Strain reduction in selectively grown CdTe by MBE on nanopatterned silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates; ; Samain, Louise et alin Journal of Electronic Materials (2008), 37(9), 1255-1260 Silicon-based substrates for the epitaxy of HgCdTe are an attractive low-cost choice for monolithic integration of infrared detectors with mature Si technology and high yield. However, progress in ... [more ▼] Silicon-based substrates for the epitaxy of HgCdTe are an attractive low-cost choice for monolithic integration of infrared detectors with mature Si technology and high yield. However, progress in heteroepitaxy of CdTe/Si (for subsequent growth of HgCdTe) is limited by the high lattice and thermal mismatch, which creates strain at the heterointerface that results in a high density of dislocations. Previously we have reported on theoretical modeling of strain partitioning between CdTe and Si on nanopatterned silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates. In this paper, we present an experimental study of CdTe epitaxy on nanopatterned (SOI). SOI (100) substrates were patterned with interferometric lithography and reactive ion etching to form a two-dimensional array of silicon pillars with similar to 250 nm diameter and 1 mu m pitch. MBE was used to grow CdTe selectively on the silicon nanopillars. Selective growth of CdTe was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Coalescence of CdTe on the silicon nanoislands has been observed from the SEM characterization. Selective growth was achieved with a two-step growth process involving desorption of the nucleation layer followed by regrowth of CdTe at a rate of 0.2 angstrom s(-1). Strain measurements by Raman spectroscopy show a comparable Raman shift (2.7 +/- 2 cm(-1) from the bulk value of 170 cm(-1)) in CdTe grown on nanopatterned SOI and planar silicon (Raman shift of 4.4 +/- 2 cm(-1)), indicating similar strain on the nanopatterned substrates. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 24 (1 ULg) Strain-induced ferroelectricity in simple rocksalt binary oxidesBousquet, Eric ; ; Ghosez, Philippe ![]() in Physical Review Letters (2010), 104 Using first-principles density functional calculations, we show that ferroelectricity can be induced in simple alkaline-earth-metal binary oxides such as barium oxide (BaO) using appropriate epitaxial ... [more ▼] Using first-principles density functional calculations, we show that ferroelectricity can be induced in simple alkaline-earth-metal binary oxides such as barium oxide (BaO) using appropriate epitaxial strains. Going beyond the fundamental discovery, we highlight that the functional properties (polarization, dielectric constant, and piezoelectric response) of such strained binary oxides are comparable in magnitude to those of typical ferroelectric perovskite oxides, making them of direct interest for applications. Finally, we show that magnetic binary oxides such as EuO, with the same rocksalt structure, behave similarly to the alkaline-earth-metal oxides, suggesting a route to new multiferroics combining ferroelectric and magnetic properties. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 45 (6 ULg) Strained Si-on-insulator for advanced CMOS devices; ; et al Poster (2007) Detailed reference viewed: 7 (0 ULg) Strained silicon on wafer level by wafer bonding: materials processing, strain measurements and strain relaxation; ; et al in ECS Transactions (2008), 16 Different methods to introduce strain in thin silicon device layers are presented. Uniaxial strain is introduced in CMOS devices by process-induced stressors allowing the local generation of tensile or ... [more ▼] Different methods to introduce strain in thin silicon device layers are presented. Uniaxial strain is introduced in CMOS devices by process-induced stressors allowing the local generation of tensile or compressive strain in the channel region of MOSFETs. Biaxial strain is introduced by growing thin silicon layer on SiGe buffer and transferring it to an oxidized silicon substrates. The latter forms strained silicon on insulator (SSOI) wafer characterized by tensile strain only. Future CMOS device technologies require the combination of the global strain of SSOI substrates with local stressors to increase the device performance. