Exteroceptive Silent Period of Temporalis Muscle in Menstrual Headaches

in Cephalalgia : An International Journal of Headache (1991), 11(2), 87-91

The second exteroceptive silent period (ES2) of temporalis muscle was recorded on days 1 and 15 of the menstrual cycle in 17 women, 9 of whom suffered regularly from tension-type headaches during ... [more ▼]

The second exteroceptive silent period (ES2) of temporalis muscle was recorded on days 1 and 15 of the menstrual cycle in 17 women, 9 of whom suffered regularly from tension-type headaches during menstruation. Mean duration of temporalis ES2 was significantly shorter on day 1 of the cycle than on day 15. This difference was due to a marked menstrual reduction of ES2 in the headache subgroup. A positive correlation was found between ES2 durations and oestradiol/progesterone ratios. We hypothesize that the variations of ES2 during the ovarian cycle result from the modulatory effects of oestrogens on descending aminergic pathways that control excitability of inhibitory brainstem interneurons mediating exteroceptive suppression of jaw-closing motoneurons. [less ▲]

Exteroceptive suppression of temporalis muscle activity in chronic headache.

in Neurology (1987), 37(12), 1834-6

Early (ES1) and late (ES2) exteroceptive suppression periods elicited by electrical stimulation of the labial commissure during teeth-clenching were recorded over the temporalis muscle in 45 headache ... [more ▼]

Early (ES1) and late (ES2) exteroceptive suppression periods elicited by electrical stimulation of the labial commissure during teeth-clenching were recorded over the temporalis muscle in 45 headache patients (25 tension headaches and 20 migraines) and 22 controls. Mean duration of ES2 for single shocks was significantly reduced in tension headache when compared with migraine or controls. At a stimulation rate of 2 Hz, ES2 was abolished in 40% of tension headache sufferers, but in none of the migraineurs. EMG analysis of temporalis late exteroceptive suppression might be a helpful diagnostic tool in functional headaches. Reduction of ES2 suggests that there is deficient activation or excessive inhibition of pontobulbar inhibitory interneurons which receive a strong input from limbic structures. ES2 might thus represent an interface between psychogenic and myogenic factors putatively involved in the pathogenesis of tension headache. [less ▲]

Exteroceptive suppression of temporalis muscle activity in various types of headache.

in Headache (1992), 32(1), 41-4

Exteroceptive suppression (ES) of temporalis muscle activity, particularly the multisynaptic ES2, has been reported to be significantly reduced in tension type headache, but not in migraine. We re ... [more ▼]

Exteroceptive suppression (ES) of temporalis muscle activity, particularly the multisynaptic ES2, has been reported to be significantly reduced in tension type headache, but not in migraine. We re-evaluated the methods of optimally analysing the single shock technique and its intra- and inter-individual variability in 26 normal subjects. These data were compared with the results in patients with migraine, post-lumbar puncture headache, headache due to meningitis, tension-type headaches in HIV infection and patients with symptomatic headache of various etiologies. ES2 was absent in about 50% of tension-type headache patients, but only in one normal subject. With the methods used here and when patients with absent ES2 were excluded, mean duration of ES2 was not significantly different between the various groups. It seems therefore necessary, in spite of increased discomfort for patients, to use complementary methods, such as averaging 16-32 responses and applying various stimulation sets, if one wants to increase the potency of temporalis ES2 as a diagnostic and pathophysiologic tool in headache. [less ▲]

Extinction debt and colonization credit: When both phenomena are integrated

Conference (2010)

Calcareous grasslands are among the most species-rich ecosystems in temperate countries. These ecosystems suffered a high fragmentation process during the last century. Fragmentation can lead to the ... [more ▼]

