Retour sur la qualification des prix prédateurs

in Revue Lamy de la Concurrence (2007), (12), 817

This article revisits the definition of predation in light of recent economic analysis, which emphasises the importance of strategic consideration. It goes on to analyse recent French and EU case law on ... [more ▼]

This article revisits the definition of predation in light of recent economic analysis, which emphasises the importance of strategic consideration. It goes on to analyse recent French and EU case law on predatory pricing. It is argued that recent French decisional practice could be viewed as a model for incorporating insights from economics in a methodolically sound manner. [less ▲]

Retour sur le "secteur informel". L'économie du Katanga (Congo-Zaïre) face à la falsification de la loi

in Sociologie du Travail (2007), 49(3), 316-329

In the social sciences, the idea of an informal sector has been criticized more for the classification of economic activities in two separate sectors than for the labeling of them as 'formal' or 'informal ... [more ▼]

In the social sciences, the idea of an informal sector has been criticized more for the classification of economic activities in two separate sectors than for the labeling of them as 'formal' or 'informal'. In the Congo (formerly Zaire), the use of such labels is ambiguous. Labeling has to be understood in the context of corruption, i.e. in a transaction involving the personal networks and social identities of the parties in it. An analysis is made of how such transactions which civil servants shape the local market in the case of the import trade in Katanga. Compared to the formal/informal cleavage, this approach enables us both to see the labeling of economic activities as a social and political process and to draw attention to the plurality of such practices in relations with authorities. [less ▲]

Retour sur les dilatations-stenting des carotides

in Revue Médicale de Liège (2006), 61(10), 697-704

Recent publications about carotid-stenting are submitted to a critical analysis. The fact that an interventional approach in asymptomatic carotid lesions generates only marginal benefit being universally ... [more ▼]

Recent publications about carotid-stenting are submitted to a critical analysis. The fact that an interventional approach in asymptomatic carotid lesions generates only marginal benefit being universally admitted, it is disturbing to see that modern series devoted to carotid artery stenting include a lot of asymptomatic patients and many symptomatic patients with a degree of stenosis well below the optimal range defined in NASCET (70 to 99%). Moreover, the degree of stenosis is often calculated from an inappropriate method that overestimates the degree of stenosis. Two objections have been made about an "hyper-selection" of the patients enrolled in the NASCET study and the production of ideal not realistic results, not attainable in community hospitals; both objections have been overruled. The rate of acute perioperative myocardial infarction is mentioned, both in NASCET and ECST, it is around 0.9% vs 7.5% in SAPPHIRE study. Moreover, carotid artery stenting with an embolic protection device has resulted in the production of infra-clinical cerebral micro-infarcts in 40% of the patients. Significantly, the independent study EVA-3S, devoted to symptomatic patients had to be stopped because of the high cerebral morbidity in the dilatation-stenting group. Carotid artery stenting of asymptomatic lesions is futile (and potentially harmful because of microinfarcts) while carotid artery stenting of symptomatic lesions generate emboli. [less ▲]

Retours sur la posture

in COnTEXTES : Revue de Sociologie de la Littérature (2011), 8

Retracing the evolution of monometallic ruthenium-arene catalysts for C-C bond formation

in Dalton Transactions (2012), 41(31), 9257-9268

Preformed or in situ generated monometallic ruthenium-arene complexes with the generic formula RuX2(arene)(L) (L = phosphine or N-heterocyclic carbene) are versatile and efficient catalyst precursors for ... [more ▼]

Preformed or in situ generated monometallic ruthenium-arene complexes with the generic formula RuX2(arene)(L) (L = phosphine or N-heterocyclic carbene) are versatile and efficient catalyst precursors for olefin metathesis and atom transfer radical reactions. Their synthesis is usually accomplished using simple and straightforward experimental procedures starting from the [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 dimer. This article retraces their evolution over the past 20 years and highlights similarities and differences with the parallel development of well-defined RuX2(CHR)(L1)(L2) ruthenium-alkylidene catalysts. [less ▲]

Le retrait impossible

in CAVALLI, Stefano; FRAGNIERE, Jean-Pierre (Eds.) L’avenir. Attentes projets, (dés)illusions, ouvertures. Hommages à Christian Lalive d’Epinay (2003)

Dans une société d'activation, quelle place le retrait, si souvent analysé dans de nombreuses études sociologiques, peut-il encore prendre aujourd'hui ? Telle est la question soulevée dans ce chapitre ... [more ▼]

