Spotlight on adapalene.

in Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology (2009), 5(12), 1565-75

BACKGROUND: In the field of dermatology, topical retinoids represent a mainstay in acne treatment. Adapalene is a naphthoic acid derivative showing some pharmacological activities similar to the regular ... [more ▼]

BACKGROUND: In the field of dermatology, topical retinoids represent a mainstay in acne treatment. Adapalene is a naphthoic acid derivative showing some pharmacological activities similar to the regular retinoids. The drug is used singly or in combination for treating acne and a few other miscellaneous skin disorders. OBJECTIVE: To critically review the pharmacokinetic, pharmacologic aspects and clinical benefits and adverse effects associated with topical adapalene. METHOD: A systematic literature review was conducted primarily based on PubMed citations. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Adapalene shares some biological activities in common with retinoic acid. However, it exhibits distinct physicochemical and binding properties for selective retinoic acid receptors. In acne, adapalene is expected to reduce comedogenesis, expel mature comedones and exert some anti-inflammatory effects. The drug is effective as monotherapy in mild comedonal acne and in combination with benzoyl peroxide for mild-to-moderate inflammatory acne. The safety profile of adapalene is good. Indeed, only discrete to moderate adverse events including erytheme, xerosis, itching and stinging may develop during the early treatment phase. Clinical experience has established that adapalene represents a valuable addition to the other current treatments for acne. [less ▲]

Sprache und Dialekt in der Euregio Maas-Rhein

Scientific conference (2011, December 01)

The Meuse-Rhine Euregion (the Region of Aachen, the German-speaking Community of Belgium, the Belgian Province of Liège, the Belgian Province of Limburg and the southern part of the Dutch Province of ... [more ▼]

The Meuse-Rhine Euregion (the Region of Aachen, the German-speaking Community of Belgium, the Belgian Province of Liège, the Belgian Province of Limburg and the southern part of the Dutch Province of Limburg) is an interesting area from a linguistic point of view: the official languages of the three countries in in the Euregion are Dutch (in Belgium and the Netherlands), French (in Belgium) and German (in Belgium and Germany); regional languages / dialects are Limburgish (which is recognised as a regional language in Dutch Limburg), Ripuarian and Walloon. [less ▲]

Sprachliche Identität, Spracheinstellungen und Sprachwahrnehmung in der deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft Belgiens.

Conference (2011, October)

If you have a look on the media in the German-speaking Community of Belgium (GC), you will find how prevalent the subject of language is in the minds of the German-speaking Belgians. East Belgian ... [more ▼]

If you have a look on the media in the German-speaking Community of Belgium (GC), you will find how prevalent the subject of language is in the minds of the German-speaking Belgians. East Belgian linguistic characteristics are frequently treated in the media (cf. e.g. the radio competition “Ostbelgien lernt Deutsch – der germanistische Adventskalender“) and just recently, a popular scientific dictionary of East Belgian everyday language has been published. This suggests that in the GC, there is a feeling that German as it is spoken in East Belgium differs from German spoken in the Federal Republic of Germany. This project asks the question of how East Belgian linguistic characteristics in everyday language are perceived and judged by the German-speaking Belgians, and to what extent they are part of their linguistic identity. Special attention is paid to the question of how far linguistic identity, language attitudes and language perception in the GC are influenced by the political and cultural situation of the region. The German-speaking Community is a partly independent political entity within the Belgian federal system. The eventful history of the region (3 changes in nationality within 25 years) and the minority situation have made it difficult for the inhabitants of the GC to find their own identity and a sense of “we-ness”. The inhabitants of the GC speak a language whose “mother country” is neighbouring Germany and they are closely linked to German culture through the media – nevertheless, they do not feel German. At the same time, within the state of Belgium, they are a linguistic minority, but they are also linked to Belgian culture through intensive contacts. Within Belgium, the German-speaking Belgians can use the German language to claim uniqueness (cf. the term “German-speaking Community”), but this does not work on the international level. But can dissociation from the German citizens happen on a linguistic level nevertheless, through regional variants and varieties? Since there are basically great similarities between the linguistic situation in the GC and in the bordering German areas (both on the level of the traditional dialects and regional linguistic features as well was in the vertical structure of variety use), while the extra-linguistic situations are very different, a comparative survey across the Belgian-German border is especially enlightening. The most important questions I want to raise are thus: How strong is the feeling that the regional everyday speech differs from that spoken on the other side of the national border? To which degree do these beliefs correspond to reality? What is in the eyes of the local population on both sides of the frontier typical of this variety? How do they evaluate it? And which functions do occurring regional features of German have for the identity of the people on both sides of the frontier? [less ▲]

Spraint analysis: is the method reliable for a quantitative study of the diet of the European otter (Lutra lutra) ?

