Réponses de Cedrus atlantica aux changements climatiques passés et futurs

in Geo-Eco-Trop : Revue Internationale de Géologie, de Géographie et d'Ecologie Tropicales (2007)

This work addresses the responses of the Atlas Mountain Cedar tree (Cedrus atlantica Manetti) when faced with past and future climactic changes. The ecological study of this species proposes three ... [more ▼]

This work addresses the responses of the Atlas Mountain Cedar tree (Cedrus atlantica Manetti) when faced with past and future climactic changes. The ecological study of this species proposes three simulations based on reliable and precise data: - Simulation in 6000 B.P. with the GCM UBRIS-HadCM3M2 climatic data - Simulation in the year 2000 with NEW et al. climactic data (2002) - Simulation in the year 2100 with the ARPEGE Climactic Model data - following the IPCC's scenario A2 These simulations were realized using the CARAIB model, which simulates Carbon stocks in vegetation and Carbon flux between vegetation, soil and atmosphere. In part one, the Moroccan Atlas Mountains, which constitute the principal natural area of the Atlas Cedar tree are described in detail. The different data describing this species' distribution at three periods are summarized: 1) at the present time, 2) at Holocene period and 3) at the end of the Upper Pleniglacial period . The distribution of the species is specified. A map of the Cedar tree's actual distribution in Morocco was drawn from a series of population maps - scale 1/25,000- kept at the Moroccan Ministry of Forestry and Water conservation. So as to improve the sequential study of fossils of Cedar pollen was defined the percentage threshold at which samples containing pollen from the Cedrus atlantica are described as autochtonous or allochthonous. The study of 514 samples of Moroccan Cedar pollen permittted to define this threshold as 1% with minimal risk of error. The last part of the work is focused on modelling. It starts with a description of IBM and CARAIB models used in the three simulations. The data essential for these models are reviewed. Considering the climactic data for these three periods, climate is globally warmer in 6000 BP and in 2100 than today, with the problems of drought becoming more severe in the future. The analysis of the three simulations brings us to two conclusions. Cedrus antlantica is sensitive to climactic change and shows that, at three different periods, its potential distribution areas are quite different. At 6000 BP, the species sought refuge in the high mountains of North Africa. Today's distribution is well simulated in our model. Its good survival in Europe makes it an interesting species for reforestation. In 2100, if IPCC's A2 scenario is validated, modifications in the Cedar's potential and real area of distribution will be considerable. The tree will find little refuge in North Africa. On the other hand, the climate of the land between the Northern Alps and the South of Sweden, associated with a strong concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere may well provide it with an acceptable environment. [less ▲]

Réponses du Martin-pêcheur huppé Alcedo cristata à la perturbation de ses sites de nidification

in Malimbus (2012), 34

From 2004 to 2009, two colonies of Malachite Kingfisher were monitored by ringing the nestlings and adults, counting eggs and observing parental activity at the nests. Results show that 10 % of nests were ... [more ▼]

From 2004 to 2009, two colonies of Malachite Kingfisher were monitored by ringing the nestlings and adults, counting eggs and observing parental activity at the nests. Results show that 10 % of nests were destroyed by people in the Symphonies site as against 78 % in the Monastery site. Consequently, the number of nests available for breeding is lower at Monastery than at Symphonies. The number of fledged chicks per nest at Symphonies was twice that at the Monastery. Site fidelity is higher for the adults in the Symphonies site (26 %) than at the Monastery (11 %). This suggests that the Monastery site is less favourable to the survival of the Malachite Kingfisher than the Symphonies site. The best strategy to protect this species seems to be the maintenance of a good number of nesting sites. [less ▲]

Les réponses impulsionnelles directionnelles: évaluation et application dans le cadre de l'acoustique des salles

Conference (2007)

Réponses « prémotrices » du muscle premier interosseux dorsal de la main

in XVIIèmes Journées Francophones d'Electroneuromyographie (2010, June 11)

Introduction – Lors de l’enregistrement du potentiel global d’action musculaire (PGAM) au niveau du muscle premier interosseux dorsal de la main (PID) après stimulation du nerf ulnaire au poignet, il est ... [more ▼]

Introduction – Lors de l’enregistrement du potentiel global d’action musculaire (PGAM) au niveau du muscle premier interosseux dorsal de la main (PID) après stimulation du nerf ulnaire au poignet, il est habituel d’observer un pic positif initial (pour une amplification d’environ 1 mV par division). Objectif – Déterminer l’origine de cette déflection positive précédant le PAGM du PID lors de la stimulation du nerf ulnaire au poignet. S’agit-il d’une réponse motrice générée au voisinage de l’électrode de détection active (champ proche) ? La positivité signifiant que les plaques motrices, où est générée cette réponse, ne sont pas exactement sous l’électrode active. S’agit-il, au contraire, de la captation d’une activité générée nettement à distance du système de détection (champ lointain) ? La positivité étant alors liée à l’orientation d’un dipôle électrique par rapport au système de détection. Sujets et méthodes - Dix patients successifs, indemnes d’atteinte du nerf ulnaire, sont étudiés. Une électrode active (G1) est placée sur le PID, au sommet de la saillie musculaire provoquée par le rapprochement actif du pouce et de l’index. L’électrode de référence (G2) est placée successivement sur le pouce, l’index, l’auriculaire, l’os trapèze au poignet et sur le membre controlatéral. Une stimulation électrique percutanée est appliquée au nerf ulnaire au poignet. Le muscle abducteur du Vème doigt (AB5) est également étudié (G1 au milieu de l’éminence hypothénar et G2 sur l’auriculaire). Résultats – Le pic positif précédant le PAGM du PID est en moyenne plus ample lorsque l’électrode de référence est placée sur l’index. Le PAGM du PID débute systématiquement par une déflection négative lorsque l’électrode de référence est placée sur l’os trapèze au poignet ou sur le membre controlatéral. L’absence de positivité initiale est associée à un raccourcissement de la latence distale motrice. Lorsque le gain des réponses motrices du PID et de l’AB5 est fixé à 0,1 ou 0,2 mV/division, quel que soit le muscle étudié et quel que soit le montage G1/G2 utilisé, toutes les déflections initiales (positives ou négatives) présentent une latence identique ou presque. Discussion – La déflection positive initiale qui précède le PAGM du PID, lorsque G2 est distale par rapport à la cathode, reflète l’activité générée au niveau des autres muscles innervés par le nerf ulnaire et notamment l’AB5. L’absence de cette positivité, lorsque G2 est proximale à la cathode ou sur le membre controlatéral, est liée à une inversion de polarité de la déflection initiale. Il en résulte, une réduction artificielle de la latence distale motrice. Ce type de référence doit donc être évité dans nos examens de routine. Conclusion – Ce travail souligne d’une part, l’importance de G2 dans l’enregistrement d’un PAGM et d’autre part, que les enregistrements de surface peuvent être influencés par la contraction de muscles situés à distance du couple G1/G2, même si un seul nerf est activé par la stimulation électrique percutanée. [less ▲]

