Exercise-induced oxidative stress in overweight adolescent girls: roles of basal insulin resistance and inflammation and oxygen overconsumption.

in International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders (2009), 33(4), 447-55

HYPOTHESIS: Basal insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation exacerbate post-exercise oxidative stress (OS) in overweight adolescent girls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, effect of incremental ergocycle ... [more ▼]

HYPOTHESIS: Basal insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation exacerbate post-exercise oxidative stress (OS) in overweight adolescent girls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, effect of incremental ergocycle exercise until exhaustion on OS markers. PARTICIPANTS: Normal-weight (control) (n=17, body mass index (BMI): 20-24.2 kg/m(2)) and overweight adolescent girls (n=29, BMI: 24.1-36.6 kg/m(2)). MEASUREMENTS: Dietary measurement, physical activity assessment (validated questionnaires), fat distribution parameters (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Blood assays include the following: (1) at fasting state: blood cell count, lipid profile, and IR parameters (leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A), homeostasis model assessment of IR, insulin/glucose ratio; (2) before exercise: inflammation and OS markers (interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG), 15 F(2)alpha-isoprostanes (F(2)-Isop), lipid hydroperoxides (ROOH), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)) and antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene); and (3) after exercise: inflammation and OS markers. RESULTS: At rest, overweight girls had a deteriorated lipid profile and significantly higher values of IR parameters and inflammation markers, compared with the control girls. These alterations were associated with a moderate rest OS state (lower GSH/GSSG ratio, alpha-tocopherol/total cholesterol (TC) ratio and GPX activity). In absolute values, overweight girls exhibited higher peak power output and oxygen consumption (VO2peak), compared with the control girls. Exercise exacerbated OS only in the overweight group (significant increase in F(2)-Isop, ROOH and MPO). As hypothesized, basal IR and inflammation state were correlated with the post-exercise OS. However, the adjustment of F(2)-Isop, ROOH and MPO variation per exercise VO(2) variation canceled the intergroup differences. CONCLUSION: In overweight adolescent girls, the main factors of OS, after incremental exhaustive exercise, are not the basal IR and inflammation states, but oxygen overconsumption. [less ▲]

Exercise-induced pulmonary perfusion redistribution in heaves

in Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement (2002), 34(suppl), 478-484

This study aimed to compare exercise-induced pulmonary perfusion redistribution in healthy vs. 'heavey' horses using scintigraphy, a minimally invasive technique. Six healthy (A) and 5 'heavey' horses in ... [more ▼]

This study aimed to compare exercise-induced pulmonary perfusion redistribution in healthy vs. 'heavey' horses using scintigraphy, a minimally invasive technique. Six healthy (A) and 5 'heavey' horses in remission (B(I)) and during clinical signs of disease (B(II)) were investigated. Dimensions of the exercising pulmonary perfusion (QE) images were expressed in percent of the resting perfusion (QR) images. Computed QE to QR ratios (QE/QR) images enabled the definition of the region more perfused at exercise than at rest (R1). In all groups, exercise induced a major enlargement of the Q image but a larger increase of the lung height was found in 'heavey' horses. Compared to A, 'heavey' horses showed a larger R1 region with a significantly higher QE/QR. Location of R1 pointed out the dorsal lung region as a major site of pulmonary perfusion redistribution for all groups. This work demonstrated (1) the feasibility of using scintigraphy for studying exercise-induced pulmonary perfusion redistribution; (2) perfusion redistribution to the dorsal lung with exercise and (3) an intensified redistribution in 'heavey' horses, either clinically affected or not. [less ▲]

Exérèse microchirurgicale atraumatique intranodulaire d'un schwanome bénin du sciatique poplité externe

in Actualités chirurgicales - 81ème Congrès Fr. Chirurgie, Orthopédie, Traumatologie (1980)

Exfoliated polylactide/clay nanocomposites by in-situ coordination-insertion polymerization

in Macromolecular Rapid Communications (2003), 24(9), 561-566

Poly(L-lactide)/layered aluminosilicate nanocomposites were synthesized in bulk by ring-opening polymerization in the presence of two organo-modified montmorillonites. When the organo-modifier consisted ... [more ▼]

Poly(L-lactide)/layered aluminosilicate nanocomposites were synthesized in bulk by ring-opening polymerization in the presence of two organo-modified montmorillonites. When the organo-modifier consisted of an ammonium cation bearing primary hydroxyl groups, polymerization was initiated by the alcohol functions after adequate activation. The growing polymer chains were directly "grafted" onto the clay surface through the hydroxyl-functionalized ammonium cations yielding exfoliated nano-composites with enhanced thermal stability. [less ▲]

Exforge® (amlodipine/valsartan combination) in hypertension: the evidence of its therapeutic impact

in Core Evidence (2008), 3(2), 117-126

Abstract Introduction: Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and its management requires improvement. New treatment strategies are needed. Aims: This review analyses one of ... [more ▼]

