Secondary data value for geostatistical estimation of flow and transport parameters in low-permeability media

in Stauffer, Fr.; Dassargues, Alain (Eds.) Quantitative Geology from Multiple Sources: S10 Use of multiple sources in conditioning/calibrating groundwater flow and transport models (2006)

This study investigates the relative data value of different types of secondaryinformation to estimate the flow and transport parameters in low-permeability media. Data from four boreholes in two ... [more ▼]

This study investigates the relative data value of different types of secondaryinformation to estimate the flow and transport parameters in low-permeability media. Data from four boreholes in two different clay formations are analyzed. Cross-validation is used to estimate the relevance of the different types of secondary data. The flow and transport parameters (hydraulic conductivity, diffusion coefficient and diffusion accessible porosity) are first estimated by kriging using primary information only and then estimated by co-kriging using primary information and one type of secondary information (grain size, gamma ray and resistivity). The kriging residuals, i.e. the difference between the estimated and the measuredvalues, of the different kriging and co-kriging variants are compared to evaluate the relevance of each type of secondary information. This analysis shows that in the different clays and the different boreholes, different types of secondary information result in the largest improvement of the estimates of the flow and transport parameters. It is not possible to determine the "best" type of secondary information for improving the estimation of the flow and transport parameters of low-permeability media. This probably depends on local factors such as the quality of the loggings and the amount of nearby primary and secondary data. [less ▲]

The secondary eclipse of CoRoT-1b

in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2009), 506

The transiting planet CoRoT-1b is thought to belong to the pM-class of planets, in which the thermal emission dominates in the optical wavelengths. We present a detection of its secondary eclipse in the ... [more ▼]

The transiting planet CoRoT-1b is thought to belong to the pM-class of planets, in which the thermal emission dominates in the optical wavelengths. We present a detection of its secondary eclipse in the CoRoT white channel data, whose response function goes from ~400 to ~1000 nm. We used two different filtering approaches, and several methods to evaluate the significance of a detection of the secondary eclipse. We detect a secondary eclipse centered within 20 min at the expected times for a circular orbit, with a depth of 0.016 ± 0.006%. The center of the eclipse is translated in a 1-Ï upper limit to the planet's eccentricity of e cosÏ < 0.014. Under the assumption of a zero Bond Albedo and blackbody emission from the planet, it corresponds to a T_CoRoT = 2330[SUP]+120[/SUP][SUB]-140[/SUB] K. We provide the equilibrium temperatures of the planet as a function of the amount of reflected light. If the planet is in thermal equilibrium with the incident flux from the star, our results imply an inefficient transport mechanism of the flux from the day to the night sides. Based on observations obtained with CoRoT, a space project operated by the French Space Agency, CNES, with participation of the Science Programme of ESA, ESTEC/RSSD, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Germany and Spain. [less ▲]

Secondary electron excitation in the aurora.

in Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics (1972), 34

Not Available

Secondary flows modelling and application to the geomorphic evolution of sharp meanders

Conference (2004)

Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial

in Lancet (2005), 366(9493), 1279-1289

Background Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke. There is indirect evidence that agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ... [more ▼]

Background Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke. There is indirect evidence that agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) could reduce macrovascular complications. Our aim, therefore, was to ascertain whether pioglitazone reduces macrovascular morbidity and mortality in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods We did a prospective, randomised controlled trial in 5238 patients with type 2 diabetes who had evidence of macrovascular disease. We recruited patients from primary-care practices and hospitals. We assigned patients to oral pioglitazone titrated from 15 mg to 45 mg (n=2605) or matching placebo (n=2633), to be taken in addition to their glucose-lowering drugs and other medications. Our primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (including silent myocardial infarction), stroke, acute coronary syndrome, endovascular or surgical intervention in the coronary or leg arteries, and amputation above the ankle. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN NCT00174993. Findings Two patients were lost to follow-up, but were included in analyses. The average time of observation was 34.5 months. 514 of 2605 patients in the pioglitazone group and 572 of 2633 patients in the placebo group had at least one event in the primary composite endpoint (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80-1.02, p=0.095). The main secondary endpoint was the composite of all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and stroke. 301 patients in the pioglitazone group and 358 in the placebo group reached this endpoint (0.84, 0.72-0.98, p=0.027). Overall safety and tolerability was good with no change in the safety profile of pioglitazone identified. 6% (149 of 2065) and 4% (108 of 2633) of those in the pioglitazone and placebo groups, respectively, were admitted to hospital with heart failure; mortality rates from heart failure did not differ between groups. Interpretation Pioglitazone reduces the composite of all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes who have a high risk of macrovascular events. [less ▲]

