Multiple pregnancy-associated glycoproteins are secreted by day 100 sheep placenta

in Biology of Reproduction (1997), 57(6), 1384-1393

Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG)-1 (PAG1) and pregnancy-specific protein B are either identical or closely related antigens released by trophoblast binucleate cells of placentas of cattle. Sheep ... [more ▼]

Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG)-1 (PAG1) and pregnancy-specific protein B are either identical or closely related antigens released by trophoblast binucleate cells of placentas of cattle. Sheep and other ruminants produce similar products. There is evidence, however, that these antigens, which are related structurally to the pepsinogens and other aspartic proteinases, are not single gene products but members of an extensive family. Here, the sequential use of ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sepharose blue, anion-exchange, and cation-exchange chromatographies, as well as isoelectric elution from a Mono P column, has allowed several PAG1-related molecules to be purified from the medium after culture of explants from Day 100 sheep placentas. Each of these PAGs cross-reacted to a varying extent with a panel of three different anti-PAG1 antisera. Four of them, all of which were major secretory products of the placenta, were subjected to amino-terminal microsequencing. Although each was related to ovine (ov) PAG1, none was identical. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was then used to amplify PAG1-related cDNA from Day 100 placental RNA. Seven novel full-length cDNA, all distinct from ovPAG1, were identified from 25 cDNA selected for sequencing. Only two of these (ovPAG3 and ovPAG7) encoded polypeptides identical in sequence at their inferred amino termini to one of the PAGs (ovPAG65) purified from explant cultures. Even so, they were only 84% identical in overall sequence. The remaining five cDNA were unique. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that expression of ovPAG3 and ovPAG7, like that of ovPAG1, is confined to trophoblast binucleate cells. The data confirm that at Day 100 of pregnancy the ovine placenta produces many different PAGs, which differ considerably in sequence and immunological cross-reactivity. [less ▲]

Multiple Realities of Virtual Architecture, Opening Session of Virtual Techniques for Architecture

in Fisher, X.; Coutellier, D. (Eds.) Proceedings of Virtual Concept Conference '05 - Research in Interactive Design (2005)

Multiple Redox Regulation in Nf-Kappab Transcription Factor Activation

in Biological Chemistry (1997), 378(11), 1237-45

The well-known Rel/NF-kappaB family of vertebrate transcription factors comprises a number of structurally related, interacting proteins that bind DNA as dimers and whose activity is regulated by ... [more ▼]

The well-known Rel/NF-kappaB family of vertebrate transcription factors comprises a number of structurally related, interacting proteins that bind DNA as dimers and whose activity is regulated by subcellular location. This family includes many members (p50, p52, RelA, RelB, c-Rel, ...), most of which can form DNA-binding homo- or hetero-dimers. All Rel proteins contain a highly conserved domain of approximately 300 amino-acids, called the Rel homology domain (RH), which contains sequences necessary for the formation of dimers, nuclear localization, DNA binding and IkappaB binding. Nuclear expression and consequent biological action of the eukaryotic NF-kappaB transcription factor complex are tightly regulated through its cytoplasmic retention by ankyrin-rich inhibitory proteins known as IkappaB. The IkappaB proteins include a group of related proteins that interact with Rel dimers and regulate their activities. The interaction of a given IkappaB protein with a Rel complex can affect the Rel complex in distinct ways. In the best characterized example, IkappaB-alpha interacts with a p50/RelA (NF-kappaB) heterodimer to retain the complex in the cytoplasm and inhibit its DNA-binding activity. The NF-kappaB/IkappaB-alpha complex is located in the cytoplasm of most resting cells, but can be rapidly induced to enter the cell nucleus. Upon receiving a variety of signals, many of which are probably mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), IkappaB-alpha undergoes phosphorylation at serine residues by a ubiquitin-dependent protein kinase, is then ubiquitinated at nearby lysine residues and finally degraded by the proteasome, probably while still complexed with NF-kappaB. Removal of IkappaB-alpha uncovers the nuclear localization signals on subunits of NF-kappaB, allowing the complex to enter the nucleus, bind to DNA and affect gene expression. Like proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1, TNF), various ROS (peroxides, singlet oxygen, ...) as well as UV (C to A) light are capable of mediating NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, while the sensor molecules which are sensitive to these agents and trigger IkappaB-alpha proteolysis are still unidentified. We also show that a ROS-independent mechanism is activated by IL-1beta in epithelial cells and seems to involve the acidic sphingomyelinase/ceramide transduction pathway. [less ▲]

Multiple risk factors analysis of non-immunological delayed graft function after kidney transplantation

in Clinical Transplantation (1988), (2), 312-318

Multiple scales solution for a beam with a small bending stiffness

in Journal of Engineering Mechanics (2010), 136(1), 69-77

Multiple seawater-derived geochemical signatures in Indian oceanic pelagic clays

in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (1997), 61(5), 989-1008

This paper reports a geochemical study of oceanic clays. Major and trace elements were analyzed on smectite-rich, clay size (<2 mu m) samples, bulk sediments, and leachate residues from the Central Indian ... [more ▼]

