In Vivo Tumorigenesis Was Observed after Injection of In Vitro Expanded Neural Crest Stem Cells Isolated from Adult Bone Marrow

in PLoS ONE (2012), 7(10), 46425

Bone marrow stromal cells are adult multipotent cells that represent an attractive tool in cellular therapy strategies. Several studies have reported that in vitro passaging of mesenchymal stem cells ... [more ▼]

Bone marrow stromal cells are adult multipotent cells that represent an attractive tool in cellular therapy strategies. Several studies have reported that in vitro passaging of mesenchymal stem cells alters the functional and biological properties of those cells, leading to the accumulation of genetic aberrations. Recent studies described bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) as mixed populations of cells including mesenchymal (MSC) and neural crest stem cells (NCSC). Here, we report the transformation of NCSC into tumorigenic cells, after in vitro long-term passaging. Indeed, the characterization of 6 neural crest-derived clones revealed the presence of one tumorigenic clone. Transcriptomic analyses of this clone highlighted, among others, numerous cell cycle checkpoint modifications and chromosome 11q down-regulation (suggesting a deletion of chromosome 11q) compared with the other clones. Moreover, unsupervised analysis such as a dendrogram generated after agglomerative hierarchical clustering comparing several transcriptomic data showed important similarities between the tumorigenic neural crest-derived clone and mammary tumor cell lines. Altogether, it appeared that NCSC isolated from adult bone marrow represents a potential danger for cellular therapy, and consequently, we recommend that phenotypic, functional and genetic assays should be performed on bone marrow mesenchymal and neural crest stem cells before in vivo use, to demonstrate whether their biological properties, after ex vivo expansion, remain suitable for clinical application. [less ▲]

(In)sécurités linguistiques francophones en Belgique

Scientific conference (2013, May 15)

(In)Visible Bodies: Rewriting the Politics of Passing in Incognegro, a Graphic Mystery by Mat Johnson and Warren Pleece

Conference (2013, January 03)

How can passing across racial lines be described and conveyed in the comics form? Can the medium develop specific strategies to comment on the themes of transgression and crossing inherent to the trope of ... [more ▼]

How can passing across racial lines be described and conveyed in the comics form? Can the medium develop specific strategies to comment on the themes of transgression and crossing inherent to the trope of passing? This paper shows how the graphic novel Incognegro (2008) goes beyond the traditional socio-historical analysis of passing and plays thematically, generically, and visually with the politics of the trope. Incognegro, set in the US in the early 1930s, depicts a light-skinned African American reporter who passes for white in order to investigate lynchings of blacks in the deep South. Because white papers do not consider these events to be news, the reporter condemns these dreadful acts in the column titled “Incognegro” that he writes for a New York-based newspaper, The New Holland Herald. Thus he risks his life using his “passing abilities” to protect the rights of the community he is trying to defend from white hegemony. In this way, Incognegro challenges the conventional tragic mulatto figure that passes for white to avoid racism and violence or to improve his/her social status. In addition, it echoes the common black trickster figure who practices “masking” to outwit his enemies or opponents, and calls into question the biological, social, and cultural representations of race as perceived by the white dominant group. Here the racial passer functions as an “outsider from within” who can challenge the black vs. white binary model. Moreover, the text subverts narrative paradigms from superhero comics and detective fiction to point out the arbitrariness of racial ideologies and the fallibility of notions of justice and truth. This subversion is further complicated by the comic’s “color free” art (black and white, sans halftones or gray tones), which defies essentialist representations of race. In sum, Incognegro argues that the ambiguities of racial categorization are best represented through a similarly ambiguous literary genre—one that not only challenges generic norms and traditions but also “writes back” to both the mainstream and alternative wings of American comics production. [less ▲]

In-line active content determination of polymeric implant by near infrared spectroscopy

Poster (2011, October)

In-line characterization of heterojunction bipolar transistor base layers by high-resolution x-ray diffraction

in ECS Transactions (2007), 10

The suitability of high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) as an in-line measurement tool for the characterization of heterojunction bipolar transistor SiGe base layers and Si cap layers was ... [more ▼]

