Internal anatomy of catfishes.

in Kapoor, B. G.; Arratia, G.; Diogo, Rui (Eds.) et al Catfishes (2003)

Internal Capital Market Efficiency of Belgian Holding Companies

in Finance (2005), 26(2), 11-34

In this paper, we raise the following two questions. (1) Do Belgian holding companies operate an internal capital market to transfer financial resources amongst their subsidiaries? And if yes, (2) is the ... [more ▼]

In this paper, we raise the following two questions. (1) Do Belgian holding companies operate an internal capital market to transfer financial resources amongst their subsidiaries? And if yes, (2) is the internal capital market efficient? To answer the first question, we check if group cash flow is a determinant of the group members investment spending. The answer is positive if the holding company’s subsidiary is affiliated to a coordination center and negative otherwise. To answer the second question, we evaluate if internal transfers are driven by efficiency. From our estimations, we cannot conclude that Belgian Holding companies have an efficient internal capital market. [less ▲]

Internal dynamics from asteroseismology for two sdB pulsators in close binary systems

in Communications in Asteroseismology (2008, December), 157

Since their discovery eleven years ago, short-period pulsating sdB stars have proved their potential for quantitative asteroseismological studies. We have recently updated our astero- seismic diagnostic ... [more ▼]

Since their discovery eleven years ago, short-period pulsating sdB stars have proved their potential for quantitative asteroseismological studies. We have recently updated our astero- seismic diagnostic tools in order to incorporate the effects of stellar rotation on pulsations, assuming various internal rotation laws. It is possible, with these new tools, to determine the internal rotation profile of two short-period pulsating sdB stars residing in close binary systems, namely Feige 48 and PG 1336 -018. They exhibit orbital periods of 9.024 h and 2.424 h respectively, as measured from spectroscopy. For the two stars, we show that spin-orbit synchronism is reached from the surface down to ˜ 0.22 R∗ and 0.55 RxE2x88x97 , respectively. The rotation of deeper layers cannot be inferred with the type of modes p-modes observed in short-period pulsating sdB stars. These results can potentially provide new elements to test tidal friction theories, particularly the angular momentum transport, in close binary systems. [less ▲]

Internal energy and fragmentation of ions produced in electrospray sources

in Mass Spectrometry Reviews (2005), 24(4), 566-587

This review addresses the determination of the internal energy of ions produced by electrospray ionization (ESI) sources, and the influence of the internal energy on analyte fragmentation. A control of ... [more ▼]

This review addresses the determination of the internal energy of ions produced by electrospray ionization (ESI) sources, and the influence of the internal energy on analyte fragmentation. A control of the analyte internal energy is crucial for several applications of electrospray mass spectrometry, like structural studies, construction of reproducible and exportable spectral libraries, analysis of non-covalent complexes. Sections II and III summarize the Electrospray mechanisms and source design considerations which are relevant to the problem of internal energy, and Section IV gives an overview of the interrelationships between ion internal energy, reaction time scale, and analyte fragmentation. In these three sections we tried to make the most important theoretical elements understandable by all ESI users, and their understanding requires a minimal background in physical chemistry. We then present the different approaches used to experimentally determine the ion internal energy, as well as various attempts in modeling the internal energy uptake in electrospray sources. Finally, a tentative comparison between electrospray and other ionization sources is made. As the reader will see, although many reports appeared on the subject, the knowledge in the field of internal energy of ions produced by soft ionization sources is still scarce, because of the complexity of the system, and this is what makes this area of research so interesting. The last section presents some perspectives for future research. [less ▲]

Internal energy content of ions in a travelling wave ion guide

Conference (2010)

Travelling wave ion guides (TWIGs) separate of ions according to their mobility and, at constant charge, according to their shape. The ion mobility separation itself should not modify the shape of the ... [more ▼]

Travelling wave ion guides (TWIGs) separate of ions according to their mobility and, at constant charge, according to their shape. The ion mobility separation itself should not modify the shape of the systems investigated. It was recently suggested by Shvartsburg et al. that the higher fields used in TWIGs than in traditional drift tubes would cause significant heating of the ions. We present a quantitative analysis of the amount of internal energy imparted to ions as they are separated in TWIGs. Benzylpyridinium ions were chosen as “thermometer” ions. Based on arrival time distributions, the fragment ion population is separated as a function of the place of formation: before, in, or after the TWIG. Fragmentation all along the TWIG was observed. The roles of the travelling wave’s voltage, speed, and of the gas nature and pressure will be discussed in detail as well of the consequences on instruments performances. [less ▲]

Internal energy of ions inside ion mobility mass spectrometers

Conference (2012, April)

The internal market and social rights: friends or foes?

in Defossez, Alexandre; Munoz, Rodolphe; El Khadraoui, Said (Eds.) European Union and the Economic Crisis (2011)

Analyzing the relationships between the development of the internal market and European social rights faces a major challenge: avoiding caricature. The following example illustrates this point: if, on the ... [more ▼]

Analyzing the relationships between the development of the internal market and European social rights faces a major challenge: avoiding caricature. The following example illustrates this point: if, on the one hand, the Laval and Viking cases have rekindled the fear of “social dumping” throughout the Union, on the other hand, the recent developments of European citizenship case law foster the rights of all European citizens. This illustrates that the relationships between the internal market and social rights may rightly be described as “conflicting” or “friendly”, depending the issue at stake and/or the legal basis involved (freedom to provide services versus European citizenship). We’ve therefore decided to focus on what we think are “defining moments” of the relationship between the internal market and the development of social Europe. These choices may appear artificial or incomplete but we think that they encapsulate the basic tension that is going throughout the history of the European Union (EU), since the foundation of the European Economic Community (EEC) to the recent Single Market Act [less ▲]

Internationaal privaatrecht geannoteerd

Book published by La Charte (2012)

This collection presents the most important statutory materials useful for the practice in Belgium of private international law. Each instrument (Belgian Acts, European Regulations and International ... [more ▼]

This collection presents the most important statutory materials useful for the practice in Belgium of private international law. Each instrument (Belgian Acts, European Regulations and International Conventions in force in Belgium) is reproduced together with comments highlighting the most important case law in relation to the provisions studied. [less ▲]

The International 4-m Liquid Mirror Telescope Project

in European Astronomical Society Newsletter (1999), 17

International and European commitments to the export control of nuclear dual-use items: Do the European Union Member States have any room for manoeuvre?

in Cahiers de Sciences Politiques de l'ULg (2013), 26