Poster (1991, March)

Spray controller for horizontal boom movements compensation

in Proceedings of AgEng2002 (2002)

Longitudinal spray distribution is mainly affected by the horizontal speed variations of the nozzles. Manufacturers classically try to reduce unwanted nozzles movements using horizontal boom suspension ... [more ▼]

Longitudinal spray distribution is mainly affected by the horizontal speed variations of the nozzles. Manufacturers classically try to reduce unwanted nozzles movements using horizontal boom suspension but these methods show performance and price limitations. The purpose of this paper is to propose a spray controller aiming to compensate the effect of the horizontal boom movements on the spray distribution besides the effect of tractor speed variations. The controller is based on three main parts: a control law describing the relationship between nozzle speed, nozzle flow and spray coverage; a real time measurement of the boom horizontal speed variations using micro-machined capacitive accelerometers and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) no zzle flow actuators. A prototype was developed using a processor board controller (dSpace) and tested on a laboratory test bench. The nigrosine solution spray coverage was measured using image analysis for field representative multi-sine nozzle speed variations. The spray coverage uniformity using the spray controller showed about 51% compensation of the spray coverage variations observed without controller. [less ▲]

Spray pattern simulation model for standardisation of boom behaviour tests.

in Aspects of Applied Biology (2002), (66),

Simulation models of spray pattern are required for the dynamic behaviour assessment of sprayer booms. The reasons are their ease of use and their independence regarding variable operating conditions such ... [more ▼]

Simulation models of spray pattern are required for the dynamic behaviour assessment of sprayer booms. The reasons are their ease of use and their independence regarding variable operating conditions such as liquid properties and nozzle state, which interfere with the discrimination between various dynamic behaviours properties. Although such models have been developed for many decades, no international consensus has been reached on their use in a standardised test procedure. A consensual model is tested in the scope of standardisation specific needs. It uses ISO-5682/1 spray table measurements of the static distributions to compute three 2-D distribution at three heights using a filtered back-projection algorithm. These distributions are interpolated to generate a 3-D matrix of repartition at various heights. This 3-D matrix is used as nozzle distribution description in a dynamic distribution model where the dynamic distribution is computed as a summation of the static distribution at successive positions. The model kernel was found suitable to predict the repartition under a moving boom. [less ▲]

The Spread of the Scientific Revolution in the European Periphery, Latin America and East Asia. Proceedings of the XXth International Congress of History of Science (Liège, 20-26 July 1997). Volume V.

Book published by Brepols (2000)

This volume includes papers presented during a symposium on the spreading of the scientific revolution outside Western European countries, which was held during the XXth International Congress of History ... [more ▼]

This volume includes papers presented during a symposium on the spreading of the scientific revolution outside Western European countries, which was held during the XXth International Congress of History of Science in Liège in 1997. The contributions aim to answer some recent historiographical questions such as the modalities of the spreading of science in different countries, the reception of the new science by different cultures, the kind of changes this reception set in motion, the periodisation in adopting the new scientific knowledge, the structures set up for this adoption. Three geographical areas are presented here: the European countries in the border of the "scientific center", Latin America countries and East Asian regions. The volume constitutes the first attempt at making a synthesis at an international level on the important question of the spreading of the "new science" throughout the world. [less ▲]

Spreading segregation of blended fertilizers : influence of particles properties

in Applied Engineering in Agriculture (2008), 24(2), 137-144

Spreadsheet based teaching aids in chemical engineering education

in Computers & Chemical Engineering (1999), 23(Suppl. S), 629-632

Modern spreadsheet programs offer a wide range of calculation, charting and dialog options, allowing the development of effective teaching aids. Examples of worksheet illustrating numerical analysis ... [more ▼]

Modern spreadsheet programs offer a wide range of calculation, charting and dialog options, allowing the development of effective teaching aids. Examples of worksheet illustrating numerical analysis, thermodynamics and unit operations are shown. All offer complete interaction between the problem statement and the presentation of results. [less ▲]

Springback Prediction in Sheet Metal Forming

in Proceedings of ACOMEN 2002 (2002, May)