Partenariats, cohabitation légale et autres relations de vie commune

in Wautelet, Patrick (Ed.) Relations familiales internationales - l'actualité vue par la pratique (2010)

In this paper, I offer an overview of the main questions which arise in relation with the so-called 'new forms' of marriage (such as same sex marriage and partnership), looking specifically at cross ... [more ▼]

In this paper, I offer an overview of the main questions which arise in relation with the so-called 'new forms' of marriage (such as same sex marriage and partnership), looking specifically at cross-border situations. An attempt is made to determine who has access to such legal relationships in Belgium, what are the consequences of such relationships in mixed relations and whether the newly created institutions are duly recognized as such abroad. [less ▲]

Parthénios et Phylarque : analyses fragmentologiques

in Zucker, Arnaud (Ed.) Littérature et érotisme dans les Passions d’amour de Parthénios de Nicée (2008)

Le parti pris des mots : normes et attitudes linguistiques

Book published by Mardaga (1986)

Partial adherence: a new perspective on health economic assessment in osteoporosis.

in Osteoporosis International (2011), 22(10), 2565-73

Partial adherence in osteoporosis increases the risk for fragility fracture and has considerable impact on cost-effectiveness. This review highlights a number of avenues for further research, such as ... [more ▼]

Partial adherence in osteoporosis increases the risk for fragility fracture and has considerable impact on cost-effectiveness. This review highlights a number of avenues for further research, such as improved definition of thresholds of compliance and persistence, as well as gap length, offset times, and fraction of benefit. INTRODUCTION: A number of economic models have been developed to evaluate osteoporosis therapies and support decisions regarding efficient allocation of health care resources. Adherence to treatment is seldom incorporated in these models, which may reduce their validity for decision-making since adherence is poor in real-world clinical practice. METHODS: An ad hoc working group of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis met to review key issues concerning the incorporation of partial adherence in health economic models. RESULTS: Observational data have shown that poor adherence is associated with an increase in the risk for fragility fracture. Health economic modelling indicates that full adherence is associated with more quality-adjusted life years gained than partial adherence, as well as higher treatment costs and lower fracture-related costs. Although adherence appears as an important driver of cost-effectiveness, the effect is dependent on a range of other variables, such as offset time, fraction of benefit, fracture risk, fracture efficacy, fracture-related costs, and drug cost, some of which are poorly defined. Current models used to evaluate cost-effectiveness in osteoporosis may oversimplify the contributions of compliance and persistence. CONCLUSION: Partial adherence has a significant impact on cost-effectiveness. Further research is required to optimise thresholds of compliance and persistence, the impact of gap length, offset times, and fraction of benefit. [less ▲]

Partial Atomic Charges Of Amino Acids In Proteins

in Proteins-Structure Function and Bioinformatics (2004), 56(1), 102-9

Using a semiempirical quantum mechanical procedure (FCPAC) we have calculated the partial atomic charges of amino acids from 494 high-resolution protein structures. To analyze the influence of the protein ... [more ▼]

Using a semiempirical quantum mechanical procedure (FCPAC) we have calculated the partial atomic charges of amino acids from 494 high-resolution protein structures. To analyze the influence of the protein's environment, we considered each residue under two conditions: either as the center of a tripeptide with PDB structure geometry (free) or as the center of 13-16 amino acid clusters extracted from the PDB structure (buried). The partial atomic charges from residues in helices and in sheets were separated. The FCPAC partial atomic charges of the Cbeta and Calpha of most residues correlate with their helix propensity, positively for Cbeta and negatively for Calpha (r2 = 0.76 and 0.6, respectively). The main consequence of burying residues in proteins is the polarization of the backbone C=O bond, which is more pronounced in helices than in sheets. The average shift of the oxygen partial charges that results from burying is -0.120 in helix and -0.084 in sheet with the charge of the proton as unit. Linear correlations are found between the average NMR chemical shifts and the average FCPAC partial charges of Calpha (r2 = 0.8-0.85), N (r3 = 0.67-0.72), and Cbeta (r2 = 0.62) atoms. Correlations for helix and beta-sheet FCPAC partial charges show parallel regressions, suggesting that the charge variations due to burying in proteins differentiate between the dihedral angle effects and the polarization of backbone atoms. [less ▲]

Partial Differential Equations and Meshing

Scientific conference (2011, November)

Partial divergence of cytokine mRNA expression in bronchial tissues compared to bronchoalveolar lavage cells in horses with recurrent airway obstruction.

in Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology (2008), 122(3-4), 256-64

The aim of this study was to investigate mRNA levels of cytokines in bronchial epithelium in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) during acute crisis and remission. Additionally, cytokine mRNA ... [more ▼]

