Spermine-induced modifications of intestinal urea cycle

in Pflügers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology (2004)

Spherical instrumentation for the urban morphology analysis

in Proc. of 21st Urban Data Management Symposium (1999)

Sphinxiocarpon, a new name for Sphinxia Li, Hilton & Hemsley, 1997 - not Reid & Chandler, 1933

in Lethaia (2007), 40(4), 393-393

SPICAV on Venus Express: Three spectrometers to study the global structure and composition of the Venus atmosphere

in Planetary and Space Science (2007), 55

Spectroscopy for the investigation of the characteristics of the atmosphere of Venus (SPICAV) is a suite of three spectrometers in the UV and IR range with a total mass of 13.9 kg flying on the Venus ... [more ▼]

Spectroscopy for the investigation of the characteristics of the atmosphere of Venus (SPICAV) is a suite of three spectrometers in the UV and IR range with a total mass of 13.9 kg flying on the Venus Express (VEX) orbiter, dedicated to the study of the atmosphere of Venus from ground level to the outermost hydrogen corona at more than 40,000 km. It is derived from the SPICAM instrument already flying on board Mars Express (MEX) with great success, with the addition of a new IR high-resolution spectrometer, solar occultation IR (SOIR), working in the solar occultation mode. The instrument consists of three spectrometers and a simple data processing unit providing the interface of these channels with the spacecraft. A UV spectrometer (118-320 nm, resolution 1. 5 nm) is identical to the MEX version. It is dedicated to nadir viewing, limb viewing and vertical profiling by stellar and solar occultation. In nadir orientation, SPICAV UV will analyse the albedo spectrum (solar light scattered back from the clouds) to retrieve SO2, and the distribution of the UV-blue absorber (of still unknown origin) on the dayside with implications for cloud structure and atmospheric dynamics. On the nightside, 7 and 6 bands of NO will be studied, as well as emissions produced by electron precipitations. In the stellar occultation mode the UV sensor will measure the vertical profiles of CO2, temperature, SO2, SO, clouds and aerosols. The density/temperature profiles obtained with SPlCAV will constrain and aid in the development of dynamical atmospheric models, from cloud top (similar to 60 km) to 160 km in the atmosphere. This is essential for future missions that would rely on aerocapture and acrobraking. UV observations of the upper atmosphere will allow studies of the ionosphere through the emissions of CO, CO+, and CO2+, and its direct interaction with the solar wind. It will study the H corona, with its two different scale heights, and it will allow a better understanding of escape mechanisms and estimates of their magnitude, crucial for insight into the long-term evolution of the atmosphere. The SPICAV VIS-IR sensor (0.7-1.7 mu m, resolution 0.5-1.2 nm) employs a pioneering technology: an acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF). On the nightside, it will study the thermal emission peeping through the clouds, complementing the observations of both VIRTIS and Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) on VEX. In solar occultation mode this channel will study the vertical structure of H2O, CO2, and aerosols. The SOIR spectrometer is a new solar occultation IR spectrometer in the range lambda=2.2-4.3 mu m, with a spectral resolution lambda/Delta lambda > 15,000, the highest on board VEX. This new concept includes a combination of an echelle grating and an AOTF crystal to sort out one order at a time. The main objective is to measure HDO and H2O in solar occultation, in order to characterize the escape of D atoms from the upper atmosphere and give more insight about the evolution of water on Venus. It will also study isotopes of CO2 and minor species, and provides a sensitive search for new species in the upper atmosphere of Venus. It will attempt to measure also the nightside emission, which would allow a sensitive measurement of HDO in the lower atmosphere, to be compared to the ratio in the upper atmosphere, and possibly discover new minor atmospheric constituents. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [less ▲]

Spider angiomas

in New England Journal of Medicine [=NEJM] (2009), 360(3), 280

Spiders capture attention especially when you are afraid of them

in Perception (2009), 38 Suppl.