LE REPORT D’ASSIETTES NEGATIVES DANS L’IMPOT ESPAGNOL SUR LES SOCIETES (Considérations suite à la réforme introduite en France par la Loi 2003-1311)

in Cronica tributaria - 2005/117, Instituto de estudios fiscales (2005)

Report from Belgium

in Doomernik, Jeroen; Jandl, Michael (Eds.) Modes of Migration Regulation and Control in Europe (2008)

Report of a case of Streptococcus agalactiae mycotic aneurysm and review of the literature.

in International Journal of Surgical Pathology (2008), 16(3), 314-9

A unique case of mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta caused by Streptococcus agalactiae in an afebrile patient presenting with abdominal pain is described. Although this bacterium is associated with a ... [more ▼]

A unique case of mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta caused by Streptococcus agalactiae in an afebrile patient presenting with abdominal pain is described. Although this bacterium is associated with a variety of infections in human beings, aortitis is uncommon. Chronic alcoholism and diabetes mellitus are the 2 major predisposing conditions for group B Streptococci infection and both were present in this case. The abdominal pain and elevated inflammatory markers in the absence of fever were elusive in presentation; however, the diagnosis of mycotic aneurysm was established by abdominal computed tomography scan. The patient was treated successfully by resection of the diseased aorta and aortic allograft replacement. Culture of the excised tissue grew Streptococcus agalactiae sensitive to penicillin G and (other commonly tested antibiotics) fluoroquinolones. A prolonged course of moxifloxacin (for 6 months) was administered due to the persistence of elevated inflammatory markers and was remarkably well tolerated. Sixteen months after stopping the antibiotics, the patient is doing well, and the control imaging studies are satisfactory. [less ▲]

Report of an incident during the use of the Servo-ventilator 900 in paediatric anesthesia.

in Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica (1977), 28(3), 199-207

The authors report the occurrence of an incident during the use of the Servo-ventilator 900 for paediatric anesthesia; it consisted in self-oscillation of the gas column contained in the patient ... [more ▼]

The authors report the occurrence of an incident during the use of the Servo-ventilator 900 for paediatric anesthesia; it consisted in self-oscillation of the gas column contained in the patient respiratory circuit. After having analysed the incident and outlined the various ways of avoiding it, attention is drawn to the importance of the total circuit volume of the respirator. The respiratory circuit chosen for ventilating children, has a compliance of 1.3 ml/cm H2O. [less ▲]

Report of the 3rd Havemeyer workshop on allergic diseases of the Horse, Holar, Iceland, June 2007

in Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology (2008), 126(3-4), 351-361

Allergic diseases occur in most mammals, although some species such as humans, dogs and horses seem to be more prone to develop allergies than others. In horses, insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH), an ... [more ▼]

Allergic diseases occur in most mammals, although some species such as humans, dogs and horses seem to be more prone to develop allergies than others. In horses, insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH), an allergic dermatitis caused by bites of midges, and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), a hyperreactivity to stable born dust and allergens, are the two most prevalent allergic diseases. Allergic diseases involve the interaction of three major factors: (i) genetic constitution, (ii) exposure to allergens, and (iii) a dysregulation of the immune response determined by (i) and (ii). However, other environmental factors such as infectious diseases, contact with endotoxin and degree of infestation with endoparasites have been shown to influence the prevalence of allergic diseases in humans. How these factors may impact upon allergic disease in the horse is unknown at this time. The 3rd workshop on Allergic Diseases of the Horse, with major sponsorship from the Havemeyer Foundation, was held in Holar, Iceland, in June 2007 and focussed on immunological and genetic aspects of IBH and RAO. This particular venue was chosen because of the prevalence of IBH in exported Icelandic horses. The incidence of IBH is significantly different between Icelandic horses born in Europe or North America and those born in Iceland and exported as adults. Although the genetic factors and allergens are the same, exported adult horses show a greater incidence of IBH. This suggests that environmental or epigenetic factors may contribute to this response. This report summarizes the present state of knowledge and summarizes important issues discussed at the workshop. [less ▲]

Report of the development of a LC-MS method for the assay of an impurity in a pharmaceutical speciality

Report (2010)