L'interprétation des standards en situation extrême: le pouvoir fait-il la différence?

in Revue Management et Avenir [= RMA] (2011), 41

Cet article s’interroge sur le rôle que jouent les standards dans la coordination du travail en situation extrême. La pensée organisationnelle classique nous a habitués à préconiser, dans ce type de ... [more ▼]

Cet article s’interroge sur le rôle que jouent les standards dans la coordination du travail en situation extrême. La pensée organisationnelle classique nous a habitués à préconiser, dans ce type de situation, l’adoption de pratiques informelles, reposant sur des relations interpersonnelles entre acteurs. Diverses recherches empiriques montrent cependant que, même en contexte incertain et complexe, des pratiques formalisées, se référant notamment à des standards, ont toute leur place et leur pertinence. Notre contribution s’inscrit dans cette perspective en explorant les standards à l’oeuvre dans les pratiques de coordination en situation extrême. Nous montrons d’abord que ces standards sont d’origine et de nature diverse, ce qui leur donne des rôles différents. Nous précisons ensuite que le travail interprétatif qu’ils permettent est sans doute très largement dépendant du système de pouvoir dans lequel ils s’inscrivent. A partir de deux études de cas - l’une dans le cadre d’opérations aériennes de l’OTAN en Afghanistan et l’autre au sein d’un service de néonatologie universitaire, d’autre part - nous développons et discutons la thèse centrale de l’article selon laquelle le caractère plus ou moins structurant des standards mobilisés face aux situations extrêmes est étroitement lié aux rapports de pouvoir observables dans chaque cas particulier. [less ▲]

Interprétation et rectification des jugements répressifs

in Revue de Jurisprudence de Liège, Mons et Bruxelles (1991)

Interprétation mathématique de l'étude de la durée de vie des plaquettes marquées au chrome radio-actif

in Nouvelle Revue Française d'Hématologie (1969), 9(6), 886-888

Interpretation of behavioural reactions of sheep towards fear-eliciting situations.

in Applied Animal Behaviour Science (1998), 58

Interpretation of serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in dialysis patients: what do the KDIGO guidelines change for the clinical laboratory?

in Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine (2010), 48(6), 769-774

The interpretation of the spectrum of HD 190073.

in Astrophysical Journal (1942), 96

The hypothesis proposed by Beals for the interpretation of the complex contours of lines of H and Ca II in HD 190073 is discussed in the light of recent observations made at the McDonald Observatory. The ... [more ▼]

The hypothesis proposed by Beals for the interpretation of the complex contours of lines of H and Ca II in HD 190073 is discussed in the light of recent observations made at the McDonald Observatory. The absorption lines designated by Beals as A2 and A3 and the emission of Ca II and H probably originate in a shell whose radius is several times larger than the radius of the star. The absence of A1 near the center of the emission in Ca II H suggests that this sharp line is produced at a lower level, where the velocity of expansion is negligible. The central reversals of the H lines, on the other hand, may come from an upper layer of the shell where the atoms have become decelerated. In this case the absorbing layer must lie immediately above an optically thick emitting shell, so that it will act somewhat like a reversing layer and not like a detached shell at great distances from the emitting regions. [less ▲]

Interpretation statistique de l'efficacite de procédés anti-incrustation soumis au test d'electrodéposition.

in Tribune de l'Eau (La) (1994), 47(567), 27-29

INTERPRETATIONS COLLABORATIVES : Usages et implications du Studio Digital Collaboratif en situation de conception architecturale

in Actes de SCAN 2010 : Séminaire de Conception Architecturale Numérique (2010, December)

Interpretations of Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Tracks by Inuit Hunters: Inter-rater Reliability and Inferences Concerning Accuracy

in Canadian Field-Naturalist (2012), 125(2), 140-153

due to their tracking experience in pursuing Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus), Inuit hunters could provide non-invasive estimates of Polar Bear characteristics from tracks, and Polar Bear monitoring programs ... [more ▼]

due to their tracking experience in pursuing Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus), Inuit hunters could provide non-invasive estimates of Polar Bear characteristics from tracks, and Polar Bear monitoring programs could benefit from Inuit input. We determined i) inter-rater reliability of estimates of the sex, age, and size of Polar Bears, and estimates of the age of tracks made by a group of nine Inuit hunters who interpreted 78 tracks; ii) we made preliminary comparisons of sex and size estimates with conventional (scientific) estimates; iii) we catalogued the Polar Bear hunting experience and track interpretation techniques of nine Inuit hunters; and iv) we explored relationships between hunting experience and the ability to interpret tracks. The group of Inuit hunters made reliable and consistent estimates of Polar Bear sex, age, and size, as well as estimates of age of track (after data from one participant was excluded). Although our comparisons are based on small samples, our findings suggest that Inuit hunters may be accurate in estimating the sex of Polar Bears (74.42% agreement with genetic determinations) and the size of Polar Bears from their tracks. our data indicate shared tracking techniques used by hunters may explain high agreement in making specific estimates, while individual hunting experience and particular methods used to interpret tracks may lead to inter-rater reliability and accuracy in interpreting tracks. [less ▲]

Interpréter Babel : Simon, Leclerc, Basnage

in Beiträge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft (1992), 2