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See detailEmissions de vapeur d’eau et bilan azoté lors de l’élevage de porcelets sevrés sur litière accumulée de sciure
Nicks, Baudouin ULg; Laitat, Martine ULg; Vandenheede, Marc ULg et al

in Annales de Zootechnie (2000), 49

Five batches of a total of 180 weaned pigs were reared successively in an experimental room on 30 cm deep litter without cleaning between the batches. The litter was a mixture of sawdust from coniferous ... [more ▼]

Five batches of a total of 180 weaned pigs were reared successively in an experimental room on 30 cm deep litter without cleaning between the batches. The litter was a mixture of sawdust from coniferous and beech trees. Water was added to the Litter every 10 days to lower the dust concentration in the room. The total amounts of sawdust and water used were respectively 21.3 kg per pig and 10.21 per pig. The mean temperature of the litter at 20 cm depth recorded during each of the 5 periods varied from 32.5 degrees C to 41.8 degrees C. The average liveweight of the pigs at the beginning and at the end of the post-weaning period was respectively 7.9 +/- 1.2 kg and 24.5 +/- 4.2 kg. The average daily gain was 392 +/- 87 g. The temperature and the relative humidity of the air inside and outside the experimental room and the ventilation rate were continuously recorded in order to calculate the water vapour emission for each batch. The amount of water vapour produced was significantly correlated to the water consumption of the pigs and reached an average of 1 732 g per pig per day. This amount is 36% greater than the reference used for pigs on slatted floors. This value may be used as a reference to calculate the minimum ventilation rate for piggeries with pigs on sawdust deep litters. The amount of compost produced was 19.9 kg per pig with a dry matter content of 44.7%. The amount of nitrogen in the compost was 231 g per pig which is about 50% lower than the reference used for the slurry. The volatile nitrogen emissions are thus much higher from composts than from slurries [less ▲]

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See detailComparaison de l'utilisation de sciure ou d'un mélange paille-sciure comme substrat de litière accumulée pour porcs charcutiers
Nicks, Baudouin ULg; Desiron, A.; Canart, B.

in Annales de Zootechnie (1998), 47(2), 107-116

Two similar rooms were used to keep pigs on deep litter, one room with pigs on sawdust (litter S) and the other with pigs on a mixture of straw and sawdust with 50% dry matter (DM) of each material ... [more ▼]

Two similar rooms were used to keep pigs on deep litter, one room with pigs on sawdust (litter S) and the other with pigs on a mixture of straw and sawdust with 50% dry matter (DM) of each material (litter PS). Three batches of 17 pigs were reared in each room over the 14-month period of experiment. The deep litters were started with a bedding of about 30 cm. Afterwards the amounts of litters used were adjusted to keep the pigs clean. Each week the litter S was manually aerated and manure incorporated in the litter. This work was not per formed with the litter PS. Both temperatures, relative humidities and ventilation rates were similar in the two rooms. The temperatures in the litters were continuously recorded. Ammonia concentrations were measured once a week using 8-h diffusion tubes. Electrochemical probes were occasionally used to measure the NH3 concentrations continuously, at l-h intervals, during 1-week periods. NO concentrations were measured dul-ing all the experimental period with electrochemical probes. At the end of the experiment the amounts of litter DM used per pig were of 32 kg with the litter S and 40 kg with the litter PS. The litter temperatures measured at 20 cm depth varied between 30 and 37 degrees C. Heat evaporated the dung water and the DM content of the composts produced staid above 50%. The amounts of compost produced per fattening pig were of 127 kg with the litter S and of 157 kg with the litter PS. Corresponding amounts of N in the composts were of 1.38 and 1.92 kg/pig, respectively. NH3 emission was lower from litter S than from litter PS but small increases of NH3 concentration until 50 ppm were observed during the work of aeration. Adding new litter decreased the emissions. NO emissions were only observed with the litter S, during the aeration period. Pig performance and carcass qualities were not affected by the litter mate. [less ▲]

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See detailInfluence du stade de maturité de la plante de maïs récoltée pour ensilage sur la composition, la digestibilité apparente, les caractéristiques de fermentation dans le rumen et les performances zootechniques chez le taurillon
Mayombo, Asangule Pierre; Dufrasne, Isabelle ULg; Hornick, Jean-Luc ULg et al

in Annales de Zootechnie (1997), 46

Un maïs plante entière a été ensilé à trois stades de maturité différents (S1, S2, S3) correspondant à des teneurs respectives en matière sèche de 25,1 (S1), 29,8 (S2) et 32,3 % (S3). La production de ... [more ▼]