Calcareous grasslands are among the most species-rich ecosystems in temperate countries. These ecosystems suffered a high fragmentation process during the last century. Fragmentation can lead to the creation of an extinction debt in remaining habitat patches. In our study site, it was shown in a previous study that Fragmented habitat patches (area loss since 1965 >80%) exhibited an extinction debt in comparison to Stable habitat patches (area loss since 1965 <80%). However, human activities also created new habitat patches in the landscape and provided therefore opportunities for calcareous grassland plant species to colonize new sites. They also provide opportunities for studying species colonization abilities in the context of habitat restoration. We analyzed species richness in these new patches in comparison to old patches in order to detect colonization credit. When taking as reference Fragmented patches (that exhibit an extinction debt) or all old patches (Fragmented and Stable), we concluded to the occurrence of a colonization credit in New patches. However, when the reference is Stable patches (the less likely to exhibit an extinction debt) alone, no colonization credit could be detected. Moreover, correspondence analysis revealed that New patches were similar to old patches in term of species composition. These results are encouraging for restoration programs. They also showed that the presence of an extinction debt in reference habitats can lead to mistaken conclusion in restoration monitoring. Extinction debt occurrence should be taken into account in the choice of reference habitats for evaluation of restoration success. [less ▲]

L’extinction des servitudes : de nuances en précisions

in Journal des Tribunaux (2007)

Les servitudes du fait de l'homme peuvent s'éteindre par non usage trentenaire, celui-ci pouvant d'ailleurs être partiel. L'article étudie ce phénomène d'extinction, en le comparant à d'autres et ... [more ▼]

Les servitudes du fait de l'homme peuvent s'éteindre par non usage trentenaire, celui-ci pouvant d'ailleurs être partiel. L'article étudie ce phénomène d'extinction, en le comparant à d'autres et, notamment, à l'extinction judiciaire d'une servitude pour cause de perte de toute utilité. [less ▲]

Extra-solar planet imaging: ground vs space based coronagraphs

Conference (2010, October 28)

In the context of exoplanet detection, a large majority of the 400 detected exoplanets have been found by indirect methods. Today, progress in the field of high contrast and angular resolution imaging has ... [more ▼]

In the context of exoplanet detection, a large majority of the 400 detected exoplanets have been found by indirect methods. Today, progress in the field of high contrast and angular resolution imaging has allowed direct images of several exoplanetary systems to be taken (cf. HR 8799, Fomalhaut and β Pic). In the near future, several new instruments are going to dramatically improve our sensitivity to exoplanet detection. Among these, SPHERE (Spectro Polarimetric High contrast Exoplanet REsearch) at the VLT, MIRI (Mid Infra-Red Instrument) onboard JWST and EPICS at the ELT will be equipped with coronagraphs to reveal faint objects in the vicinity of nearby stars. We made use of the Lyon group (COND) evolutionary models of young (sub-)stellar objects and exoplanets to compare the sensitivities of these different instruments using their estimated coronagraphic profiles. From this comparison, we present a catalogue of targets which are particularly well suited for the different instruments. [less ▲]

Extra-Terrestrial Observations: Reports of national space-research programs 381

in Transactions of the International Astronomical Union. Series B, Proceedings of the general assembly (1962), 11

Extracellular amygdala excitatory and inhibitory amino acids change after acute ethanol administration

in Alcohol & Alcoholism (1995), 30

Extracellular amygdala taurine can be conditioned to stimuli associated with ethanol

in Alcoholism, Clinical & Experimental Research (1996), 20

The extracellular chaperone clusterin potently inhibits human lysozyme amyloid formation by interacting with prefibrillar species

in Journal of Molecular Biology (2007), 369

We have studied the effects of the extracellular molecular chaperone, clusterin, on the in vitro aggregation of mutational variants of human lysozyme, including one associated with familial amyloid ... [more ▼]

We have studied the effects of the extracellular molecular chaperone, clusterin, on the in vitro aggregation of mutational variants of human lysozyme, including one associated with familial amyloid disease. The aggregation of the amyloidogenic variant I56T is inhibited significantly at clusterin to lysozyme ratios as low as 1:80 (i.e. one clusterin molecule per 80 lysozyme molecules). Experiments indicate that under the conditions where inhibition of aggregation occurs, clusterin does not bind detectably to the native or fibrillar states of lysozyme, or to the monomeric transient intermediate known to be a key species in the aggregation reaction. Rather, it seems to interact with oligomeric species that are present at low concentrations during the lag (nucleation) phase of the aggregation reaction. This behavior suggests that clusterin, and perhaps other extracellular chaperones, could have a key role in curtailing the potentially pathogenic effects of the misfolding and aggregation of proteins that, like lysozyme, are secreted into the extracellular environment. [less ▲]