Prévention et promotion en santé mentale : analyse de la genèse de deux campagnes médiatiques françaises de santé publique

Conference (2010, April 09)

Prévention et traitement des nausées et vomissements après chimiothérapie anticancéreuse

in Médecine et Hygiène (2002), 60

La prévention médicalisée est-elle néfaste pour nos patients ? Et à quelles conditions leur serait-elle bénéfique ?

Conference (2009, June 25)

En examinant nos pratiques en prévention, il semble nécessaire de mieux asseoir la validité scientifique de nos actes, e.a. en prenant de la distance par rapport aux pressions commerciales. Il serait ... [more ▼]

En examinant nos pratiques en prévention, il semble nécessaire de mieux asseoir la validité scientifique de nos actes, e.a. en prenant de la distance par rapport aux pressions commerciales. Il serait utile de rapprocher la médecine générale et la santé publique, en augmentant la place de la promotion de la santé et ne développant la place du patient. De nouvelles tâches sont à imaginer dans un partenariat multidisciplinaire. [less ▲]

Prevention of bacterial biofilms by covalent immobilization of peptides onto plasma polymer functionalized substrates

in Journal of Materials Chemistry (2010), 20

In this study, robust antibacterial coatings were created on stainless steel through the covalent grafting of antibacterial peptides onto an organic-polymeric interlayer deposited by RF-glow discharge ... [more ▼]

In this study, robust antibacterial coatings were created on stainless steel through the covalent grafting of antibacterial peptides onto an organic-polymeric interlayer deposited by RF-glow discharge plasma. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterize and optimize the two steps of the coating process. The biocidal activity of these surfaces was demonstrated against both Gram+ and Gram- bacteria using ISO tests. 3 to 6 log10 reductions of both Gram+ and Gram- bacterial strains were obtained compared to uncoated stainless steel and depending on the particular antibacterial peptide immobilized. Importantly the antibacterial surfaces were resistant to several cleaning conditions. The latter is significant as the stability of such antibacterial surfaces in close to real life conditions is a major concern and leaching, de-lamination, rearrangement and ageing of the coating can lead to insufficient long term biofilm resistance of the surface. [less ▲]

Prevention of bacterial biofilms onto stainless steel substrates by immobilization of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm biomolecules

Conference (2011)

Stainless steel is widely used in the daily life in building and food industries as well as in the medical field. However, at long term, bacteria succeed in adhering, proliferating and forming a resistant ... [more ▼]

Stainless steel is widely used in the daily life in building and food industries as well as in the medical field. However, at long term, bacteria succeed in adhering, proliferating and forming a resistant biofilm on stainless steel. Therefore, surface modification is needed providing metal surface with antibacterial, anti-adhesion and easy cleaning properties. Several biomolecules (antimicrobial peptides, antiadhesion biomolecules and anti-biofilm enzymes) were immobilized on stainless steel thanks to different immobilization techniques. In a first approach, cationic peptides have been embedded in a LBL architecture comprising anti-adhesion biomolecules. In a second approach, small inorganic-binding peptides isolated by phage display technology and recognizing specifically the steel surface were used as linker for antimicrobial peptide immobilization. Finally, antibacterial peptides were covalently grafted onto an organic-polymeric interlayer deposited by plasma. Resulting antibacterial, antiadhesion and anti-biofilm properties were characterized and the advantages of each immobilization technique were documented. The biocidal effect of these surfaces was demonstrated against Gram+/- bacteria. Coated stainless steel surfaces led to 95% reduction of S. epidermidis adhesion vs bare substrate. By combining both antibacterial and anti-adhesion biomolecules, we produced stainless steel surfaces with better cleanability. A biofilm-releasing glycoside hydrolase was also immobilized on the surface and showed to confer anti-biofilm properties to stainless steel. Moreover, we provide valuable insight about the resistance of the coating to close to real life cleaning conditions. [less ▲]

prevention of delirium in perioperatie cares in old persons

Conference (2012, November 10)

Prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss by strontium ranelate: The randomized, two-year, double-masked, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled PREVOS trial

in Osteoporosis International (2002), 13(12), 925-931

Early postmenopausal women (n = 160) were randomised to receive placebo or strontium ranelate (SR) 125 mg/day, 500 mg/day or 1 g/day for 2 years (40 participants per group). All participants received ... [more ▼]