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 32 (1 ULg) Strained silicon on wafer level by wafer bonding: materials processing, strain measurements and strain relaxation; ; et al Conference (2008) Detailed reference viewed: 16 (1 ULg) Strained silicon-on-insulator - Fabrication and characterization; ; et al in 211th ECS Meeting, 2007 (2007) Detailed reference viewed: 3 (0 ULg) Strained silicon-on-insulator - Fabrication and characterization; ; et al in ECS Transactions (2007), 6 SSOI substrates were successfully fabricated using He+ ion implantation and annealing to relax thin (< 500nm) SiGe buffer layers, bonding and layer transfer processes to realize strained-Si layers onto ... [more ▼] SSOI substrates were successfully fabricated using He+ ion implantation and annealing to relax thin (< 500nm) SiGe buffer layers, bonding and layer transfer processes to realize strained-Si layers onto oxide layers. The reduced thickness of the SiGe buffer possess numerous advantages such as reduced process costs for epitaxy and for reclaim of the handle wafer if the layer splitting is initiated in the SiGe/Si interface. The electron mobilities in the fabricated SSOI layers were measured using transistors with different gate lengths. An electron mobility of ~530 cm2 /Vs was extracted, being much higher than in non-strained SOI substrates. Furthermore, an 80% drive current (IDSAT) improvement has been measured for long channel devices. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 23 (2 ULg) Stranding of a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) on the Belgian coastJauniaux, Thierry ; ; et alin proceeding of the annual conference (2006) Detailed reference viewed: 2 (0 ULg) Stranding of marine mammals: operations guide and necropsy proceduresJauniaux, Thierry ; ; et alin Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (2002), 146(5, OCT-NOV), 261-276 Detailed reference viewed: 32 (8 ULg) The Strange Case of the Jurassic Ichthyosaur; ; Fischer, Valentin ![]() Conference (2011, September) A report is given on the four decades of unpublished research on a novel ichthyosaur taxon from Iraq. Found in 1952 by field workers for Iraq Oil, it was donated to the Natural History Museum (London ... [more ▼] A report is given on the four decades of unpublished research on a novel ichthyosaur taxon from Iraq. Found in 1952 by field workers for Iraq Oil, it was donated to the Natural History Museum (London), then borrowed by the late Robert M. Appleby at University College, Cardiff. Appleby aimed to complete a full description of the specimen; his final manuscript also included an extensive discussion of the stratigraphic provenance of the specimen, its phylogenetic affinities, and speculations on its possible ecology. During his investigation, a broad collaboration ensued with members of the universities of Reading and Cambridge and HV Dunnington & Associates (exploration and resource appraisal consultants), as Appleby attempted to constrain the precise age of the specimen within the Jurassic Sargelu Formation. However, the manuscript resulting from this collaboration (submitted to the journal Palaeontology in 1979) was not deemed to have satisfactorily addressed that outstanding question. Although Appleby continued to work widely on ichthyosaurs up until his death in 2004, he was unable to resolve this problem. Subsequent work by the first two authors, incorporating archival research and a revisiting of earlier laboratory techniques, has led to a conclusive resolution of this issue, making it possible for a manuscript describing the specimen to finally be acceptable for publication. Resulting from one of several pieces of Appleby’s unpublished research, the new Iraq taxon has major implications for our understanding of ichthyosaurian diversity, phylogeny and distribution across time and space. