Rétention gazeuse dans une colonne à bulles contenant un liquide visqueux non-newtonien

in Tribune de l'Eau (La) (2003), 56(622), 15-20

Retention of immune complexes by murine lymph node or spleen follicular dendritic cells. Role of antibody isotype.

in Scandinavian Journal of Immunology (1986), 24(3), 327-34

Using monoclonal anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) antibodies complexed to TNP-myoglobin-coated gold particles, we analysed at the ultrastructural level the retention by follicular dendritic cells (FDC) of immune ... [more ▼]

Using monoclonal anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) antibodies complexed to TNP-myoglobin-coated gold particles, we analysed at the ultrastructural level the retention by follicular dendritic cells (FDC) of immune complexes containing various antibody isotypes. Gold-labelled immune complexes were injected subcutaneously or intravenously into naive mice and, after 24 h, germinal centres of draining lymph nodes or spleen were examined by electron microscopy. FDC generally retained complexes containing IgG2a and IgG2b better than those formed with IgG1 or IgG3. IgM was rarely retained. FDC isolated from lymph nodes or spleens were incubated in vitro with gold-labelled complexes in a serum-free medium. IgG2a and IgG2b complexes were also retained in vitro in large quantities by FDC; IgG1 and IgG3 complexes were retained in smaller quantities or in highly variable quantities compared with IgG2; IgM complexes were rarely seen on FDC. There was no difference between FDC isolated from lymph nodes or from spleen with respect to the Ig isotypes required for Fc-mediated retention of immune complexes. [less ▲]

Rethinking Flexicurity at the Level of Work Situations

in Madsen, P. K.; Jorgensen, H. (Eds.) Flexicurity and Beyond. Finding a New Agenda for the European Social Model (2007)

Proposes new landmarks for balancing flexibility and security requirements in a context of interorganizational parnerships

Rethinking Regulatory Capture

in Harrington, Joseph; Katsoulacos, Yannis (Eds.) Recent Advances in the Analysis of Competition Policy and Regulation (2012)

Conventional capture models rely on the idea that regulator is induced to lenient behavior by the regulated firm through offers of monetary transfers, the bribery model, or future employment, the ... [more ▼]

Conventional capture models rely on the idea that regulator is induced to lenient behavior by the regulated firm through offers of monetary transfers, the bribery model, or future employment, the revolving doors model. To avoid socially costly capture, the political principal should then either implement collusion-proof mechanisms through the delegation of welfare gains, or severely restrict the career paths of regulatory staff. The paradox of capture is that neither the two modes of capture, nor the remedy are commonly found in practice. This paper proposes to rethink capture based on the widespread use of industry-commissioned consultants, experts and lobbyists that produce information for regulatory and policy use. A small model (Agrell and Gautier, 2010) introduces a 'soft capture' concept based on a self-enforced collusion between the firm and regulator, linked to the role of the regulator as information-processing intermediate for the political principal. The firm puts processed but biased information at the free disposal of the regulator, 'no strings attached', who can then either use the submitted information or produce a more accurate information by a costly process. Under a set of mild conditions, the equilibrium involves soft capture and the regulator uses the submitted information, leading to some distortions in welfare. A case study of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in USA serves to motivate and illustrate the model. As shown by the case, the soft capture model may have a stronger positive potential than the conventional models, also implying that policy advice based on it may be valuable. [less ▲]

Les réticences à la vaccination : approche du phénomène à travers les données de la littérature

in Revue Médicale de Liège (2013), 68(2), 74-78

Although it exists since vaccination appeared, reticence towards vaccination seems to be increasing. Through a literature review, this article first analyses the reasons for this reticence. The decline of ... [more ▼]

Although it exists since vaccination appeared, reticence towards vaccination seems to be increasing. Through a literature review, this article first analyses the reasons for this reticence. The decline of infectious diseases leads to greater attention to side effects of vaccines; on the other hand, the social evolution leads patients to search for zero risk in different aspects of life. Suspiciousness towards the State and the influence of media emphasizing potential deleterious effects of each vaccine are additional phenomena explaining people’s hesitations. Anti-vaccination movements using Internet to disseminate their ideas are also responsible. Secondly, the article aims at assessing the public opinion about vaccination. It is still predominantly positive, even if questions remain. A typology of four patients’ profiles based on statistical results is proposed. Finally, after having examined the medical doctors’ opinion concerning vaccination, this article ends with some pieces of advice on how to deal with vaccination in the patientdoctor relationship. [less ▲]

Reticulocyte transferrin receptor (TfR) expression and contribution to soluble TfR levels.

