Stromal Estrogen Receptor-α Promotes Tumor Growth by Normalizing an Increased Angiogenesis.

in Cancer Research (2012), 72(12), 3010-3019

Estrogens directly promote the growth of breast cancers that express the Estrogen Receptor 􏰀 (ERalpha). However, the contribution of stromal expression of ERalpha in the tumor microenvironment to the pro ... [more ▼]

Estrogens directly promote the growth of breast cancers that express the Estrogen Receptor 􏰀 (ERalpha). However, the contribution of stromal expression of ERalpha in the tumor microenvironment to the pro-tumoral effects of estrogen has never been explored. In this study, we evaluated the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which 17beta-estradiol (E2) impacts the microenvironment and modulates tumor development of ERalpha-negative tumors. Using different mouse models of ER-negative cancer cells grafted subcutaneously into syngeneic ovariectomized immunocompetent mice, we found that E2 potentiates tumor growth, increases intratumoral vessel density and modifies tumor vasculature into a more regularly organized structure, thereby improving vessel stabilization to prevent tumor hypoxia and necrosis. These E2-induced effects were completely abrogated in ERalpha-deficient mice, demonstrating a critical role of host ERα. Notably, E2 did not accelerate tumor growth when ERalpha was deficient in Tie2- positive cells, but still expressed by bone marrow derived cells. These results were extended by clinical evidence of ERalpha-positive stromal cell labeling in the microenvironment of human breast cancers. Together, our findings therefore suggest that E2 promotes the growth of ERalpha-negative cancer cells through the activation of stromal ERα (not hematopoiteic but Tie2-dependent expression of ERalpha), which normalizes tumor angiogenesis and allows an adaptation of blood supply to tumor demand preventing hypoxia and necrosis. These findings significantly deepen mechanistic insights into the impact of E2 on tumor development with potential consequences for cancer treatment. [less ▲]

Stromatactis... Où en est-on?

in Publications de l'Association des Sédimentologistes Français (2011, November), 68

Stromatoporoids paleoecology from the Frasnian (Upper Devonian) of Southern Belgium.

in International Palaeontological Congress, Programme and Abstracts (2010)

Stromelysin-3 and other stromelysins in breast cancer : importance of epithelial-stromal interactions during tumor progression.

in Lippman, M. E.; Dickinson, R. D. (Eds.) Breast Cancer: Cellular and Molecular Biology (1996)

Stromelysin-3 in the biology of normal and tumoral mammary gland.

in Journal of Mammary Gland Biology & Neoplasia (1996), 1(2), 231-240

Stromelysin-3 (ST3) is an extracellular proteinase predominantly expressed in fibroblasts. The particular structural features andin vitro functions of this molecule suggest it could be the first member of ... [more ▼]

Stromelysin-3 (ST3) is an extracellular proteinase predominantly expressed in fibroblasts. The particular structural features andin vitro functions of this molecule suggest it could be the first member of a new subgroup of the matrix metalloproteinase family. ST3 is transiently expressed during mammary gland post-weaning involution, embryonic implantation, various organogeneses, and during amphibian metamorphosis. Moreover, ST3 is expressed in a panel of human invasive carcinomas including breast, colon, and head and neck carcinomas. Almost all ST3-expressing tissues show intense extracellular matrix remodeling activities including the loss of basement membrane integrity. Thus, either directly, or indirectly in association with other proteinases, ST3 might be involved in tissue remodeling processes occurring in both physiological and pathological processes.In vitro andin vivo studies using malignant cells stably transfected in such a way as to modulate their ST3 expression levels indicate that ST3 modifies neither cell proliferation nor invasive properties, but rather favors tumor cell survival in host tissues. This hypothesis is consistent with clinical data showing that ST3 expression could be predictive of tumor progression leading to metastases. [less ▲]

La stromelysine-1 en pathologie inflammatoire: signification, specificite et elements de regulation

in Bulletin et Mémoires de l'Académie Royale de Médecine de Belgique (2001), 156(5-6), 275-281281-283

Stromelysin-1 or matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is a key enzyme of the degradation of the extracellular matrix in rheumatoid arthritis. MMP-3 is indeed induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and may in ... [more ▼]

Stromelysin-1 or matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is a key enzyme of the degradation of the extracellular matrix in rheumatoid arthritis. MMP-3 is indeed induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and may in turn activate other metalloproteinases. MMP-3 is a synovial parameter reflecting the local inflammatory reaction induced by inflammatory cytokines. It is not specific for rheumatoid arthritis nor for the erosive capacity of an arthropathy, which does not exclude its role in articular degradation. Serum MMP-3 is increased in diseases characterized by synovitis but also by steroid therapy. Although it is not disease-specific, serum MMP-3 could be useful as a synovial-derived marker of local inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, in parallel to CRP which is a systemic marker of inflammation. Furthermore, early determination of serum MMP-3 could constitute a new tool predictive of the disease activity and the therapeutic response in rheumatoid arthritis. [less ▲]

