La retraite anticipée des salariés en Belgique

in Revue Economique (2009)

Cet article propose une analyse de la cessation anticipée d’activité des salariés du secteur privé en Belgique. Contrairement aux études précédentes (Pestieau et Stijns [1999] et Dellis et al. [2004 ... [more ▼]

Cet article propose une analyse de la cessation anticipée d’activité des salariés du secteur privé en Belgique. Contrairement aux études précédentes (Pestieau et Stijns [1999] et Dellis et al. [2004]), notre étude se base sur un modèle structurel d’offre de travail. Ceci a l’avantage de pouvoir être utilisé afin de tester l’impact de réformes potentielles visant à augmenter l’activité des plus âgés. Nos résultats montrent qu’il y a une réelle préférence pour le loisir aux âges avancés mais que les incitants au départ anticipé contenus dans les systèmes de sécurité social jouent un rôle. En particulier, l’accès libre à différents régimes de revenus de remplacement à des âges relativement jeunes constitue un frein à la continuation de l’activité. [less ▲]

Retraite et vieillissement: quelle logique de protection?

in apRoberts, L.; Hugues, G.; Reynaud, E. (Eds.) Retraites Complémentaires. Acteurs, Enjeux et Perspectives (1994)

Retrato del autor como sujeto postmoderno y escritor autoficcional en 'Como me hice monja' de César Aira

in Anales de Literatura Hispanoamericana (2012), 41

Parecería que en buena parte de las autoficciones el autor no sólo construye una imagen de sí mismo como individuo sino que también ofrece materia para reflexionar sobre el estatuto del escritor como ... [more ▼]

Parecería que en buena parte de las autoficciones el autor no sólo construye una imagen de sí mismo como individuo sino que también ofrece materia para reflexionar sobre el estatuto del escritor como integrante de un grupo social y profesional. Incluso, en algunas novelas, el retrato del yo –protagonista, narrador y autor- está hecho a base de ingredientes que incluyen reminiscencias a la ‘categoría’ del escritor y del quehacer autoficcional tal y como lo presenta Alberca en su estudio. En esta contribución argumentaré que Cómo me hice monja (1993), la primera novela de autoficción de César Aira puede leerse de esta manera. [less ▲]

Retrieval and characterization of ozone profiles from solar infrared spectra at the Jungfraujoch

in Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres (2002), 107(D24),

[1] Vertical distributions of ozone from June 1996 to November 2000 have been retrieved from high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption spectra recorded at the primary Network for ... [more ▼]

[1] Vertical distributions of ozone from June 1996 to November 2000 have been retrieved from high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption spectra recorded at the primary Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change station of the Jungfraujoch in the Swiss Alps (46.5degreesN, 8degreesE, 3580 m above sea level (asl). The retrievals were performed using the Optimal Estimation Method (OEM), both in a narrow spectral interval (1002.567-1003.2 cm(-1)) and in a broad spectral interval (1000.0-1005.0 cm(-1)) in the O-3 9.6-mum band. A thorough characterization of the retrievals has been performed following the lines of OEM, including an information content analysis, a study of the correlations between retrieved instrumental parameters and retrieved ozone concentrations, and an evaluation of the O-3 profile error budget. It is demonstrated that the information content is significantly higher for spectra in the broad microwindow, resulting in higher vertical resolutions, on the order of 8 km, of the retrieved profiles extending up to 40 km, and less correlations between retrieved parameters. An independent statistical verification of the retrieval results and their characterization has been performed by comparison of the FTIR ozone profiles with independent measurements. These are the ozone profile measurements from balloon soundings at Payerne, from the microwave radiometer at Bern and the lidar at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), and the total column data from the Dobson spectrophotometer at Arosa. Applying the optimum retrieval procedure in the broad spectral interval, an excellent agreement has been found between the FTIR O-3 profile data and the correlative data. The largest offset of the FTIR data in comparison with the correlative data is found with respect to the lidar data in the 24- to 40-km layer, and is on the order of 5%. No systematic biases have been found in the troposphere, neither in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) up to 18 km. The dispersion of the relative differences between the data sets, if any, is never larger than half of the natural ozone variability. [less ▲]

Retrieval induced forgetting in normal aging

in Journal of Neuropsychology (2008), 2

The retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) paradigm was used to assess the integrity of unintentional inhibitory functioning in normal aging. The paradigm was adapted to explore the RIF effect under ... [more ▼]

The retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) paradigm was used to assess the integrity of unintentional inhibitory functioning in normal aging. The paradigm was adapted to explore the RIF effect under conditions that allow us to differentiate the contribution of intentional and automatic retrieval processes to performance. The results showed the presence of equivalent and significant RIF effects in young and older adults, for both the controlled and automatic retrieval performance. These results suggest that unintentional inhibitory processes are spared in normal aging, and confirm that RIF effect is independent of the kind of memory processes needed to perform the task. [less ▲]

Retrieval-induced forgetting in normal aging

Poster (2004, May 05)

Retrievals of ethane from ground-based high-resolution FTIR solar observations with updated line parameters: determination of the optimum strategy for the Jungfraujoch station.