The suitability of high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) as an in-line measurement tool for the characterization of heterojunction bipolar transistor SiGe base layers and Si cap layers was investigated. We showed that despite of polycrystalline Si on the mask material of patterned wafers, HRXRD measurements performed on an array of small windows yield results which are comparable to those that were obtained on a window which is larger than the size of the source beam, regarding the thickness and the Ge content of the SiGe layers. The possibility to extract layer parameters for active device windows of different sizes was therefore demonstrated. The suitability of HRXRD for in-line measurement of the Si cap thickness was also assessed and the sensitivity of this technique for determining the substitutional boron concentration in SiGe was studied. The detection limit in the monitoring of the active dopant concentration was about 2.7 × 1019 cm-3. [less ▲]

In-line characterization of heterojunction bipolar transistor base layers by high-resolution x-ray diffraction

Poster (2007)

In-line concentration and enantioseparation of clenbuterol by transient ITP-CE-UV

Poster (1999)

In-orbit diagnostics of EIT EUV CCD radiation-induced aging

in Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series (1997)

In-orbit verification, calibration, and performance of the Heliospheric Imager on the STEREO mission

in Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series (2007)

The Heliospheric Imager (HI) forms part of the SECCHI suite of instruments aboard the two NASA STEREO spacecraft which were launched successfully from Cape Canaveral AFB on 25 Oct 2006 (26 Oct UTC ... [more ▼]

The Heliospheric Imager (HI) forms part of the SECCHI suite of instruments aboard the two NASA STEREO spacecraft which were launched successfully from Cape Canaveral AFB on 25 Oct 2006 (26 Oct UTC). Following lunar swingby's on 15 Dec and 21 Jan respectively, the two spacecraft were placed in heliocentric orbits at approximately 1 AU - one leading and one lagging the Earth, with each spacecraft separating from the Earth by 22.5° per year. Each HI instrument comprises two wide-angle optical cameras - HI-1 and HI-2 have 20° and 70° fields-of-view which are off-pointed from the Sun direction by 14.0° and 53.7° respectively, with the optical axes pointed towards the ecliptic plane. In this way the cameras will for the first time provide stereographic images of the solar corona, and in particular of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) as they propagate outwards through interplanetary space towards the Earth and beyond. The wide-field coverage of HI enables imaging of solar ejecta from 15 to about 330 solar radii whilst the other SECCHI instruments (2 coronagraphs and an EUV imager) provide coverage from the lower corona out to 15 solar radii. This paper briefly reviews the design and performance requirements for the instrument. The various activation, checkout and calibration activities before and after opening the instrument's protective cover or door (instrument 'first-light') are then described and it is shown that the instrument has met the design requirements, including CCD and camera imaging performance, correction for shutterless operation of the cameras, straylight rejection and thermal requirements. It is demonstrated from observations of a CME event on 24-25 Jan 2007 that the instrument is capable of detecting CMEs at an intensity of 1% of the coronal background. Lessons learnt during the design, development and in-orbit operation of the instrument are discussed. [less ▲]

In-plane and out-of-plane holographic interferometry with multibeam photorefractive recordings in sillenite photorefractive crystals

in Delaye, Ph; Denz, C.; Mager, L. (Eds.) Photorefractive Effects, Materials, and Devices (2003, June)

In this paper we present results of the multiple beams recording in photorefractive crystals for multidirectional measurement of object displacement by holographic interferometry. Taking advantage of the ... [more ▼]

In this paper we present results of the multiple beams recording in photorefractive crystals for multidirectional measurement of object displacement by holographic interferometry. Taking advantage of the possibility to record several holograms in the photorefractive crystal without noticeable cross-talk and loss of signal-to-noise ratio, we demonstrate the applicability of this technique to high resolution metrology and nondestructive testing. A first part of the paper is devoted to metrological certification of the process. On the basis of known "in-plane" and "out-of plane" movements, we certify the measurement deconvolution algorithm and error. A second part will concern the measurement of thermo-mechanical composite material properties (Poisson coefficient, ...) with a compact transportable head using double recording illumination [less ▲]