Early postmenopausal women (n = 160) were randomised to receive placebo or strontium ranelate (SR) 125 mg/day, 500 mg/day or 1 g/day for 2 years (40 participants per group). All participants received calcium 500 mg/day. The primary efficacy parameter was the percent variation in lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Secondary efficacy criteria included hip BMD and biochemical markers of bone turnover. At month 24, SR I g/day significantly increased lumbar BMD compared with placebo [mean (SD) +5.53% (5.12); p < 0.001] for measured values and [mean (SD) + 1.41% (5.33%); p < 0.05] for values adjusted for bone strontium content. The annual increase for adjusted values was +0.66% compared with -0.5% with placebo, with an overall beneficial effect after 2 years of about 2.4% with SR I g/day relative to placebo. There were no other significant between-group differences in adjusted lumbar BMD. Femoral neck and total hip BMD were also significantly increased at month 24 with SR I g/day compared with placebo [mean (SD): +2.46% (4.78) and +3.21% (4.68), respectively; both p < 0.001)]. SR 1 g/day significantly increased bone alkaline phosphatase at all time points (p < 0.05) compared with baseline and between-group analysis showed a significant increase, compared with placebo, at month 18 (p = 0.048). No effect on markers of bone resorption was observed. SR was as well tolerated as placebo. The minimum does at which SR is effective in preventing bone loss in early postmenopausal non-osteoporotic women is therefore 1 g/day. [less ▲]

Prevention of falls, bone loss and fractures : D-hormone analogs or native vitamin D? a meta-perspective

in Osteoporosis International (2009, March), 20(Suppl.1), 90

Prevention of group B streptococcal neonatal disease revisited. The DEVANI European project

in European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology (2012)

The purpose of this paper was to present the current knowledge on the prevention of group B streptococcus (GBS)neonatal infections and the status of prevention policies in European countries and to ... [more ▼]

The purpose of this paper was to present the current knowledge on the prevention of group B streptococcus (GBS)neonatal infections and the status of prevention policies in European countries and to present the DEVANI pan-European program, launched in 2008. The aim of this program was to assess the GBS neonatal infection burden in Europe, to design a new vaccine to immunize neonates against GBS infections, to improve the laboratory performance for the diagnosis of GBS colonization and infection, and to improve the methods for the typing of GBS strains. The current guidelines for GBS prevention in different countries were ascertained and a picture of the burden before and after the instauration of prevention policies has been drawn. After the issue of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, many European countries have adopted universal screening for the GBS colonization of pregnant women and intrapartum prophylaxis to colonized mothers. Nevertheless, some European countries continue advocating the risk factor approach to GBS prevention. Most European countries have implemented policies to prevent GBS neonatal infections and the burden of the disease has decreased during the last several years. Nevertheless, further steps are necessary in order to develop new strategies of prevention, to improve microbiological techniques to detect GBS colonization and infection, and to coordinate the prevention policies in the EU. [less ▲]

Prevention of hip fractures in osteoporosis

in Minerva Ortopedica e Traumatologica (2007), 58(5), 423-437

Hip fracture is the major clinical consequence of osteoporosis. It is linked with decreased life expectancy and quality of life, placing an ever increasing burden on health services. Few medications have ... [more ▼]

Hip fracture is the major clinical consequence of osteoporosis. It is linked with decreased life expectancy and quality of life, placing an ever increasing burden on health services. Few medications have unequivocally demonstrated their ability to reduce hip fracture risk in osteoporotic subjects. Daily alendronate and risedronate reduce hip fracture in patients with low bone mineral density and prevalent vertebral fractures. Intravenous bisphosphonates have been developed, in response to long-term poor adherence to oral anti-osteoporotic treatments. Once-yearly zoledronic acid reduces fracture rates at the spine, non-spine and hip locations. Strontium ranelate, the first drug to uncouple bone formation from bone resorption has also demonstrated its ability to reduce hip fractures in patients above 74 years old, with prevalent low bone mineral density. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation are prerequisite for the management of elderly subjects and should always been associated to anti-resorptive or bone forming agents. Non-pharmacological management of osteoporosis is recommended cannot be considered a substitute for pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis, not even in old age. [less ▲]