The Strong Coupling Constant from Hadron Structure Phenomenology

in QCD Evolution 2012 (2012)

We present recent developments on the role of the running coupling constant at the intersection of perturbative and nonperturbative QCD. A number of experiments show a smooth transition from small to ... [more ▼]

We present recent developments on the role of the running coupling constant at the intersection of perturbative and nonperturbative QCD. A number of experiments show a smooth transition from small to large scales given by the four-momentum transfer in the reactions. This is at variance with perturbative QCD where the running coupling constant becomes infinite when the scale equals ΛQCD. Approaches using an effective coupling constant could help interpret the opposite trend of data as compared to standard perturbative QCD predictions. We give an overview of the role of the coupling constant in the procedure to match nonperturbative hadronic model to perturbative QCD and we propose an extraction of an effective coupling constant from inclusive electron proton scattering data at large Bjorken x. [less ▲]

Strong decays of the scalar glueball in a confining effective Lagrangian of QCD

in Blin, A. H.; Hiller, B.; Ruivo, M. C. (Eds.) et al Hadron Physics: Effective Theories of Low Energy QCD N°1 (2000)

A strong infrared radiation from molecular nitrogen in the night sky.

in Astrophysical Journal (1945), 101

A new infrared radiation has been detected in the night sky, which is far more intense than the ordinary persistent aurora giving the green line at 5577 A. Measured with a photocell and filters, the wave ... [more ▼]

A new infrared radiation has been detected in the night sky, which is far more intense than the ordinary persistent aurora giving the green line at 5577 A. Measured with a photocell and filters, the wave length of the new radiation is 10,440 ± 25 A. This night-sky radiation is identified with the (0, 0) band of the first positive group B3∏→ A3∑ of N2. The absence of other N2 bands suggests that emission of the (0, 0) band involves conversion of the energy of dissociation D(N2) into excitation in a three-body collision: N + N + N2 → N2 + N2exc. Since D(N2) is a little larger than the excitation energy of B3∏, υ' = 0, but smaller than B3∏, υ' = 1, only the bands arising from B3∏, υ' = 0, would be excited; and of the latter, only (0, 0) is observable. This mechanism implies the presence of a large number of nitrogen atoms in the high atmosphere. It can be effective only with the value 7.38v. of D(N2) advocated by Herzberg and Sponer. [less ▲]

The strong magnetic field of the large-amplitude β Cephei pulsator V1449 Aquilae

in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2011), 531

<BR /> Aims: Only for very few β Cephei stars has the behaviour of the magnetic field been studied over the rotation cycle. During the past two years we have obtained multi-epoch polarimetric spectra of ... [more ▼]

<BR /> Aims: Only for very few β Cephei stars has the behaviour of the magnetic field been studied over the rotation cycle. During the past two years we have obtained multi-epoch polarimetric spectra of the β Cephei star V1449 Aql with SOFIN at the Nordic Optical Telescope to search for a rotation period and to constrain the geometry of the magnetic field. <BR /> Methods: The mean longitudinal magnetic field is measured at 13 different epochs. The new measurements, together with the previous FORS 1 measurements, have been used for the frequency analysis and the characterization of the magnetic field. <BR /> Results: V1449 Aql so far possesses the strongest longitudinal magnetic field of up to 700 G among the β Cephei stars. The resulting periodogram displays three dominant peaks with the highest peak at f = 0.0720 d[SUP]-1[/SUP] corresponding to a period P = 13ḍ893. The magnetic field geometry can likely be described by a centred dipole with a polar magnetic field strength B[SUB]d[/SUB] around 3 kG and an inclination angle β of the magnetic axis to the rotation axis of 76 ± 4°. As of today, the strongest longitudinal magnetic fields are detected in the β Cephei stars V1449 Aql and ξ[SUP]1[/SUP] CMa with large radial velocity amplitudes. Their peak-to-peak amplitudes reach ~90 km s[SUP]-1[/SUP] and ~33 km s[SUP]-1[/SUP], respectively. Concluding, we briefly discuss the position of the currently known eight magnetic β Cephei and candidate β Cephei stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram. Based on observations obtained at the 2.56-m Nordic Optical Telescope on La Palma and ESO Prgs. 077.D-0311 and 178.D-0361.Appendix A is available in electronic form at <A href="http://www.aanda.org">http://www.aanda.org</A> [less ▲]