Salir de los guetos culturalesMartiniello, Marco ![]() Book published by Edicions Bellatera - Spanish translation (1998) Detailed reference viewed: 27 (1 ULg) Salivary Glucose Oxidase from Caterpillars Mediates the Induction of Rapid and Delayed-Induced Defenses in the Tomato Plant; ; et al in PLoS ONE (2012), 7(4), 36168 Detailed reference viewed: 18 (0 ULg) La salive, une nouvelle matrice alternative en toxicologieCollart, Anne-Françoise ![]() Conference (2010, April 23) Detailed reference viewed: 30 (2 ULg) Une salle d'analgésie postopératoire: une alternative à l'Acute Pain ServiceJoris, Jean ; Lamy, Maurice ![]() in Douleur et analgésie (1993), 2 Detailed reference viewed: 21 (3 ULg) Salmeterol or doxycycline do not inhibit acute bronchospasm and airway inflammation in cats with experimentally-induced asthma; ; Bernaerts, Frederique et alin Veterinary Journal (2011) The objective of this study was to determine if inhaled salmeterol, a long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist, and oral doxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic displaying matrix metalloproteinase (MMP ... [more ▼] The objective of this study was to determine if inhaled salmeterol, a long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist, and oral doxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic displaying matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitory activity, reduce airway inflammation and obstruction in cats with experimentally-induced asthma. Eight Ascaris suum (AS)-sensitised cats were enrolled in a prospective study in which they underwent four AS-challenges at 1 month intervals. The challenged animals were given no treatment or were treated on 4 consecutive days with either: (1) oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg twice daily), (2) inhaled salmeterol (50 μg twice daily), or (3) oral doxycycline (5 mg/kg twice daily), according to a randomised cross-over design. Inhibition of allergen-induced early (EAR) and late (LAR) asthmatic reactions were assessed by barometric whole-body plethysmography. Cytology and measurement of MMP-2 and -9 activities were carried out on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Although none of the treatments prevented the EAR, prednisolone treatment inhibited the LAR. Relative to untreated cats, the eosinophil percentage and MMP-2 activity in BALF were significantly reduced following prednisolone treatment (P < 0.05). Short-term therapy with either salmeterol or doxycycline had no effect on the EAR or LAR or on airway inflammation. Given the chronic nature of this disease in cats, long-term therapy may be required to produce more favourable functional and clinical outcomes. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 10 (2 ULg) Salmon-calcitonin nasal spray in Paget's disease of bone: preliminary results in five patientsReginster, Jean-Yves ; Albert, Adelin ; in Calcified Tissue International (1985), 37(6), 577-80 The effectiveness of Synthetic Salmon Calcitonin (SSCT) administered as a nasal spray was assessed via clinical, biological, and radiological variables in 5 Pagetic patients during a 6 months course ... [more ▼] The effectiveness of Synthetic Salmon Calcitonin (SSCT) administered as a nasal spray was assessed via clinical, biological, and radiological variables in 5 Pagetic patients during a 6 months course therapy, the results show that intranasal administration does not decrease the activity of SSCT in Paget's disease of bone. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 3 (0 ULg) Salmonella contamination of pigs and pork in an integrated pig production systemKorsak Koulagenko, Nicolas ; ; et alin Journal of Food Protection (2003), 66(7), 1126-1133 This paper describes the monitoring of Salmonella in a closed pig production system in Belgium over a 2-year period. A sampling scheme including animal feeds and carcasses was designed to cover the entire ... [more ▼] This paper describes the monitoring of Salmonella in a closed pig production system in Belgium over a 2-year period. A sampling scheme including animal feeds and carcasses was designed to cover the entire chain of production from farrow to finishing pigs. Salmonella was detected by a method based on the use of semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis as a selective medium. The serotypes of the isolated strains were determined, and the antibiotic resistance of these strains to six antibiotics was also investigated. Feeds were found to be more contaminated than expected (10.2%, 34 of 332 samples). The percentage of positive fecal samples for pregnant sows (8.1%, 11 of 135 samples) was significantly higher than that for young and lactating sows (2.9%, 11 of 378 samples) (P<0.05). The percentage of positive samples for colon contents collected at the slaughterhouse (47.3%, 88 of 186 samples) was significantly higher than that for feces collected during the fattening stage (5.6%, 18 of 320 samples) (P<0.001). For carcass swab samples, the observed prevalence was 11.2% (17 of 152 samples). On farms, Salmonella recovery levels were higher for overshoe samples than for fecal samples, except for pregnant sows. Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequently isolated serotype (32.2%, 55 of 171 samples), while Salmonella Brandenburg was predominant in the colon contents collected at the abattoir (21.4%, 18 of 84 samples). Feeds harbored a wide diversity of serotypes of minor epidemiological significance. Of 55 isolated strains of Salmonella Typhimurium, 11 (20%) were resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, choramphenicol, streptomycin, trimethoprim, and nalidixic acid (R Type TeAmCSNa), while 12 (21.8%) were resistant to all of these antibiotics except nalidixic acid (R Type TeAmCS). The majority of Salmonella Typhimurium strains that exhibited resistance to more than four antimicrobial agents were characterized as Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 or as being closely related to Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (7 of 12 isolates). In conclusion, our system of surveillance is effective in identifying most points of contamination in the production chain and will be useful in ongoing efforts to develop a Salmonella-free production system. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 82 (4 ULg) Salmonella dans la filière porcine : de l'abattoir au consommateurDelhalle, Laurent ; Korsak Koulagenko, Nicolas ; Daube, Georges ![]() Article for general public (2008) Suite aux accords internationaux et à la modification de la législation européenne, l’analyse de risque est devenue une démarche systématique pour la maîtrise de la sécurité de la chaîne alimentaire ... [more ▼] Suite aux accords internationaux et à la modification de la législation européenne, l’analyse de risque est devenue une démarche systématique pour la maîtrise de la sécurité de la chaîne alimentaire. L’analyse de risque permet de donner des réponses concrètes aux responsables de la santé, aux vétérinaires et aux industriels. Cette discipline permet de déterminer le risque pour une population donnée face à un danger, d’estimer le nombre de cas liés suite à l’ingestion d’une denrée contaminée, de simuler les conséquences d’un accident dans la chaîne alimentaire et de présenter les mesures de prévention efficaces. Elle permet également de proposer des scénarii possibles afin de réduire le nombre de cas et les coûts associés, d’évaluer l’effet de l’implémentation de mesures de gestion comme des critères de performance (par exemple des niveaux admissibles de contamination microbienne) ou des critères de traitement (par exemple une durée ou une température à une étape donnée), etc. L’analyse de risque peut être un guide quantitatif utile pour les prises de décision si elle s'appuie sur des études scientifiques solides et si elle est complétée par des décisions industrielles, sociales et politiques qui prennent en compte les limites de cette méthode. Actuellement, le Département des Sciences des Denrées alimentaires de la Faculté Vétérinaire de l’Université de Liège associés avec d’autres partenaires réalisent une évaluation quantitative de risque concernant Salmonella dans la filière porcine (projet METZOON). Le modèle développé simule la contamination par Salmonella de l’ensemble de la filière à partir de l’élevage de porc jusqu’à la consommation de la viande par la population. Le modèle fait appel aux résultats des plans de surveillance de l’AFSCA et à l’ensemble des études réalisées en Belgique sur les salmonelles dans la filière porcine. Plusieurs industriels ont également collaboré à cette étude. Le but est d’identifier les actions ayant le plus d’efficacité pour réduire la contamination de la chaîne alimentaire. En conclusion, le nombre de salmonelloses humaines a diminué ces dernières années en Belgique. L’implémentation des méthodes HACCP et des bonnes pratiques d’hygiène dans l’industrie, une meilleure surveillance des aliments par les autorités publiques, les campagnes de vaccination des poules pondeuses en production primaire sont les raisons essentielles de la diminution. Mais l’ensemble des acteurs de la filière doivent être conscients de leur responsabilité dans le but d’obtenir une viande indemne de salmonelles. Les bonnes pratiques de fabrication doivent être respectées tout au long de la chaîne de production, en accord avec les principes HACCP, avec des contrôles fréquents sur tous les points critiques. Une traçabilité complète de l’origine de la viande ou des produits de viande est nécessaire pour permettre aux autorités publiques et aux épidémiologistes d’établir l’origine d’épidémies et ainsi réagir au plus vite. Ce n’est qu’avec une collaboration continue de tous les acteurs que nous pourrons produire une viande sans salmonelles. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 153 (23 ULg) Salmonella dans la filière porcine : de l'abattoir au consommateurDelhalle, Laurent ; Korsak Koulagenko, Nicolas ; Daube, Georges ![]() Article for general public (2008) Detailed reference viewed: 70 (8 ULg) Salmonella dans la viande et dans les oeufs : un danger pour le consommateur qui demande la mise en place d’un programme de lutte efficace; ; et al in Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (2005), 149(1), 34-48 L’émergence de Salmonella Enteritidis dans l’industrie avicole a eu lieu dans tous les pays occidentaux entre 1965 et 1980. Depuis lors, ce sérotype est devenu le plus commun chez la volaille. Comme il se ... [more ▼] L’émergence de Salmonella Enteritidis dans l’industrie avicole a eu lieu dans tous les pays occidentaux entre 1965 et 1980. Depuis lors, ce sérotype est devenu le plus commun chez la volaille. Comme il se transmet verticalement dans les oeufs, il constitue la cause principale de la pandémie de salmonellose non-typhoïde qui est observée chez l’homme. En outre, la bactérie se transmet aussi horizontalement dans les exploitations de volaille. Une fois qu’un bâtiment a hébergé des poules contaminées, il est très difficile d’éliminer cette contamination par les mesures hygiéniques classiques. Le mécanisme de transmission dans les oeufs n’est toujours pas complètement élucidé, ce qui constitue un obstacle majeur pour le développement de nouvelles mesures de prévention et de traitement. Les produits et mesures actuellement disponibles pour lutter contre Salmonella chez la volaille ont été largement développés sur base de méthodes empiriques. Néanmoins, la situation actuelle impose de prendre des mesures. Au niveau européen, de nouvelles dispositions législatives prévoient une série de mesures visant à réduire les taux de contamination de Salmonella tout au long de la chaîne de production, de transformation et de distribution des oeufs et de la viande de volaille. Il est évident que les contaminations des oeufs et de la viande sont fortement influencées respectivement par les conditions hygiéniques de l’abattage et par la réfrigération des oeufs. Au niveau belge, l’Agence fédérale pour la Sécurité de la chaîne alimentaire (AFSCA) va mettre en place un nouveau programme de lutte dans le secteur avicole. Cet article passe en revue les aspects les plus importants de l’épidémiologie, de la pathogenèse et décrit les mesures de prévention et de lutte qui sont disponibles à l’heure actuelle. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 9 (0 ULg) Salmonella enterica dans les mortalités de pintadeaux au Bénin: Etude de terrain, comparaison des souches et activité antibactérienne des extraits de plantes localesBoko, Kadoéito Cyrille ![]() Doctoral thesis (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 33 (23 ULg) Salmonella et germes indicateurs dans la filière de production et de distribution de viande de porc en Belgique.Delhalle, Laurent ; Farnir, Frédéric ; Daube, Georges ![]() Conference (2006, July) Detailed reference viewed: 12 (0 ULg) Salmonella in chicken : Current and developing strategies to reduce contamination at farm levelVandeplas, Sabrina ; Dubois Dauphin, Robin ; Beckers, Yves et alin Journal of Food Protection (2010), 73(4), 774-785 Salmonella sp. is a human pathogen that frequently infects poultry flocks. Consuming raw or undercooked contaminated poultry products can induce acute gastro-enteritis in human. Faced with the public ... [more ▼] Salmonella sp. is a human pathogen that frequently infects poultry flocks. Consuming raw or undercooked contaminated poultry products can induce acute gastro-enteritis in human. Faced with the public health concern associated with salmonellosis, the European Union (EU) has established a European regulation forcing Member States (MS) to implement control programs aimed at reducing Salmonella prevalence in poultry production, especially at the primary production level. The purpose of the present review article is to summarise the current research and to suggest future developments in the area of Salmonella control in poultry, which may be of value to the industry in the coming years. The review will focus especially on preventive strategies that have been developed and that aim at reducing the incidence of Salmonella colonization in broiler chickens at farm level. Besides the usual preventive hygienic measures, different strategies have been investigated, like feed and drinking water acidification by organic acids and immune strategies based on passive and active immunity. Modulating the diet in terms of ingredient and nutrient composition with the intent of reducing the bird’s susceptibility to Salmonella has also been examined. Because in-ovo feeding has been shown to accelerate small intestinal development and to enhance the epithelial cell function, it could also be an efficient tool to control enteric pathogens. Microflora-modulating feed additives, like antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics, represent another field of investigation, whose success depends on the additive used. Finally, recent control methods, such as chlorate products and bacteriophages, have also been studied. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 124 (25 ULg) Salmonella in pluimveevlees en eieren: een gevaar voor de consument die om efficiënte bestrijdingsprogramma's vraagt; ; et al in Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift (2005), 74 Detailed reference viewed: 5 (0 ULg) Salmonella spp on the pig meat through the cold chain in BelgiumDelhalle, Laurent ; ; Daube, Georges ![]() Poster (2007, June) Detailed reference viewed: 1 (0 ULg) Salmonella spp. in food of animal origin: a continuous threat for public health?Korsak Koulagenko, Nicolas ; Clinquart, Antoine ; Daube, Georges ![]() in Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (2004), 148(4), 174-193 Salmonella is a mesophilic bacterium that share common characteristics with Enterobacteriaceae. Two species are described: Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. Beside the fact that the infection in ... [more ▼] Salmonella is a mesophilic bacterium that share common characteristics with Enterobacteriaceae. Two species are described: Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. Beside the fact that the infection in host cells requires type III secretion-systems, little is known, at present, about virulence mechanisms. Among the cultural detection methods, the use of semi-solid media seems more efficient than the others for Salmonella recovery. The techniques based on genetic amplification may be useful in order to further characterize the isolated strains. Salmonella can be isolated from the intestine of numerous animal species and its survival in the surroundings may be quite long. Several serotypes may cause clinical salmonellosis while others may be responsible for animal species of a carrier state. In this abstract, the influence of swine production system will be developed. The sustainable and ongoing surveillance are justified by the fact that Salmonella leads to numerous foodborne cases and outbreaks and is responsible of important economic and social costs. This surveillance aims to improve the sanitary quality of food from "farm to fork". The preventive methods available for the pre-harvest production step and for the slaughterhouse will be also evoked. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 111 (11 ULg) Salmonella surveillance and control at post harvest in the Belgian pork meat chain.Delhalle, Laurent ; Saegerman, Claude ; Farnir, Frédéric et alin Food Microbiology (2009), 26 Salmonella remains the primary cause of reported bacterial food borne disease outbreaks in Belgium. Pork and pork products are recognized as one of the major sources of human salmonellosis. In contrast ... [more ▼] Salmonella remains the primary cause of reported bacterial food borne disease outbreaks in Belgium. Pork and pork products are recognized as one of the major sources of human salmonellosis. In contrast with the primary production and slaughterhouse phases of the pork meat production chain, only a few studies have focussed on the post-harvest stages. The goal of this study was to evaluate Salmonella and Escherichia coli contamination at the Belgian post-harvest stages. E. coli counts were estimated in order to evaluate the levels of faecal contamination. The results of bacteriological analysis from seven cutting plants, four meat-mincing plants and the four largest Belgian retailers were collected from official and self-monitoring controls. The prevalence of Salmonella in the cutting plants and meat-mincing plants ranged from 0% to 50%. The most frequently isolated serotype was Salmonella typhimurium. The prevalence in minced meat at retail level ranged from 0.3% to 4.3%. The levels of Salmonella contamination estimated from semi-quantitative analysis of data relating to carcasses, cuts of meat and minced meat were equal to 3.40 2.04 log CFU/cm2, 2.64 1.76 log CFU/g and 2.35 1.09 log CFU/g, respectively. The E. coli results in meat cuts and minced meat ranged from 0.21 0.50 to 1.23 0.89 log CFU/g and from 1.33 0.58 to 2.78 0.43 log CFU/g, respectively. The results showed that faecal contamination still needs to be reduced, especially in specific individual plants. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 87 (22 ULg) Salmonella Typhimurium oral challenge model in mature broilers: Bacteriological, immunological, and growth performance aspects.Marcq, Christopher ; ; Szalo, Ioan Mihai et alin Poultry Science (2011), 90(1), 59-67 In this study, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium challenge models were tested to identify the best conditions under which to perform the experimental infection of 3-wk-old broilers. Such a model ... [more ▼] In this study, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium challenge models were tested to identify the best conditions under which to perform the experimental infection of 3-wk-old broilers. Such a model would be useful to study the efficiency of therapeutic treatments that could take place at the end of the grow-out period. Salmonella-free chicks were obtained from a breeder flock vaccinated with Salmonella. Intestinal maternal immunity was monitored by ELISA analyses at 2, 9, and 16 d of age. Data indicated that protection of maternal origin was not maintained over time and was drastically reduced at 9 d of age (P < 0.01). At 21 d of age, chickens were orally inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium. The effects of the oral challenge dose (0, 3 x 10(3), 3 x 10(6), and 3 x 10(9) cfu/bird) and vancomycin pretreatment (no administration or 25 mg/bird) on intestinal immune responses, growth performance, and Salmonella colonization of chickens were investigated. After infection, the mucosal immune response was rapid, with increased (P < 0.01) anti-Salmonella Typhimurium IgA titers measured at 8 d postinfection in intestinal contents. A linear relationship (P < 0.05) existed between specific IgA levels in intestinal and cecal contents and the challenge dose inoculated. None of the challenge protocols caused mortality or clinical symptoms after infection. Nevertheless, the experimental infection induced a significant deterioration of growth performance. The pretreatment with 25 mg of vancomycin at 3 h before Salmonella inoculation was able to establish stable infection rates among the population of 3-wk-old infected chickens. Nevertheless, Salmonella shedding was not stable over the rearing period, and the bacteria seemed to be naturally eliminated from most birds at 22 d postinfection. This natural clearance of the gut, which was related, at least in part, to the intestinal immune response, should limit the usability of the created mature challenge model within 1 to 2 wk after inoculation. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 223 (111 ULg) The Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test: comparison of human and rat livers as activating systems.; ; et al in Mutation Research : Fundamental & Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis (1985), 156(3), 139-46 The mutagenicity of several test compounds was verified by the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test (Ames test), using both human liver and rat liver (untreated or pretreated with Aroclor 1254) S9 under ... [more ▼] The mutagenicity of several test compounds was verified by the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test (Ames test), using both human liver and rat liver (untreated or pretreated with Aroclor 1254) S9 under identical experimental conditions. Aflatoxin B1, 3-methylcholanthrene, and cigarette-smoke condensate were less mutagenic in the presence of human-liver S9 than in the presence of rat-liver S9 (particularly after treatment with Aroclor 1254). The opposite was observed with 2-aminonanthracene and to a lesser degree with 2-aminofluorene; correlation studies indicate that the two compounds were activated by the same or by very similar enzymes, probably cytochrome P-450s. These results clearly indicate that human-liver S9, as an activating system, behaves differently than rat-liver S9; therefore, it may constitute a useful, additional tool for the study of mutagenicity and probably, carcinogenicity in man. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 2 (0 ULg) Les Salmonelles au niveau de la production primaire de porcs.Korsak Koulagenko, Nicolas ; Delhalle, Laurent ; Daube, Georges ![]() Article for general public (2008) La problématique des Salmonella spp. en filière animale, quelle que soit la spéculation envisagée, apparaît simple. De nombreux guides et ouvrages y ont été consacrés et, en théorie, il semble aisé de ... [more ▼] La problématique des Salmonella spp. en filière animale, quelle que soit la spéculation envisagée, apparaît simple. De nombreux guides et ouvrages y ont été consacrés et, en théorie, il semble aisé de s’en débarrasser ou d’empêcher son introduction dans un élevage ou dans un atelier d’engraissement. En pratique, toutefois, la situation est différente et il est constaté que le micro-organisme peut contaminer la chaîne alimentaire en de multiples endroits, que ce soit au stade de la production primaire, dans le secteur abattage et transformation ou bien chez le consommateur. Pour arriver à développer une filière porcine « Salmonella-free », il faut une collaboration complète de tous les acteurs d’une filière, ce qui signifie qu’elle doit être intense et soutenue dans le temps. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 62 (14 ULg) |
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