Dans une société d'activation, quelle place le retrait, si souvent analysé dans de nombreuses études sociologiques, peut-il encore prendre aujourd'hui ? Telle est la question soulevée dans ce chapitre répondant aux interpellations lancées par Christian Lalive d'Epinay. [less ▲]

La retraite anticipée des salariés en Belgique

in Revue Economique (2009)

Cet article propose une analyse de la cessation anticipée d’activité des salariés du secteur privé en Belgique. Contrairement aux études précédentes (Pestieau et Stijns [1999] et Dellis et al. [2004 ... [more ▼]

Cet article propose une analyse de la cessation anticipée d’activité des salariés du secteur privé en Belgique. Contrairement aux études précédentes (Pestieau et Stijns [1999] et Dellis et al. [2004]), notre étude se base sur un modèle structurel d’offre de travail. Ceci a l’avantage de pouvoir être utilisé afin de tester l’impact de réformes potentielles visant à augmenter l’activité des plus âgés. Nos résultats montrent qu’il y a une réelle préférence pour le loisir aux âges avancés mais que les incitants au départ anticipé contenus dans les systèmes de sécurité social jouent un rôle. En particulier, l’accès libre à différents régimes de revenus de remplacement à des âges relativement jeunes constitue un frein à la continuation de l’activité. [less ▲]

Retraite et vieillissement: quelle logique de protection?

in apRoberts, L.; Hugues, G.; Reynaud, E. (Eds.) Retraites Complémentaires. Acteurs, Enjeux et Perspectives (1994)

Retrato del autor como sujeto postmoderno y escritor autoficcional en 'Como me hice monja' de César Aira

in Anales de Literatura Hispanoamericana (2012), 41

Parecería que en buena parte de las autoficciones el autor no sólo construye una imagen de sí mismo como individuo sino que también ofrece materia para reflexionar sobre el estatuto del escritor como ... [more ▼]

Parecería que en buena parte de las autoficciones el autor no sólo construye una imagen de sí mismo como individuo sino que también ofrece materia para reflexionar sobre el estatuto del escritor como integrante de un grupo social y profesional. Incluso, en algunas novelas, el retrato del yo –protagonista, narrador y autor- está hecho a base de ingredientes que incluyen reminiscencias a la ‘categoría’ del escritor y del quehacer autoficcional tal y como lo presenta Alberca en su estudio. En esta contribución argumentaré que Cómo me hice monja (1993), la primera novela de autoficción de César Aira puede leerse de esta manera. [less ▲]

Retrieval and characterization of ozone profiles from solar infrared spectra at the Jungfraujoch

in Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres (2002), 107(D24),

[1] Vertical distributions of ozone from June 1996 to November 2000 have been retrieved from high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption spectra recorded at the primary Network for ... [more ▼]

[1] Vertical distributions of ozone from June 1996 to November 2000 have been retrieved from high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption spectra recorded at the primary Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change station of the Jungfraujoch in the Swiss Alps (46.5degreesN, 8degreesE, 3580 m above sea level (asl). The retrievals were performed using the Optimal Estimation Method (OEM), both in a narrow spectral interval (1002.567-1003.2 cm(-1)) and in a broad spectral interval (1000.0-1005.0 cm(-1)) in the O-3 9.6-mum band. A thorough characterization of the retrievals has been performed following the lines of OEM, including an information content analysis, a study of the correlations between retrieved instrumental parameters and retrieved ozone concentrations, and an evaluation of the O-3 profile error budget. It is demonstrated that the information content is significantly higher for spectra in the broad microwindow, resulting in higher vertical resolutions, on the order of 8 km, of the retrieved profiles extending up to 40 km, and less correlations between retrieved parameters. An independent statistical verification of the retrieval results and their characterization has been performed by comparison of the FTIR ozone profiles with independent measurements. These are the ozone profile measurements from balloon soundings at Payerne, from the microwave radiometer at Bern and the lidar at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), and the total column data from the Dobson spectrophotometer at Arosa. Applying the optimum retrieval procedure in the broad spectral interval, an excellent agreement has been found between the FTIR O-3 profile data and the correlative data. The largest offset of the FTIR data in comparison with the correlative data is found with respect to the lidar data in the 24- to 40-km layer, and is on the order of 5%. No systematic biases have been found in the troposphere, neither in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) up to 18 km. The dispersion of the relative differences between the data sets, if any, is never larger than half of the natural ozone variability. [less ▲]