Abstract Introduction: Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and its management requires improvement. New treatment strategies are needed. Aims: This review analyses one of these strategies, which is the development of effective and safe combination therapy. Indeed, at least two antihypertensive agents are often needed to achieve blood pressure control. Exforge® (Novartis) is a new drug combination of the calcium channel blocker, amlodipine, and the angiotensin II receptor blocker, valsartan. Evidence review: The amlodipine/valsartan combination is an association of two well-known antihypertensive products with specific targets in cardiovascular protection, namely calcium channel blockade and antagonism of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. This kind of association, with neutral metabolic properties and significant antihypertensive efficacy, could be a useful new antihypertensive product. Currently available data have shown that this new combination is well-tolerated and effective even in severe hypertension. Clinical value: Clinical trials are ongoing for further assessment of the efficacy, compliance, and safety of this combination and its congeners. No data exist to prove that the amlodipine/valsartan combination is better than other antihypertensive strategies for cardiovascular or renal protection, but some trials with other combination therapies show such potential advantage. [less ▲]

Exhaled nitric oxide thresholds associated with a sputum eosinophil count >=3% in a cohort of unselected patients with asthma.

in Thorax (2010), 65(12), 1039-1044

Background It has been claimed that exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) could be regarded as a surrogate marker for sputum eosinophil count in patients with asthma. However, the FeNO threshold value that ... [more ▼]

Background It has been claimed that exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) could be regarded as a surrogate marker for sputum eosinophil count in patients with asthma. However, the FeNO threshold value that identifies a sputum eosinophil count >/=3% in an unselected population of patients with asthma has been poorly studied. Methods This retrospective study was conducted in 295 patients with asthma aged 15-84 years recruited from the asthma clinic of University Hospital of Liege. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between sputum eosinophil count and FeNO, taking into account covariates such as inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), smoking, atopy, age and sex. Results Derived from the ROC curve, FeNO >/=41 ppb gave 65% sensitivity and 79% specificity (AUC=0.777, p=0.0001) for identifying a sputum eosinophil count >/=3%. Using logistic regression analysis, a threshold of 42 ppb was found to discriminate between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma (p<0.0001). Patients receiving high doses of ICS (>/=1000 mug beclometasone) had a significantly lower FeNO threshold (27 ppb) than the rest of the group (48 ppb, p<0.05). Atopy also significantly altered the threshold (49 ppb for atopic vs 30 ppb for non-atopic patients, p<0.05) and there was a trend for a lower threshold in smokers (27 ppb) compared with non-smokers (46 ppb, p=0.066). Age and sex did not affect the relationship between FeNO and sputum eosinophilia. When combining all variables into the logistic model, FeNO (p<0.0001), high-dose ICS (p<0.05) and smoking (p<0.05) were independent predictors of sputum eosinophilia, while there was a trend for atopy (p=0.086). Conclusion FeNO is able to identify a sputum eosinophil count >/=3% with reasonable accuracy and thresholds which vary according to dose of ICS, smoking and atopy. [less ▲]

Exhaustion of blood glucose response and enhancement of insulin response after repeated glucagon injections in type-2 diabetes: potentiation by progressive hyperglycemia.

in Annales d'Endocrinologie (1996), 57(5), 395-402

AIMS: To investigate the hyperglycemic and insulinemic response to repeated glucagon injections in Type-2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. METHODS: In overnight fasted Type-2 diabetic patients ... [more ▼]

AIMS: To investigate the hyperglycemic and insulinemic response to repeated glucagon injections in Type-2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. METHODS: In overnight fasted Type-2 diabetic patients, three i.v. glucagon (1 mg) injections were given as a bolus at two-hour intervals. In the hour preceding each glucagon injection, 6 patients received saline and they were tested at near-baseline blood glucose levels, while 8 patients received a glucose-controlled glucose infusion and they were tested at increasing blood glucose levels (7.5 +/- 0.2, 12.9 +/- 0.5 and 18.7 +/- 0.7 mmol/l). Blood samples were collected at 0, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min after each glucagon injection. RESULTS: In the patients tested at near-baseline blood glucose levels, the blood glucose rise induced by glucagon was smaller after repeated injections. By contrast, the B-cell response to glucagon was well preserved. In the patients tested at increasing blood glucose levels, the blood glucose response to glucagon was abolished after repeated injections. By contrast, the B-cell response was significantly potentiated. The respective areas under the curve of plasma insulin levels in response to glucagon were 563 +/- 72, 1047 +/- 154 and 1844 +/- 305 m U x 30 min/l (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In Type-2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, repeated glucagon injections, even when administered in a short (4 h) period of time, do not exhaust the B-cell. Endogenous insulin secretion is even potentiated at increasing blood glucose levels. By contrast, the hyperglycemic response to glucagon is significantly abolished, particularly at high blood glucose levels. [less ▲]

Exigences bioclimatiques du veau à la naissance

Article for general public (1985)

Exigences climatiques et modes de logement des veaux d'élevage

in Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire (1984), 128

Existe-il une hiérarchie des valeurs européennes ?

Scientific conference (2008, June 04)