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 82 (1 ULg) The strange case of the massive binary HD 149404Rauw, Grégor ; Nazé, Yaël ; et alin Astronomy and Astrophysics (2001), 368 We report the analysis of an extensive set of high-resolution spectroscopic observations of the massive binary system HD 149404. We compare different techniques to measure the radial velocities of the ... [more ▼] We report the analysis of an extensive set of high-resolution spectroscopic observations of the massive binary system HD 149404. We compare different techniques to measure the radial velocities of the heavily blended absorption lines and we derive a new orbital solution. The absorption lines display strong variability that slightly affects the orbital solution and the determination of the spectral types of the components of the binary. We find that the primary is probably of spectral type O7.5 I(f), while the secondary is most likely an ON9.7 I supergiant. The secondary seems to be the most evolved component of the system and its current evolutionary status could best be explained if the system has undergone a Roche lobe overflow episode during the past. The secondary could actually still be rather close to filling its critical volume and this could lead to an enhanced mass loss of the secondary. The spectrum of HD 149404 displays many emission lines some of which show phase-locked line profile variations. In particular, the Halpha line displays a double-peaked morphology at orbital phases near conjunction. We investigate the radial velocity behaviour of the emission lines and we find that some of them must be formed in an interaction region. We propose a simple model where some of the optical emission lines arise in a heavily bended shock region. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory (La Silla, Chile) and at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 31 (2 ULg) The strange case of the Of?p starsNazé, Yaël ; ; et alPoster (2009) Detailed reference viewed: 4 (2 ULg) Strange Tales and Bitter EmergenciesDelville, Michel ; in Finch, Annie (Ed.) An Exaltation of Forms (2002) Detailed reference viewed: 10 (0 ULg) Stranitsi istorii drevneï kulturi uzbekistana; ; et al in Alimova, D.A.; Pidaev, Sh.R. (Eds.) 2200th Anniversary of Tahskent – The Capital of Uzbekistan (2009) Detailed reference viewed: 14 (2 ULg) Strasbourg: la cathédraleVan den Bossche, Benoît ![]() Book published by Zodiaque/DDB (1997) La cathédrale alsacienne est ici découverte dans le cadre d'une visite approfondie, qui tient compte des résultats des recherches les plus récentes. Considérée par l'auteur comme un champ d ... [more ▼] La cathédrale alsacienne est ici découverte dans le cadre d'une visite approfondie, qui tient compte des résultats des recherches les plus récentes. Considérée par l'auteur comme un champ d'expérimentation dans les domaines de l'architecture, de la sculpture et du vitrail, elle se révèle aussi tributaire d'expériences menées sur d'autres chantiers germaniques mais aussi français. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 26 (1 ULg) Strassburg. Das MünsterVan den Bossche, Benoît ![]() Book published by Schnell und Steiner - 2ème édition (1e édition en allemand) (2001) Mit diesem Band ist der Besucher zu einer Entdeckung des komplexen Gesamtkunstwerks eingeladen. Ausgehend von der Westfassade wird er zunächst um den Aussenbau geführt, bevor sich eine eingehende ... [more ▼] Mit diesem Band ist der Besucher zu einer Entdeckung des komplexen Gesamtkunstwerks eingeladen. Ausgehend von der Westfassade wird er zunächst um den Aussenbau geführt, bevor sich eine eingehende Besichtigung des Innenraumes anschliesst. In prägnanten Beschreibungen werden die Augen für die Eigenarten der Kathedrale geöffnet, wobei der Autor den Leser stets auch die aktuellen Thesen und Diskusionnen der Kunsthistoriker einbezieht, Perspektiven eröffnet und Richtungen für weitere Studien aufzeigt, denn bis heute wahrt das Münster manches Geheimnis. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 143 (1 ULg) Strategia di integrazione regionale e intercontinentale: Argentina, Mercosur e Unione europeaSantander, Sébastian ![]() in Relazioni internazionali (1999) La dévaluation du real du 13 janvier 1999, qui a depuis perdu environ la moitié de sa valeur par rapport au dollar, a hypothéqué la santé de l'économie brésilienne et menace désormais d'entraîner ses ... [more ▼] La dévaluation du real du 13 janvier 1999, qui a depuis perdu environ la moitié de sa valeur par rapport au dollar, a hypothéqué la santé de l'économie brésilienne et menace désormais d'entraîner ses voisins proches, notamment l'Argentine. Une fois de plus l'Argentine est prise dans une tourmente financière. En effet, la dévaluation mexicaine du 20 décembre 1994 a eu des répercussions considérables sur l'économie argentine ainsi que sur les autres pays du Mercosur. Elle a occasionné un retrait des