Recent studies suggested that fear-related stimuli (such as spiders or snakes) are prioritized during visual selection. However, it remains unclear whether such stimuli capture attention in a bottom - up ... [more ▼]

Recent studies suggested that fear-related stimuli (such as spiders or snakes) are prioritized during visual selection. However, it remains unclear whether such stimuli capture attention in a bottom - up fashion when they are irrelevant for the search task. To investigate this issue we used the additional singleton paradigm (Theeuwes, 1992 Perception & Psychophysics 51(6) 599 - 606), in which participants had to search for a shape singleton (a circle among diamonds) while either a fear-related stimulus (a spider) or a fear-unrelated stimulus (a butterfly) was also present in the display. To determine whether the capture was modulated by the degree of actual fear evoked by the stimuli we compared performance of participants that scored high or low on the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (Szymanski and O'Donohue, 1995 Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 26 31 - 34). Results indicate that both task-irrelevant spiders and butterflies capture attention. More importantly, however, for high-fear participants the interference caused by spiders was larger than that caused by butterflies, signifying the role of fear as a factor in the capture of attention by fear-related objects. [less ▲]

Spiel und Zufall in Gotthold Ephraim Lessings 'Lustspiel' "Minna von Barnhelm"

Scientific conference (2010, November 26)

"Spiel, nicht Täuschung". Max Frisch und die Marionetten

in Das Andere Theater (2009), 73

Spiking Neural Network Decoder for Brain‐Machine Interfaces

Scientific conference (2011, November 28)

We used a spiking neural network (SNN) to decode neural data recorded from two 96-­electrode arrays in premotor and motor cortex while a rhesus monkey performed a point-­to-­point reaching arm movement ... [more ▼]

We used a spiking neural network (SNN) to decode neural data recorded from two 96-­electrode arrays in premotor and motor cortex while a rhesus monkey performed a point-­to-­point reaching arm movement task. We mapped a Kalman­‐filter neural prosthetic decode algorithm developed to predict the arm’s velocity on to the SNN using the Neural Engineering Framework and tested it in brain-­‐machine interface (BMI) experiments with a rhesus monkey. A 2,000­‐neuron embedded Matlab SNN implementation runs in real­‐time and its closed­‐loop performance is quite comparable to that of the standard Kalman filter. The success of this closed­‐loop decoder holds promise for hardware SNN implementations of statistical signal processing algorithms on neuromorphic chips, which may offer power savings necessary to overcome a major obstacle to the successful clinical translation of neural motor prostheses. [less ▲]

Spin glass behaviour and spin-dependent scattering in La0.7Ca0.3Mn0.9Cr0.1O3 perovskites

in Chinese Physics Letters (2005), 22(3), 686-689

The magnetic, electrical and thermal transport properties of the perovskite La0.7Ca0.3Mn0.9Cr0.1O3 have been investigated by measuring dc magnetization, ac susceptibility, the magnetoresistance and ... [more ▼]

The magnetic, electrical and thermal transport properties of the perovskite La0.7Ca0.3Mn0.9Cr0.1O3 have been investigated by measuring dc magnetization, ac susceptibility, the magnetoresistance and thermal conductivity in the temperature range of 5-300 K. The spin glass behaviour with a spin freezing temperature of 70 K has been well confirmed for this compound, which demonstrates the coexistence and competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic clusters by the introduction of Cr. Colossal magnetoresistance has been observed over the temperature range investigated. The introduction of Cr causes the "double-bump" feature in electrical resistivity rho(T). Anomalies on the susceptibility and the thermal conductivity associated with the double-bumps in rho(T) are observed simultaneously. The imaginary part of ac susceptibility shows a sharp peak at the temperature of insulating-metallic transition where the first resistivity bump was observed, but it is a deep-set valley near the temperature where the second bump in rho(T) emerges. The thermal conductivity shows an increase below the temperature of the insulating metallic transition, but the phonon scattering is enhanced accompanying the appearance of the second peak of double-bumps in rho(T). We relate those observed in magnetic and transport properties of La0.7Ca0.3Mn0.9Cr0.1O3 to the spin-dependent scattering. The results reveal that the spin-phonon interaction may be of more significance than the electron (charge)-phonon interaction in the mixed perovskite system. [less ▲]