The aim of this study was to investigate mRNA levels of cytokines in bronchial epithelium in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) during acute crisis and remission. Additionally, cytokine mRNA levels in endobronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were compared. Seven RAO horses were examined while in respiratory crisis following provocation and again while in remission after 2 months on pasture, during which time six healthy horses on pasture were also examined. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to assess mRNA expression for cytokines IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17 and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) in endobronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage. Expression of IL-8 mRNA was significantly upregulated during crisis in both endobronchial biopsies and BAL cells (p=0.036), while there was a similar trend for upregulation of IL-10 mRNA only in BAL cells that approached significance (p=0.059). Moreover, during crisis the expression of IL-8 mRNA in BAL cells was positively correlated to relative IL-6 mRNA expression (r(s)=0.971, p=0.001) and bronchial epithelial expression of IL-10 and TGF-beta1 mRNA were positively correlated (r(s)=0.943, p=0.005). In comparing the relationship of mRNA expression in BAL to biopsy in individual RAO horses, there was a positive correlation with IL-6 to IL-8 mRNA expression in BAL during respiratory crisis (r(s)=0.971, p=0.001) that also correlated positively with IL-8 expression in biopsies on pasture (r(s)=0.986, p<0.0001 for both). Regarding RAO horses at pasture versus controls neither the cytokine mRNA levels in endobronchial biopsy nor in BAL cells differed significantly. These results further support previous findings that IL-8 mRNA in both BAL cells and bronchial epithelium is upregulated in RAO horses during crisis. However, apart from IL-8, it appears that expression of other cytokines, including IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-beta1 in bronchial epithelium does not necessarily mirror cytokine expression in BAL cells in individual horses with RAO. Accordingly, examination of markers of inflammation in endobronchial tissue provides complementary but not necessarily identical information to that obtained in BAL cells. Given the potential for repeated sampling over time bronchial biopsy can serve as an invaluable additional tool for investigation of time-dependent changes in inflammatory process in this animal model of asthma. [less ▲]

Partial or total replacement of fish meal by local agricultural by-products in diets of juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): growth performance, feed efficiency and digestibility

in Aquaculture Nutrition (2010), 16

The study was undertaken to evaluate the growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, fed six diets (D) in which fishmeal (FM) was gradually replaced by a mixture of ... [more ▼]

The study was undertaken to evaluate the growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, fed six diets (D) in which fishmeal (FM) was gradually replaced by a mixture of local plant by-products. In diets 1 and 2, FM (250 g kg)1) was replaced by sunflower oil cake (SFOC). In diets 3 and 4, FM (250 and 150 g kg)1, respectively) was replaced by SFOC and bean meal (BM) while FM was totally substituted by a mixture of groundnut oil cake (GOC), BM and SFOC in diets 5 and 6. Sunflower oil cake was cooked, soaked or dehulled in order to determine the appropriate processing techniques for improving the SFOC nutritive value and to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) values of the alternative diets. No significant differences were observed for daily feed intake, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) among fish fed D1, D2, D3 (250 g kg)1 FM), D4 (150 g kg)1 FM) and D6 (0 g kg)1 FM). The highest SGR (3.2% per day) and FE (1.2) were achieved in fish fed D3, and the lowest in fish fed D5 (0% FM), suggesting a maximum acceptable dietary concentration of hulled SFOC below 250 g kg)1 in African catfish juveniles. Protein efficiency ratio ranged from 2.2 to 3.2 for all dietary treatments and was positively influenced by FM inclusion. African catfish were able to digest plant protein very efficiently in all diets tested. ADC of protein ranged from 88.6 to 89.5%, while ADC of energy was relatively low for diets containing hulled sunflower oilcake (71–74%) and high when sunflower oilcake was dehulled (78.6–81.3%). Similarly, ADC of dry matter was higher when sunflower was dehulled (72.1%) when compared with crude SFOC (60.5%). Soaking increased ADC values for neutral detergent fibre (NDF), dry matter, energy, protein and amino acids (AA). There were no significant differences in protein ADCs (88–90%) with increased levels of dietary vegetable ingredients. Both soaking and dehulling of sunflower before incorporation helped in the reduction of NDF, antitrypsin and tannins. Digestibility of all AA was generally high, greater than 90% for both indispensable and non-indispensable AA. Based on the data obtained, it was possible to totally replace menhaden fish meal with a mixture of vegetable proteins (7 % of total dietary protein) when diets contained a relatively low percentage of animal protein (28% based on blood meal and chicken viscera meal) without negative effects. [less ▲]

Partial Projection of Sets Represented by Finite Automata, with Application to State-Space Visualization

in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (2009), 5457

Partial Purification of rabbit placental PAG (pregnancy-associated glycoprotein)

in Pflügers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology (2001), 442(R105), 88