Review of Frameworks: Contemporary Criticism on Janet Frame, ed. by Jan Cronin & Simone Drichel

in Journal of Postcolonial Writing (2011), 47(3), 362-363

Review of galloping control methods

in Electra (2000), 191

A review of anti-galloping control methods.

A review of gliptins in 2011.

in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy (2012), 13(1), 81-99

INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors offer new options for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). AREAS COVERED: This paper is an updated review, providing an analysis of both the ... [more ▼]

INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors offer new options for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). AREAS COVERED: This paper is an updated review, providing an analysis of both the similarities and the differences between the various compounds known as gliptins, currently used in the clinic (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin and linagliptin). This paper discusses the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of gliptins; both the efficacy and safety profiles of gliptins in clinical trials (compared with classical glucose-lowering agents), given as monotherapy or in combination, including in special populations; the positioning of DPP-4 inhibitors in the management of T2DM in recent guidelines; and various unanswered questions and perspectives. EXPERT OPINION: The role of DPP-4 inhibitors in the therapeutic armamentarium of T2DM is evolving, as their potential strengths and weaknesses become better defined. Future critical issues may include the durability of glucose control, resulting from better beta-cell protection, positive effects on cardiovascular outcomes and long-term safety issues. [less ▲]

Review of hot shortness problems in copper-containing steel

in ATB Metallurgie (1983), 23(3), 7-1-724

The problem of hot shortness is first briefly discussed in terms of the recycling of scraps and the occurrence of various residual elements in steel. The phenomenon is then defined and described as a ... [more ▼]

The problem of hot shortness is first briefly discussed in terms of the recycling of scraps and the occurrence of various residual elements in steel. The phenomenon is then defined and described as a function of the factors influencing its different stages : copper solubility in austenite, copper phase melting point, wettability of the liquid copper rich phase, oxidation, furnace atmosphere, occlusion and diffusion. The effect on these phenomena of other residual or alloying elements is discussed. The paper concludes with the different ways to minimize the hot shortness problems and with hints on the more efficient use of copper containing scraps. [less ▲]

Review of J. Mac Gaffey and R. Bazenguissa-Ganga, Congo-Paris

in Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines (2005), XLV (1)(177), 257-303

Review of James Procter's Dwelling Places: Postwar Black British Writing

in Moving Worlds : A Journal of Transcultural Writings (2003), 3(2), 138-139

A Review of Known and Hypothetical Transmission Routes for Noroviruses

in Food and Environmental Virology (2012), 4(4), 131-152

Human noroviruses (NoVs) are considered a worldwide leading cause of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Due to a combination of prolonged shedding of high virus levels in feces, virus particle shedding ... [more ▼]

Human noroviruses (NoVs) are considered a worldwide leading cause of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Due to a combination of prolonged shedding of high virus levels in feces, virus particle shedding during asymptomatic infections, and a high environmental persistence, NoVs are easily transmitted pathogens. Norovirus (NoV) outbreaks have often been reported and tend to affect a lot of people. NoV is spread via feces and vomit, but this NoV spread can occur through several transmission routes. While person-to-person transmission is without a doubt the dominant transmission route, human infective NoV outbreaks are often initiated by contaminated food or water. Zoonotic transmission of NoV has been investigated, but has thus far not been demonstrated. The presented review aims to give an overview of these NoV transmission routes. Regarding NoV person-to-person transmission, the NoV GII. 4 genotype is discussed in the current review as it has been very successful for several decades but reasons for its success have only recently been suggested. Both pre-harvest and post-harvest contamination of food products can lead to NoV food borne illness. Pre-harvest contamination of food products mainly occurs via contact with polluted irrigation water in case of fresh produce or with contaminated harvesting water in case of bivalve molluscan shellfish. On the other hand, an infected food handler is considered as a major cause of post-harvest contamination of food products. Both transmission routes are reviewed by a summary of described NoV food borne outbreaks between 2000 and 2010. A third NoV transmission route occurs via water and the spread of NoV via river water, ground water, and surface water is reviewed. Finally, although zoonotic transmission remains hypothetical, a summary on the bovine and porcine NoV presence observed in animals is given and the presence of human infective NoV in animals is discussed. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York. [less ▲]

Review of Lawrence Phillips's The Swarming Streets: Twentieth-Century Literary Representations of London and John McLeod's Postcolonial London: Rewriting the Metropolis

in European Journal of English Studies (2005), 9(3), 327-329

Review of M-I coupling and auroral emissions at the outer planets

Conference (2012, March 09)

The bulk morphology of Jupiter's and Saturn's UV aurorae is conveniently divided into three components: 1) the main emission (main oval), 2) the satellites auroral footprints (equatorward of the main ... [more ▼]

The bulk morphology of Jupiter's and Saturn's UV aurorae is conveniently divided into three components: 1) the main emission (main oval), 2) the satellites auroral footprints (equatorward of the main emission): Io, Europa and Ganymede for Jupiter and Enceladus for Saturn, 3) the polar emissions (poleward of the main emission).This schematic view is already providing useful information on the giant planets aurorae. However, a quick inspection of HST and Cassini UV images directly shows that this simplified classification does not really match the complex morphology of the auroral emissions. As an example, in the case of Jupiter's UV aurorae, it appears that the main emission is not forming an oval, not even a closed shape; it is far from uniform and its position and size vary with time and depend on the viewing geometry. A secondary emission appears equatorward of the main emission and many small scale features regularly appear, some of them periodically. Satellites auroral footprints themselves appear to be much more intricate than predicted by present models. These footprints are actually multiple, their location and number vary periodically with time and with the satellites orbital longitude. The polar emissions are also much more complicated than predicted. Each of the above effects is related to a specific physical phenomenon in the atmosphere, the magnetosphere, or even in the planet's interior. For instance, the spatial distribution of the satellites auroral footprints made it possible to demonstrate the existence of a magnetic field anomaly near the surface of Jupiter's northern hemisphere. Observations which might appear insignificant, like the multiplicity of the satellites footprints or their periodicity are actually extremely valuable because they reveal the complexity of the interaction, in this case between a moon and the magnetospheric plasma of the planet around which it is orbiting. The same applies to small scale auroral structures which depict crucial magnetospheric processes like hot plasma injection, flux-tube interchange or magnetic reconnection mechanisms. The growing HST and Cassini databases are shedding new light on the origin of Jupiter's and Saturn's aurorae. Mechanisms that we thought could be taken for granted may even be challenged. [less ▲]

Review of Nels Pearson and Marc Singer (eds.) Detective Fiction in a Postcolonial and Transnational World (Farnham: Ashgate, 2010)

in Postcolonial Text (2009), 5(4),