Simplification du chargement aérodynamique sur une toiture de stade

Master's dissertation (2012)

The stochastic analysis of a structure subjected to turbulent wind gives estimation of the extreme (or peak) responses necessary for the structural design. These extreme values are established for each ... [more ▼]

The stochastic analysis of a structure subjected to turbulent wind gives estimation of the extreme (or peak) responses necessary for the structural design. These extreme values are established for each response within the structure (displacements, internal forces, reactions, etc ...). Notwithstanding, engineers from design office are used to design structures under static wind loads. The major challenge is thus to compute equivalent static loads that take into account the dynamic behavior of the structure and by simple static analyses, reconstruct the most accurately the extreme responses obtained from a stochastic dynamic analysis. Equivalent static wind loads are determined by applying various methods and the aim of this work is to extract a reduced basis, the principal static wind loads. These principal static wind loads are well suited for combinations in order to have a minimum number of design cases. Focus is made on the responses of the structure which are composed of mean, quasi-static and resonant contributions and on the number of design static wind loads to provide an accurate reconstruction of all extreme responses. [less ▲]

Simplification of milk recording in dairy cattle for low input systems.

in Guellouz, Mustapha; Dimitriadou, Andie; Mosconi, Cesare (Eds.) Performance recording of animals. State of the art, 2004 (2004)

The simplification of recording procedures constitutes an economic alternative to reduce operational costs when national recording programs are concerned in low input production systems. A total of 54 940 ... [more ▼]

The simplification of recording procedures constitutes an economic alternative to reduce operational costs when national recording programs are concerned in low input production systems. A total of 54 940 daily milk yields from a herd of 63 Holstein cows recorded in 3 years were used in this study. The effect of reducing tests to measure the accuracy of 305 milk yields was investigated. Two methods of total milk yield computation (the Test Interval Method (TIM) and the Interpolation using Standard Lactation Curves (ISLC)) were compared based on 495 combinations of milk recording alternatives. These alternatives were based on 2 milkings/day, one alternated milking (AM/PM) and one non-alternated milking (AM or PM). All of them were used with 9 intervals between consecutive tests (3 to 11 weeks) and 11 intervals between calving date and the first test day. Results showed that the differences between the actual 305 d milk yield and milk estimated by TIM were the smallest on consecutive test days of maximum 6 weeks of intervals. Differences increased in both sides positively back to A3 and negatively toward A11. Standard estimation errors increased from 4 to 9 from A3 to A11. Phenotypic correlations decreased from .99 to .94 when intervals between the calving date and the first test day increased and this for all test methods (A3-A 11). The ISLC led to a better accuracy of milk yield estimation when intervals between consecutive tests got longer. [less ▲]

Simplified analytical method for estimating the resistance of lock gates to ship impacts

in Journal of Applied Mathematics (2012)

Simplified design method for slim floor beams exposed to fire

in Proceedings of NSCC2012 (2012, September 07)

One of the most important advantages of using the slim or integrated floor beams (SFB and IFB supporting full concrete slab, precast units or steel deck composite slab) is a significant fire resistance ... [more ▼]

One of the most important advantages of using the slim or integrated floor beams (SFB and IFB supporting full concrete slab, precast units or steel deck composite slab) is a significant fire resistance. However, despite of its common use in construction, no specific simplified calculation methods for the fire resistance of IFB and SFB exist in the Eurocode. This study, based on existing calculation rules of Eurocode 4, a parametrical study using soft-ware SAFIR and fire tests results, define a set of formulas to determine the thermal field and to deduce the mechanical resistance from classical plastic design. [less ▲]

A simplified enzyme immunassay for serum lipase determination

in Annals of Clinical Biochemistry (1987), 24(2), 216-217

Simplified Fire Design for Slim Floor Beams

in Dunai, Laszlo (Ed.) Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Steel and Composite Structures (2011, September 02)

A simplified method to account for the non linearity of aerodynamic coefficients in the analysis of wind-loaded bridges

in Proceedings of the 7th National Congres on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (2006)

Based on a non linear quasi-steady wind model, this paper presents the statistical characteristics of the wind loading. These statistical characteristics are computed in an analysical way and validated ... [more ▼]

Based on a non linear quasi-steady wind model, this paper presents the statistical characteristics of the wind loading. These statistical characteristics are computed in an analysical way and validated thanks to a Monte Carlo simulation.After this validation, a parametric study allows giving some general observations concerning the non Gaussianity of the loading. Statistical moments up to the fourth order are computed in an analytical way. The subsequent relations are expressed as a function of the slope and curvature of the aerodynamic coefficients. They are a usefull tool for the assessment of the non Gaussianity of the wind loading on any bridge deck. This is illustrated for three famous European bridges. [less ▲]

A simplified one-pot synthesis of 9-[(3-[18F]fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine([18F]FHPG) and 9-(4-[18F]fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine ([18F]FHBG) for gene therapy.

in Nuclear Medicine & Biology (2001), 28(7), 875-83

9-[(3-[18F]Fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine ([18F]FHPG, 2) has been synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of N(2)-(p-anisyldiphenylmethyl)-9-[[1-(p-anisyldiphenylmethoxy)-3-toluenesulfonylox y ... [more ▼]

9-[(3-[18F]Fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine ([18F]FHPG, 2) has been synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of N(2)-(p-anisyldiphenylmethyl)-9-[[1-(p-anisyldiphenylmethoxy)-3-toluenesulfonylox y-2-propoxy]methyl]guanine (1) with potassium [18F]fluoride/Kryptofix 2.2.2 followed by deprotection with 1 N HCl and purification with different methods in variable yields. When both the nucleophilic substitution and deprotection were carried out at 90 degrees C and the product was purified by HPLC (method A), the yield of compound 2 was 5-10% and the synthesis time was 90 min from EOB. However, if both the nucleophilic substitution and deprotection were carried out at 120 degrees C and the product was purified by HPLC, the yield of compound 2 decreased to 2%. When compound 2 was synthesized at 90 degrees C and purified by Silica Sep-Pak (method B), the yield increased to 10-15% and the synthesis time was 60 min from EOB. Similarly, 9-(4-[18F]fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine ([18F]FHBG, 4) was synthesized with method A and method B in 9% and 10-15% yield, respectively, in a synthesis time of 90 and 60 min, respectively, from EOB. Compound 2 was relatively unstable in acidic medium at 120 degrees C while compound 4 was stable under the same condition. Both compound 2 and compound 4 had low lipid/water partition coefficient (0.126 +/- 0.022, n=5 and 0.165 +/- 0.023, n=5, respectively). Although it contains non-radioactive ganciclovir ( approximately 5-30 microg) as a chemical by-product, compound 2 synthesized by method B has a similar uptake in 9L glioma cells as that synthesized by method A, and is a potential tracer for imaging herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene expression in tumors using PET. Similarly, compound 4 synthesized by method B contains approximately 10-25 microg of penciclovir as a chemical by-product. Thus, the simplified one pot synthesis (method B) is a useful method for synthesizing both compound 2 and compound 4 in good yield for routine clinical use, and the method is readily amenable for automation. [less ▲]

Simplified synthesis of porphyrins/TiO2 xerogels for the photodegradation of p-nitrophenol and bacteria

Poster (2010, July)

Simplifier les interfaces utilisateurs

Conference (2009)