Poster (2012, August)

Ethane (C2H6) is the most abundant Non-Methane HydroCarbon (NMHC) in the Earth’s atmosphere, with a lifetime of approximately 2 months. C2H6 has both anthropogenic and natural emission sources such as ... [more ▼]

Ethane (C2H6) is the most abundant Non-Methane HydroCarbon (NMHC) in the Earth’s atmosphere, with a lifetime of approximately 2 months. C2H6 has both anthropogenic and natural emission sources such as biomass burning, natural gas loss and biofuel consumption. The retrieval of ethane from ground-based infrared spectra is challenging. Indeed, ethane has a complicated spectrum with many interacting vibrational modes and the current state of ethane parameters in HITRAN (see http://www.hitran.com) was rather unsatisfactory in the 3 μm region. In fact, PQ branches outside the 2973–3001 cm-1 range are not included in HITRAN, and most P and R structures are missing. New ethane absorption cross sections recorded at the Molecular Spectroscopy Facility of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Harrison et al., 2010) are used in our retrievals. Pseudoline parameters fitted to these ethane spectra have been combined with HITRAN 2004 line parameters (including all the 2006 updates) for all other species encompassed in the selected microwindows. We evaluated the impact on spectral residuals induced by the update of two O3 lines (encompassed in the PQ3 µ-window) corrected by P. Chelin (LPMA, Paris, France). We also quantified the improvement brought by the update of the line positions and intensities of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) in the 3.4 µm region (Bray et al., 2011). The ethane a priori volume mixing ratio (VMR) profile and associated covariance are based on synthetic data from CHASER 3-D chemical transport model (CTM). In this contribution, we will present updated ethane (total) column retrievals, using the SFIT-2 algorithm (v3.91) and high-resolution Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) solar absorption observations recorded with a Bruker 120HR instrument, at the high altitude research station of the Jungfraujoch (46.5°N, 8°E, 3580 m asl), within the framework of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC, visit http://www.ndacc.org). Comparisons with synthetic data produced by two chemical transport models (CHASER and the one of the University of Oslo) will also be presented and analyzed, aiming at the determination and interpretation of long-term trends and interannual variations of ethane at Northern mid-latitudes. [less ▲]

Retrievals of ethane from ground-based high-resolution FTIR solar observations with updated line parameters: determination of the optimum strategy for the Jungfraujoch station.

in Geophysical Research Abstracts (2012), 14(EGU2012-9126),

Ethane (C2H6) is the most abundant Non-Methane HydroCarbon (NMHC) in the Earth’s atmosphere, with a lifetime of approximately 2 months. C2H6 has both anthropogenic and natural emission sources such as ... [more ▼]