Secondary structure of monoamine oxidase by FTIR spectroscopy.

in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (1995), 208(2), 773-8

The secondary structure of human monoamine oxidase A and bovine monoamine oxidase B has been investigated by Fourier Transform Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy (FTIR ATR). The experimental results ... [more ▼]

The secondary structure of human monoamine oxidase A and bovine monoamine oxidase B has been investigated by Fourier Transform Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy (FTIR ATR). The experimental results are compared for both isoenzymes and the data are incorporated in a statistical attribution of secondary structure of the enzyme describing the distinct folding and molecular specificity of the two types of monoamine oxidase. [less ▲]

Secondary-structure characterization by far-UV CD of highly purified uncoupling protein 1 expressed in yeast

in Biochemical Journal (2004), 380(Pt 1), 139-145

The rat UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) is a mitochondrial inner-membrane carrier involved in energy dissipation and heat production. We expressed UCP1 carrying a His(6) epitope at its C-terminus in ... [more ▼]

The rat UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) is a mitochondrial inner-membrane carrier involved in energy dissipation and heat production. We expressed UCP1 carrying a His(6) epitope at its C-terminus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. The recombinant-tagged UCP1 was purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography to homogeneity (>95 %). This made it suitable for subsequent biophysical characterization. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments showed that n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside-solubilized UCPI-His(6) retained its PN (purine nucleotide)-binding capacity. The far-UV CD spectrum of the functional protein clearly indicated the predominance of a-helices in the UCP1 secondary structure. The UCP1 secondary structure exhibited an alpha-helical degree of approx. 68 %, which is at least 25 % higher than the previously reported estimations based on computational predictions. Moreover, the helical content remained unchanged in free and PN-loaded UCP1. A homology model of the first repeat of UCP1, built on the basis of X-ray-solved close parent, the ADP/ATP carrier, strengthened the CD experimental results. Our experimental and computational results indicate that (i) alpha-helices are the major component of UCP1 secondary structure; (ii) PN-binding mechanism does not involve significant secondary-structure rearrangement; and (iii) UCP1 shares similar secondary-structure characteristics with the ADP/ATP carrier, at least for the first repeat. [less ▲]

Seconde campagne de mesure des odeurs sur le CET "Cour-au-Bois" à Braine-le-Château Estimation des nuisances olfactives

Report (2004)

The study is made in the frame of a follow-up monitoring of all landfill sites in Wallonia, initiated by the Ministry of Environment and managed by ISSeP. The present report concerns a second campaign on ... [more ▼]

The study is made in the frame of a follow-up monitoring of all landfill sites in Wallonia, initiated by the Ministry of Environment and managed by ISSeP. The present report concerns a second campaign on the landfill site "Cour-au-Bois" at Braine-le-Château. The usual field inspection technique was applied together with a GC-MS analysis aiming at determining the chemical composition of the ambiant air around the tipping area. [less ▲]

Seconde campagne de mesure des odeurs sur le CET de Happe- Chapois Estimation des nuisances olfactives

Report (2006)

The study is conducted in the frame of a programme of monitoring of all landfill sites in Wallonia. The "odour" part is assigned to ULg. The present report concerns more particularly a second campaign on ... [more ▼]

The study is conducted in the frame of a programme of monitoring of all landfill sites in Wallonia. The "odour" part is assigned to ULg. The present report concerns more particularly a second campaign on the site of Happe-Chapois. Besides the usual field inspection technique, the research group has used dynamic olfactometry to estimate the odour flux emitted by the tipping area, through a sample collected by a dynamic flux chamber. The report presents also a critical discussion about the advantages and limits of the field inspection technique. [less ▲]

La seconde génération des immigrés italiens à Herstal

Report (1985)