This paper reports a geochemical study of oceanic clays. Major and trace elements were analyzed on smectite-rich, clay size (<2 mu m) samples, bulk sediments, and leachate residues from the Central Indian Basin. Sr-Nd isotopes were also studied to investigate their geochemical evolution during transport in the water column, sedimentation, and diagenesis. The region is of special interest because the sedimentation records the interaction between the detrital supply from the Bengal Fan in the north and the biosiliceous input associated with the equatorial divergence in the south. The clay size fractions display extremely variable trace element contents, e.g., [Ba] = 100-5000 ppm, [Sr] = 20-200 ppm, Ce/Ce* = 0.9-3.3, [Nd] = 10-50 ppm. Although in the argillaceous samples, clay size fractions have a similar trace element imprint to the bulk sediment, some major fractionations occur in the biosiliceous samples between the clay and the bulk sediment, especially for Sr and rare earth elements (REE). Three major components may account for the variable geochemical signatures of these pelagic clays. The first component (component A), already identified by Fagel et al. (1994), is characterized by a homogeneous geochemical signature (La-N/Yb-N = 1.03-1.05; Th/Ta = 12.8-21.1; Ba/Th similar to 28) and a nonradiogenic Nd isotopic composition (Nd-143/Nd-144 similar to 0.511880): it traces a detrital Himalayan-derived origin. The two other components display a seawater-derived isotopic composition with global Sr (Sr-87/Sr-86 similar to 0.709060) and regional Indian Ocean Nd(Nd-143/Nd-144 similar to 0.512200) signatures. Both components are enriched in Sr and Ba (Sr similar to 150 ppm, Ba/Th similar to 500), and they are either enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE, e.g., Nd similar to 50 ppm) in the argillaceous sediments (component B) or LREE-depleted (Nd < 20 ppm) in the biosiliceous sediments (component C). The frequent occurrence of micrometric (<5 mu m) Sr-REE-Th enriched barite grains showing three major habits (rhombic, rounded, dendritic) suggests that these biologically-derived mineral phases had a major role in the genesis of components B and C. A strong clay-barite equilibration is deduced from the Post Archean Australian Shales PAAS-like REE patterns of these barites and the Ba enrichment of the clays. We suggest that it results from two successive mechanisms of exchange. First, at the top of the oxygen minimum zone, the microbial-induced decay of organic matter is proposed to trigger a series of trace element transfers between the various particulate-forming components (clays, barites, and decaying organic coatings). This is proposed as the origin of the clay component B: the barite-derived components (Ba, Sr) and the organic-derived positive Ce anomaly are imported to the clay particles while the PAAS signature of the clays is retained by the remaining barite crystals. Second, after settling, the barites are believed to partly dissolve and recrystallize, especially in the anoxic part of the sedimentary column. This diagenetic barite dissolution is proposed as the origin of the clay component C. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. [less ▲]

Multiple spectroscopic study of in vitro photodynamic therapy induced by PPME

Conference (2010, June 01)

Multiple types of cardiac arrhythmias in a child with head injury and raised intracranial pressure.

in Pediatric Cardiology (2006), 27(2), 286-8

Arrhythmias occur as a life-threatening complication in adults with severe head injuries. A wide spectrum of brady- and tachyarrhythmias and different pathogenetic mechanisms have been described. We ... [more ▼]

Arrhythmias occur as a life-threatening complication in adults with severe head injuries. A wide spectrum of brady- and tachyarrhythmias and different pathogenetic mechanisms have been described. We report an 8-year-old boy with traumatic brain injury who developed a variety of independent types of arrhythmias during the course of his illness, including supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles, prolonged QT duration and ventricular fibrillation, accelerated junctional rhythm, and reentry tachycardia. Each arrhythmia may have had a distinct pathogenic pathway, and not all were associated with raised intracranial pressure. [less ▲]

Multiple-Breath Washout and Washin Experiments in Steers

in Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) (1996), 81(2), 957-63

Multiple-breath N2 washouts (WO) and washins (WI) were performed during regular tidal breathing in 11 unsedated healthy steers approaching pulmonary functional maturity (mean body weight = 271 kg). They ... [more ▼]

Multiple-breath N2 washouts (WO) and washins (WI) were performed during regular tidal breathing in 11 unsedated healthy steers approaching pulmonary functional maturity (mean body weight = 271 kg). They inspired 20% O2 in 80% Ar during the WO and air during the WI. For each steer, we computed two indexes of ventilation inhomogeneity from the N2 WO curves: 1) the curvilinearity of the logarithm of end-tidal N2 concentrations as a function of cumulative expired volume reflected in the ratio of two slopes fitted between 100 and 50% and between 50 and 10%, respectively, of end-tidal N2 concentration of the first breath of the WO; and 2) the N2 phase III slope divided by the mean expired concentration (Sn) of each breath also plotted as a function of cumulative expired volume. Equivalent computation of both parameters was done on WI and WO curves, and similar results were obtained. The mean slope ratio was 0.812 +/- 0.119 (SD) for all the steers, which is consistent with topographic gravity-dependent specific ventilation distribution inhomogeneity. Sn was independent of the breath number both for WO and WI (mean Sn = 0.130 +/- 0.057 liters-1), suggesting that emptying between unequally ventilated units, is synchronous. This behavior resembles that observed in rats postmortem (S. Verbanck, E.R. Weibel, and M. Paiva. J. Appl Physiol. 71: 847-854, 1991) but contrasts with experiments in humans, in whom convection-dependent ventilation inhomogeneities generate a marked increase in Sn throughout the entire WO (A. B. H. Crawford, M. Makowska, M. Paiva, and L. A. Engel. J. Appl. Physiol. 59: 838-846, 1985). This is surprising because one would expect gravity-dependent sequential emptying in animals of this size. [less ▲]

Les multiples determinants de la mémoire à court terme verbale : implications théoriques et évaluatives

in Développements (2010), 4