Excitability of visual V1-V2 and motor cortices to single transcranial magnetic stimuli in migraine: a reappraisal using a figure-of-eight coil.

in Cephalalgia : An International Journal of Headache (2003), 23(4), 264-70

We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a figure-of-eight coil to excite motor and visual V1-V2 cortices in patients suffering from migraine without (MO) (n = 24) or with aura (MA) (n = 13 ... [more ▼]

We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a figure-of-eight coil to excite motor and visual V1-V2 cortices in patients suffering from migraine without (MO) (n = 24) or with aura (MA) (n = 13) and in healthy volunteers (HV) (n = 33). Patients who had a migraine attack within 3 days before or after the recordings were excluded. All females were recorded at mid-cycle. Single TMS pulses over the occipital cortex elicited phosphenes in 64% of HV, 63% of MO and 69% of MA patients. Compared with HV, the phosphene threshold was significantly increased in MO (P = 0.001) and in MA (P = 0.007), but there was no difference between the two groups of migraineurs. The motor threshold tended to be higher in both migraine groups than in HV, but the differences were not significant. In conclusion, this study shows that two-thirds (64.86%) of patients affected by either migraine type present an increased phosphene threshold in the interictal period, which suggests that their visual cortex is hypoexcitable. [less ▲]

Excitation of the FUV Io tail on Jupiter: Characterization of the electron precipitation

in Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics (2002), 107(A11),

[1] Spectral observation of both polar regions of Jupiter in the far ultraviolet (FUV) obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), on board the Hubble Space Telescope from July 1997 to ... [more ▼]

[1] Spectral observation of both polar regions of Jupiter in the far ultraviolet (FUV) obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), on board the Hubble Space Telescope from July 1997 to January 2001 have been combined with FUV images to map the FUV color ratio along the STIS slit. Spatially resolved spectra of the aurora carried at similar to12 Angstrom resolution have been used to determine the amount of methane absorption as measured by the FUV color ratio of the Io magnetic footprint and its trailing tail. It is found that the absorption is systematically less than in the main polar aurora, indicating a higher altitude source region. The color ratio of the north tail is shown to slowly decrease downstream from the footprint. The combination of these spectral data with a two-stream model of the interaction of energetic electrons with the Jovian thermosphere indicates that the mean energy of the electrons creating the north FUV emission ranges from similar to55 keV at the Io footprint to similar to40 keV, 20 degrees downstream in the tail. In parallel, the incident electron energy flux drops by a factor similar to6 over the same angular distance. These observations are consistent with the steady state slippage picture where the subcorotating flux tube is accelerated very slowly up to corotation owing to the nonideal coupling. It is argued that small deviations from corotation can supply sufficient energy to fuel the observed auroral emissions. It is suggested that the parallel electric field accelerating electrons out of the flux tube only moderately depends on the time elapsed since the contact with Io, although the mapping between a point in the tail and Io is very uncertain in the presence of magnetic field line slippage. [less ▲]

Excitation spectrum of FE2+ in a tetrahedral potential - Dynamic Jahn-Teller effect

in Physical Review. B : Condensed Matter (1995)

Excited [70,l(+)] baryons in large N-c QCD

in Physics Letters B (2005), 631(1-2), 7-15

The masses of the positive parity [70, 0(+)] and [70, 2(+)] non-strange baryons are calculated in large N-c QCD by considering the most dominant operators in an 1/N-c expansion. The approach is based on ... [more ▼]

The masses of the positive parity [70, 0(+)] and [70, 2(+)] non-strange baryons are calculated in large N-c QCD by considering the most dominant operators in an 1/N-c expansion. The approach is based on the introduction of an excited core, obtained after the last particle (an excited quark) has been removed. Configuration mixing is neglected, for simplicity. Although being a sub-leading 1/Nc order, we find that the spin-spin interaction plays a dominant role in describing the data. The role of No operators is also pointed out. We show how the contribution of the linear term in Nc, of the spin-spin and of the spin-orbit terms vary with the excitation energy. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [less ▲]

Excited human chondrocytes can produce oxygen derived free radicals and hydrogen peroxide

Conference (1991, September 13)

Excited states of gaseous ions. Transition to and predissociation of the C2 sigma U+ state of N2+

in Chemical Physics Letters (1972), 16

Exclusion de l'assurance chômage et réinsertion sur le marché du travail

Report (2000)

Exclusion en Science humaine – Exclusion en Province de Liège

Conference given outside the academic context (2005)

L'exclusion et le retrait non-judiciaires dans les sociétés à responsabilité limitée

in Droit des Affaires : Revue Internationale du Droit des Affaires = Ondernemingsrecht : Internationaal Tijdschrift voor Ondernemingsrecht [= DA OR] (2007)

Exclusion of farmers as a consequence of quality certification and standardisation

in Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes (2005), 64

During the past decades, Belgian and European agriculture encountered several crises and as a result, food safety and quality have become governmental issues. This has led to vertical coordination and the ... [more ▼]

During the past decades, Belgian and European agriculture encountered several crises and as a result, food safety and quality have become governmental issues. This has led to vertical coordination and the appearance of quality conventions between links in the food supply chain. In practice, the quality conventions initiated by changed institutional settings turned out to be compulsory. This research aims to assess the exclusion-effect of this process and this is undertaken through data-analysis concerning farmers' participation in certification initiatives and homogeneity analysis. The results of a survey concerning 319 Belgian farmers show that 25% of the farmers are not involved in any initiative of quality improvement. They are significantly older and less educated, but have also very little access to farmers' organisations and extension. Their gross margin is lower in comparison with participants; they are more oriented to one specialisation and are less labour intensive. The combination of these elements can be seen as a constraint to enter initiatives and as a probable danger to exclude the concerned farmers from the market. This paper further elaborates upon these results, but also studies farmers' opinion regarding laws, contracts and labels. Finally, some recommendations towards public policies are made. [less ▲]