in Haematologica (2001), 86(3), 244-51

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transferrin receptor (TfR) expression in erythroid cells is regulated by a number of factors, including iron status and erythropoietin (Epo) stimulation. However, the impact of ... [more ▼]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transferrin receptor (TfR) expression in erythroid cells is regulated by a number of factors, including iron status and erythropoietin (Epo) stimulation. However, the impact of these factors on reticulocyte TfR expression in vivo has never been studied. A soluble form of TfR (sTfR) is present in serum in proportion to the mass of cellular TfR. Although sTfR shedding by reticulocytes and erythroblasts has been demonstrated in vitro, the contribution of reticulocyte TfR to serum sTfR has never been evaluated in vivo. DESIGN AND METHODS: We measured directly the total number of reticulocyte TfR in normal rats of different age and iron status, as well as in animals experiencing various conditions and treatments aimed at altering erythropoietic activity and iron status, including rHuEpo therapy, hemolytic anemia, phlebotomies, hypertransfusions, thiamphenicol-induced red cell aplasia or inflammation. In addition, we examined the impact of repeated hypertransfusions with normal, reticulocyte-poor and reticulocyte-rich blood on serum sTfR levels. RESULTS: The number of TfR molecules per reticulocyte was around 50,000 in young rats but was around 100,000 in older animals. These values remained constant in most conditions and in particular were not influenced by iron supplementation or iron overload. However, functional iron deficiency as well as rHuEpo therapy resulted in increased reticulocyte TfR expression. In addition, TfR numbers in reticulocytes were elevated in the early phase of recovery after acute hemolysis or red cell aplasia but normalized soon after. Hypertransfusion experiments clearly demonstrated that reticulocytes can contribute substantially to sTfR levels in vivo. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: TfR numbers are regulated in vivo by the same factors as in vitro, in particular iron deficiency and erythropoietin stimulation. Circulating reticulocytes contribute significantly to serum sTfR levels. [less ▲]

Retinal Sensibility

in Art Même : Chronique des Arts Plastiques de la Communauté française de Belgique (2010)

Retinoic Acid Induces Three Newly Cloned Hoxa1 Transcripts in Mcf7 Breast Cancer Cells

in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (1995), 215(2), 713-20

Coordinated expression of genes involved in development, differentiation and malignant transformation is regulated by transcription factors including homeodomain-containing proteins. However, most of ... [more ▼]

Coordinated expression of genes involved in development, differentiation and malignant transformation is regulated by transcription factors including homeodomain-containing proteins. However, most of their cDNA sequences are still unknown. We report here the molecular characterization of three newly cloned HOXA1 transcripts from human breast cancer cells. In addition, we provide evidence that these alternatively spliced transcripts encode one homeodomain-containing protein and two products lacking the conserved DNA-binding domain. Moreover, we demonstrate that all three HOXA1 transcripts are induced by retinoic acid in MCF7 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that HOXA1 gene may be a key element in the establishment of the breast cancer cell phenotype. [less ▲]

Retinoic acid receptors recognise the mouse genome through binding elements with diverse spacing and topology

in Journal of Biological Chemistry (2012)

Retinoic Acid Receptors (RARs) heterodimerise with Retinoid X Receptors (RXRs) and bind to RA-response elements (RAREs) in the regulatory regions of their target genes. While previous studies on limited ... [more ▼]

Retinoic Acid Receptors (RARs) heterodimerise with Retinoid X Receptors (RXRs) and bind to RA-response elements (RAREs) in the regulatory regions of their target genes. While previous studies on limited sets of RA-regulated genes have defined canonical RAREs as direct repeats of the consensus RGKTCA separated by 1, 2 or 5 nucleotides (DR1, DR2, DR5), we show that in mouse embryoid bodies or F9 embryonal carcinoma cells, RARs occupy a large repertoire of sites with DR0, DR8 and IR0 (inverted repeat 0) elements. Recombinant RAR-RXR binds these non-canonical spacings in vitro with comparable affinities to DR2 and DR5. Most DR8 elements comprise three half sites with DR2 and DR0 spacings. This specific half site organisation constitutes a previously unrecognised, but frequent signature of RAR binding elements. In functional assays, DR8 and IR0 elements act as independent RAREs, while DR0 does not. Our results reveal an unexpected diversity in the spacing and topology of binding elements for the RAR-RXR heterodimer. The differential ability of RAR-RXR bound to DR0 compared to DR2, DR5 and DR8 to mediate RA-dependent transcriptional activation indicates that half site spacing allosterically regulates RAR function. [less ▲]

Rétinoïdes et leucémie aigue promyelocytaire. Une révolution thérapeutique

in Revue Médicale de Liège (1996), 51(3), 217-23