investissements, affaibli considérablement la consommation et ralenti l'activité économique générale de la région. Pour ce qui est de la crise actuelle qui menace l'entièreté de l'Amérique latine, d'aucuns n'hésitent pas à prédire des retombées comparables à celles de la crise de la dette de 1982. Si un tel scénario s'avérait vrai, cela constituerait une réelle régression. Avant la chute du bloc de l'Est, l'Amérique latine faisait face à la "décennie perdue". Rares étaient les pays qui s'intéressaient à établir des liens économiques avec elle. En fait, l'Amérique latine, contrainte par le bras de fer idéologique et nucléaire de Washington et Moscou, était devenue un champ de souveraineté limitée et d'affrontements. L'écrasante majorité des pays était intégrée au système diplomatico-militaire des Etats-Unis. Mais avec l'adoption d'un modèle de développement économique tourné vers l'extérieur et l'avènement d'une relative stabilité politique permise par la démilitarisation des rapports internationaux et la résolution de conflits internes aigus, l'Amérique latine avec son vaste marché intérieur et son considérable potentiel d'expansion devient un enjeu économique important aux yeux des grands centres de pouvoir économique mondiaux qui trouvent là de nouveaux débouchés. Mais l'engouement pour cette zone dite "émergente" réside surtout dans son nouveau modèle de développement qui repose sur des politiques économiques néolibérales et des accords régionaux d'intégration dits "ouvert". Ces politiques, toutes droites sorties du "consensus de Washington" dont le but final était la réinsertion des économies dans le marché international, ont donné lieu à l'ouverture unilatérale des marchés, à une course à la privatisation d'entreprises publiques, à la déréglementation et libéralisation des activités économiques, à des politiques macro-économiques stabilisatrices pour capter l'investissement étranger direct (IED) et à une profonde réforme de l'Etat. Ces politiques vont coïncider avec le régionalisme ouvert des années 1990 : les pays en se regroupant dépassent les rivalités nationalistes héritées du passé et essayent ensemble de favoriser un décollage économique tel que l'illustre le Mercosur. Les accords régionaux vont alors se multiplier de façon impressionnante. Ces intégrations régionales entretiennent des relations économiques et même politiques avec d'autres continents agissant ainsi au profit du "désenclavement intercontinental" de l'Amérique latine. La globalisation n'est pas étrangère à un tel phénomène. Le plus marquant de ces mouvements concerne l'accord-cadre entre l'UE et le Mercosur de 1995. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 39 (3 ULg) Strategia terapeutica peril trattamento del complesso della malattia respiratoria del bovino: l'esperienza belgaLekeux, Pierre ; in Large Animal Review (2007), 13 Detailed reference viewed: 123 (4 ULg) Strategic Analysis of Risk-Shifting Incentives with Convertible Debt; Hübner, Georges ; in Quarterly Journal of Finance (2011), 1(2), 293-321 Convertible debt eliminates asset substitution in a one-period setting (Green, 1984). But convertible debt terms are usually set before the asset substitution opportunity. This allows shareholders and ... [more ▼] Convertible debt eliminates asset substitution in a one-period setting (Green, 1984). But convertible debt terms are usually set before the asset substitution opportunity. This allows shareholders and convertible debtholders to play a strategic noncooperative game. Two risk-shifting Nash equilibria are attainable: pure asset substitution when, despite no conversion, shareholders benefit from shifting risk, and strategic conversion when, despite early conversion, convertible debtholders expropriate wealth from straight debtholders. Even when initial convertible debt is designed to minimize the risk-shifting likelihood, the risk of asset substitution remains economically substantial — contrasting with the agency theoretic rationale for issuing convertible debt. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 18 (3 ULg) Strategic assessment of urban cultural heritage : the case of Old Town Square in PragueTeller, Jacques ; in European research on cultural heritage : state of the art studies - Vol. 4 (2006) Detailed reference viewed: 18 (1 ULg) |
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