological model was developed to explain experimental results. The values of the physical parameters were optimized to make the process cost effective. [less ▲]

Study of viability of Pseudomonas fluorescens BTP1 freeze-dried during storage at 4 and 20°C

Poster (2011, April 05)

The drying of bacteria remains a major alternative in order to keep them long term. After centrifugation, the bacterial pellet of Pseudomonas fluorescens BTP1 was divided in two fractions one with and one ... [more ▼]

The drying of bacteria remains a major alternative in order to keep them long term. After centrifugation, the bacterial pellet of Pseudomonas fluorescens BTP1 was divided in two fractions one with and one without cryoprotectants (2% glycerol and 5% maltodextrine) and freeze-dried. After freeze drying, powders were sealed in aluminium bag under vacuum and storage at 4 or 20°C. The storage stability of freeze-dried powders was studied by parameters such as loss of viability on the Plate Count Agar (PCA) (e.g. Concentration of Cells with glycerol (PG) at CFU/g before storage 109 and after 7 month, 108 at 4°C and 107 at 20°C) and evolution in membrane composition by measuring the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acid. These ratios decrease in function of time (e.g. at 4°C the ratios of C18:3 and C18:2 by C16:0 decreases respectively of 0,013 to 0,001 and 0,05 to 0,03 after 60 days of storage). Viability (%) and concentration (CFU/g) of bacterial during storage at 4 or 20°C with aw = 0,32 was determined using a procedure published by (Kurtmann et al., 2009). In the present study, flow cytometric analysis was applied to evaluate the state in which are the cells at the end of storage time. Furthermore, we compared result the survival of bacteria as obtained by plate count with the flow cytometric analysis results. [less ▲]

A study of vibrato : assessment by panel of judges compared to spectral analysis.

in Revue de Laryngologie - Otologie - Rhinologie (1999), 120(4), 239-244

Experts in voice singing and voice training were asked to judge the vibrato of 30 singers (4 samples per singer: a sung [a] held without vibrato; a sung [a] with vibrato; a self selected passage and an ... [more ▼]

Experts in voice singing and voice training were asked to judge the vibrato of 30 singers (4 samples per singer: a sung [a] held without vibrato; a sung [a] with vibrato; a self selected passage and an imposed passage. In the first part, they ticked the type of oscillations (vibrato, straight tone, tremolo, quavering, ...). In the second part, they appraised various criteria. Intra-judge and inter-judge consistencies were determined. The subjective parameters were thereafter correlated with the measurements of six parameters of the MDVP (Multi Dimensional Voice Program). The measurements were carried out on each task. Intra-judge consistency was good for only one judge (67-87% consistency). Since jdge 2 and 3 were hardly reproducible (45-73%; 28-57%) measurement of the inter-judge consistency was pointless. The results of jusge 1 were correlated with the Fundamental Tremor, Frequency Index, the jitter and the shimmer. [less ▲]

A study of Vibrato: assessment by panel of judges compared to spectral voice analysis.

Conference (1998, August 27)

Study of vocal therapy efficiency: Comparison of 2 methods

Conference (2009, June 06)

Our objective is to compare the efficiency of 2 methods of vocal therapy. Method A consists of exercises centred on the breath, the vibration and the resonance. Method B associates the principles of the ... [more ▼]

Our objective is to compare the efficiency of 2 methods of vocal therapy. Method A consists of exercises centred on the breath, the vibration and the resonance. Method B associates the principles of the muscular chains (Struyf) and the motor coordination ( Piret-Béziers) with the eutonia of G. Alexander. 11 patients (mean age: 32.9) presenting a functional dysphonia or nodules of the vocal folds were distributed in both groups. We compared their results pre and post therapy (interval: 6 months) at subjective (GRB, VHI) and objective (acoustics and aerodynamics) measures. We observe an improvement of the post therapeutic measures in both groups (VHI p < 0.005; maximum intensity p < 0.05; intensity range p < 0.05; frequency range p<0.05 and maximum frequency p< 0.05). We observe an improvement of the post therapeutic measures for the group A for the grade and the roughness on a sustained [a] ( p < 0.05) and for the grade, the roughness and the breathiness on text reading (p < 0.05). Both methods are equivalent to improve the vocal quality of the dysphonic patients in this study. [less ▲]

