   Dike-break induced flows: a simplified modelStilmant, Frédéric  ; Pirotton, Michel ; Archambeau, Pierre et alin Environmental Fluid Mechanics (2013), 13(1), 89-100 A simplified model for the prediction of the steady-state outflowthrough a breach in an inland dike is presented. It consists in the application of the mass and momentum conservation principles to a ... [more ▼] A simplified model for the prediction of the steady-state outflowthrough a breach in an inland dike is presented. It consists in the application of the mass and momentum conservation principles to a macroscopic control volume. A proper definition of the shape of the control volume enables to take the main characteristics of the flow into account and thus to compensate for the extreme simplification of the spatial representation of the model. At the breach, a relation derived from the shallow-water equations is used to determine the direction of the flow. Developments have been guided by numerical simulations and results have been compared to experimental data. Both the accuracy and the domain of validity of the simplified model are found satisfactory. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 46 (12 ULg)Experimental and numerical analysis of flow instabilities in rectangular shallow basinsDewals, Benjamin ; ; Erpicum, Sébastien et alin Environmental Fluid Mechanics (2008), 8(1), 31-54 Free surface flows in several shallow rectangular basins have been analyzed experimentally, numerically and theoretically. Different geometries, characterized by different widths and lengths, are ... [more ▼] Free surface flows in several shallow rectangular basins have been analyzed experimentally, numerically and theoretically. Different geometries, characterized by different widths and lengths, are considered as well as different hydraulic conditions. First, the results of a series of experimental tests are briefly depicted. They reveal that, under clearly identified hydraulic and geometrical conditions, the flow pattern is found to become nonsymmetric, in spite of the symmetrical inflow conditions, outflow conditions and geometry of the basin. This non-symmetric motion results from the growth of small disturbances actually present in the experimental initial and boundary conditions. Second, numerical simulations are conducted based on a depth-averaged approach and a finite volume scheme. The simulation results reproduce the global pattern of the flow observed experimentally and succeed in predicting the stability or instability of a symmetric flow pattern for all tested configurations. Finally, an analytical study provides mathematical insights into the conditions under which the symmetric flow pattern becomes unstable and clarifies the governing physical processes. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 92 (56 ULg) On the behaviour of the residence time at the bottom of the mixed layer; Beckers, Jean-Marie ; Delhez, Eric in Environmental Fluid Mechanics (2006), 6(6), 541-547 To understand why the findings of Deleersnijder et al. [(2006), Environ Fluid Mech 6: 25-42]-the residence time in the mixed layer in not necessarily zero at the pycnocline-are consistent with those of ... [more ▼] To understand why the findings of Deleersnijder et al. [(2006), Environ Fluid Mech 6: 25-42]-the residence time in the mixed layer in not necessarily zero at the pycnocline-are consistent with those of Delhez and Deleersnijder [(2006), Ocean Dyn 56:139-150]-the residence time in a control domain vanishes at the open boundaries of this control domain-, it is necessary to consider a control domain that includes part of the pycnocline, in which the eddy diffusivity is assumed to be zero. Then, depending on the behaviour of the eddy diffusivity near the bottom of the mixed layer, the residence time may be seen to exhibit a discontinuity at the interface between the mixed layer and the pycnocline. If such a discontinuity exists, the residence time is non-zero in the former and zero in the latter. This is illustrated by analytical solutions obtained under the assumption that the eddy diffusivity is constant in the mixed layer. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 20 (8 ULg)The residence time of settling particles in the surface mixed layer; Beckers, Jean-Marie ; Delhez, Eric in Environmental Fluid Mechanics (2006), 6(1), 25-42 The transport from the upper mixed layer into the pycnocline of particles with negative buoyancy is considered. Assuming the hydrodynamic parameters to be time-independent, an adjoint model is resorted to ... [more ▼] The transport from the upper mixed layer into the pycnocline of particles with negative buoyancy is considered. Assuming the hydrodynamic parameters to be time-independent, an adjoint model is resorted to that provides a general expression of the residence time in the mixed layer of the constituent under study. It is seen that the residence time decreases as the settling velocity increases or the diffusivity decreases. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the residence time must be larger than z/w and smaller than h/w, where z, h and w denote the distance to the pycnocline, the thickness of the mixed layer and the sinking velocity. In the vicinity of the pycnocline, the residence time is not necessarily zero; its behaviour critically depends on the eddy diffusivity pro. le in this region. Closed-form solutions are obtained for constant and quadratic diffusivity profiles, which allows for an analysis of the sensitivity of the residence time to the Peclet number. Finally, an approximate value is suggested of the depth-averaged value of the residence time. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 47 (11 ULg) |
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