Ethane (C2H6) is the most abundant Non-Methane HydroCarbon (NMHC) in the Earth’s atmosphere, with a lifetime of approximately 2 months. C2H6 has both anthropogenic and natural emission sources such as biomass burning, natural gas loss and biofuel consumption. Oxidation by the hydroxyl radical is by far the major C2H6 sink as the seasonally changing OH concentration controls the strong modulation of the ethane abundance throughout the year. Ethane lowers Cl atom concentrations in the lower stratosphere and is a major source of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and carbon monoxide (by reaction with OH). Involved in the formation of tropospheric ozone and in the destruction of atmospheric methane through changes in OH, C2H6 is a non-direct greenhouse gas with a net-global warming potential (100-yr horizon) of 5.5. The retrieval of ethane from ground-based infrared (IR) spectra is challenging. Indeed, the fitting of the ethane features is complicated by numerous interferences by strong water vapor, ozone and methane absorptions. Moreover, ethane has a complicated spectrum with many interacting vibrational modes and the current state of ethane parameters in HITRAN (e.g. : Rothman et al., 2009, see http://www.hitran.com) was rather unsatisfactory in the 3 µm region. In fact, PQ branches outside the 2973–3001 cm-1 range are not included in HITRAN, and most P and R structures are missing. New ethane absorption cross sections recorded at the Molecular Spectroscopy Facility of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Harrison et al., 2010) are used in our retrievals. They were calibrated in intensity by using reference low-resolution spectra from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) IR database. Pseudoline parameters fitted to these ethane spectra have been combined with HITRAN 2004 line parameters (including all the 2006 updates) for all other species encompassed in the selected microwindows. Also, the improvement brought by the update of the line positions and intensities of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) in the 3.4 m region (Bray et al., 2011) will be quantified. The ethane a priori volume mixing ratio (VMR) profile and associated covariance are based on synthetic data from the chemical transport model (CTM) of the University of Oslo. In this contribution, we will present updated ethane total and tropospheric column retrievals, using the SFIT-2 algorithm (v3.91) and high-resolution Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) solar absorption observations recorded with a Bruker 120HR instrument, at the high altitude research station of the Jungfraujoch (46.5°N, 8°E, 3580 m asl), within the framework of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC, visit http://www.ndacc.org). We will characterize three microwindows encompassing the strongest ethane features after careful selection of a priori VMR profiles, spectroscopic parameters, accounting at best for all interfering species. We will then present the retrieval strategy representative of the best combination of those three characterized micro-windows in order to minimize the fitting residuals while maximizing the information content, the precision and the reliability of the retrieved product. The long-term C2H6 column time series will be produced using the Jungfraujoch observational database. Comparisons with synthetic data produced by two chemical transport model (CHASER and the one of the University of Oslo) will also be presented and analyzed, aiming at the determination and interpretation of long-term trends and interannual variations of ethane at Northern mid-latitudes. [less ▲]

Retrievals of HCN from high-resolution FTIR solar spectra recorded at the Jungfraujoch station

in Geophysical Research Abstracts (2007, April)

Recent investigations have resulted in the revision of the lifetime of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from 2.5 years to 2-5 months, more in line with its important and well documented variability in the ... [more ▼]

Recent investigations have resulted in the revision of the lifetime of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from 2.5 years to 2-5 months, more in line with its important and well documented variability in the troposphere. The main HCN source is believed to be biomass burning, making this species a useful tracer of fires, e.g. the widespread and intense 2004 boreal fires. Oxidation by the OH radical is among the identified sinks, while uptake by oceans has been hypothesized as the dominant sink. As shown by previous investigations, several lines from the nu3 fundamental HCN band at 3 μm can be used to retrieve information on vertical distribution of hydrogen cyanide from high-resolution FTIR solar absorption spectra. The major interfering gas in this region is water vapor. A series of typical observations recorded at the Jungfraujoch station (46.5ºN, 8.0ºE, 3580m asl, Swiss Alps) by the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change)-affiliated Bruker instrument have been fitted using various approaches to determine the optimum strategy to be used for HCN retrievals at that site, even under very wet conditions. The selected approach is made of 7 windows encompassing 5 HCN lines. The a priori information (HCN vertical distribution and covariance matrix) is based on ACE-FTS measurements performed over northern midlatitudes. The HITRAN-2004 spectroscopic line parameters including the August 2006 updates for water vapor have been adopted in the retrievals performed with the OEM-SFIT-2 (v3.91) algorithm. This contribution will give a full description of the adopted retrieval approach, including error budget and information content analysis. Tropospheric column time series of HCN from 1994 onwards will also be presented and discussed. [less ▲]

Retrieving episodic memories when recognizing familiar faces and names.

in N. Taatgen, & H. van Rijn (Eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (2009)

This study was aimed at investigating whether the recognition of familiar faces is more likely to be associated with an experience of Remembering than the recognition of familiar names. Using the Remember ... [more ▼]

This study was aimed at investigating whether the recognition of familiar faces is more likely to be associated with an experience of Remembering than the recognition of familiar names. Using the Remember/Know paradigm the proportions of episodic memories recalled following the recognition of famous faces and names (Conditions) were assessed. Presented faces and names were previously judged by an independent group of participants as eliciting an equivalent level of familiarity. Nevertheless significant differences between the two conditions appeared in hit and false alarm rates. However, present results showed no significant difference in the recollection of personal memories (Remember responses conditionalized on the hits), following familiar faces compared with familiar names recognition. This finding contrasts with recent accounts assuming that faces are more prone to yield episodic memories than other cues to person identity. These results and their implications for current Interactive Activation and Competition person recognition models are discussed. [less ▲]