A study of within-laboratory variability based on data from the Belgian External Quality Assessment (EQA) programme

in Clinical Chemistry (1999), 45(6)

Study on alternative approaches to corrosion protection of ballast tanks using an economic model

in Marine Structures (2013)

One of the most relevant problems in ship construction and maintenance nowadays is corrosion in ballast tanks of modern merchant vessels. On the one hand, there is a general consensus that the economic ... [more ▼]

One of the most relevant problems in ship construction and maintenance nowadays is corrosion in ballast tanks of modern merchant vessels. On the one hand, there is a general consensus that the economic lifespan of such a vessel depends, to a large degree, upon the corrosion state of its ballast tanks, while on the other hand these ballast tanks, located between the outer hull and the cargo tanks, makes routine inspection and maintenance a difficult task. Today, ship's ballast tanks are usually constructed in steel and protected with an epoxy coating backed up by sacrificial zinc anodes. Such a construction has been applied without significant alterations for many years. The objective of this economic study is to compare this construction method with some potential alternatives. The considered alternatives are: (1) an increase in structural scantlings, eliminating the necessity to replace corroded at a cost of real cargo carrying capacity of the ship, (2) application of the novel and more durable TSCF25 coating (3), the use of corrosion resistant steel in ship construction and (4) a standard PSPC15 coating combined with lifetime lasting aluminum sacrificial anodes. A cost model was used to evaluate these alternative options together with sensitivity analysis. It is concluded that the durable coating and the use of lifetime lasting aluminum anodes are bound to improve the actual basic tank concept. Corrosion resistant steel becomes attractive when the steel price becomes competitive. [less ▲]

Study on diverse grafting techniques for their capability in rapid and efficient transmission of apple proliferation disease to different host plants

Poster (2007)

A study on engine health monitoring in the frequency domain

in Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2010 (2010, June)

Most of the techniques developed to date for module performance analysis rely on steady-state measurements from a single operating point to evaluate the level of deterioration of an engine. One of the ... [more ▼]

Most of the techniques developed to date for module performance analysis rely on steady-state measurements from a single operating point to evaluate the level of deterioration of an engine. One of the major difficulties associated with this estimation problem comes from its underdetermined nature. It results from the fact that the number of health parameters exceeds the number of available sensors. Among the panel of remedies to this issue, a few authors have investigated the potential of using data collected during a transient operation of the engine. A major outcome of these studies is an Improvement in the assessed health condition. The present contribution proposes a framework that formalises this observation for a given class of input signals. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain, following the lines of system identification theory. More specifically, the meansquared estimation error is shown to drastically decrease when using transient input signals. The study is conducted with an engine model representative of a commercial turbofan. [less ▲]

Study on european forest information and communication system. Country report for Belgium

in study on european forest information and communication system (1996, September 12)

Belgium is divided into 3 regions : Walloon, Flemish and Brussels regions. Each one has its own political autonomy in various fields, in particular the natural resources management. Wooded area in the ... [more ▼]

Belgium is divided into 3 regions : Walloon, Flemish and Brussels regions. Each one has its own political autonomy in various fields, in particular the natural resources management. Wooded area in the walloon region covers 530,600 ha. A first temporary inventory has been realised in the beginning of the 1980s. A new permanent forest inventory is carried out since the beginning of the 1994. The Flemish region will start the first permanent inventory of its 128,600 ha of wooded area in 1997. With only 2,000 ha the Brussels region does not organise a forest inventory up to now. The method used in the Walloon region is summarised below as the Flemish inventory method is quite similar. [less ▲]