Un maïs plante entière a été ensilé à trois stades de maturité différents (S1, S2, S3) correspondant à des teneurs respectives en matière sèche de 25,1 (S1), 29,8 (S2) et 32,3 % (S3). La production de matière sèche s'élevait à 10,7 ; 11,1 et 11,7 tonnes par hectare. Chacun de ces ensilages, distribué à des taureaux à l'engraissement, a été supplémenté par des pulpes séchées, du tourteau de soja, des sels minéraux et des vitamines. Le stade de maturité n'a pas affecté les teneurs en cendres, cendres insolubles, extrait éthéré ou protéines ; cependant une réduction significative de la teneur en fibre ADF a été enregistrée avec S3. La digestibilité de la matière sèche et de la matière organique de la ration mesurée in vivo sur des taureaux en cages à bilan ainsi que celle du maïs ensilage n'ont pas été non plus influencées par le stade de maturité. En revanche, la digestibilité de la fibre ADF a été significativement plus faible pour S3 par rapport à S1 et S2 (62,1 vs 67,2 ou 65,6 %, p < 0,05 pour la ration; 54,1 vs 63,3 ou 60,7 %, p < 0,001 pour le maïs). Quant aux potentialités du rumen à dégrader les aliments, il est à noter que la dégradabilité totale par la méthode in sacco des différents composants testés a été supérieure dans le rumen des animaux qui recevaient le maïs à teneur en matière sèche élevée. Il n'y a pas eu d'effets significatifs du stade de maturité sur les performances animales durant un essai de 5,5 mois dans le cas d'une alimentation ad libitum. A partir de l'indice de consommation, du gain total de poids vif et de la production de matière sèche par hectare, il était possible d'estimer que 13,8, 14,2 et 15,7 taurillons pouvaient être engraissés respectivement à partir des ensilages de maïs S1, S2 et S3 produits par ha. [less ▲]

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See detailIncorporation of rapeseed meal extracted by pressure in a diet for growing fattening bulls .1. Intake, digestibility and fermentation in the rumen
Mayombo, A. P.; Baldwin, Paule ULg; Wathelet, Jean-Paul ULg et al

in Annales de Zootechnie (1997), 46(1), 57-70

Intake, digestibility, degradation kinetic and fermentation were studied with bulls offered fattening diets with four different incorporation rates of rapeseed meal obtained by pressure; the ether extract ... [more ▼]

Intake, digestibility, degradation kinetic and fermentation were studied with bulls offered fattening diets with four different incorporation rates of rapeseed meal obtained by pressure; the ether extract content was 8.6% and the glucosinolate content 17,6 mu molg. The control diet was made of sugar beet pulp, cereals, soya bean meal and linseed meal. In the three other diets, nitrogen from rapeseed meal provided 33, 66 or 100% of nitrogen from soya bean meal or linseed meal. The intakes of the control diet were 94.3 +/- 7.3 g/kg metabolic body weight. Intakes were maintained high in the diet with 33, 66 or 100% of protein from rapeseed meal at 93.5 +/- 7.7; 93.0 +/- 5.0 and 93.5 +/- 7.7 g/kg, respectively. The apparent digestibility of rapeseed meal in the ration containing only rapeseed meal was high at 74.9 +/- 1.9% for dry matter, 76.5 +/- 2.1% for organic matter, 69.9 +/- 3.9% for nitrogen, 59.1 +/- 4.8% for ADF and 74.6 +/- 6.9% for ether extract. Dry matter of rapeseed meal was less degradable (57.8 +/- 5.0%) than that of soya bean meal (65.5 +/- 2.6%) or of linseed meal (61.6 +/- 4.2%) but was not as well protected than that of protected soya bean meal (43.6 +/- 2.6%) (P < 0.001). Similar trends were observed for the degradability of nitrogen (P < 0.001). Ether extract of rapeseed meal was more degradable than that of linseed meal (P < 0.001). There were no significant effects of the incorporation rate of rapeseed meal on the pH in the rumen. The fermentations were mainly of the acetate type with usual concentrations of propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids, glucose or alpha amino nitrogen. Ammonia concentration was higher with the control diet and lower with the diet with 100% of protein from rapeseed meal. Fatty acids of rapeseed meal were more protected against saturation by the rumen microorganisms than in linseed meal. [less ▲]

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See detailIncorporation of rapeseed meal extracted by pressure in a diet for growing fattening bulls .2. Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in the rumen
Wathelet, Jean-Paul ULg; Istasse, Louis ULg; Mayombo, A. P. et al

in Annales de Zootechnie (1997), 46(1), 71-79

Eight bulls from the Belgian Blue breed were offered diets in which soya bean meal and linseed meal were substituted by rapeseed meal (variety Samourai) in order to provide, respectively, 33, 66 and 100 ... [more ▼]

Eight bulls from the Belgian Blue breed were offered diets in which soya bean meal and linseed meal were substituted by rapeseed meal (variety Samourai) in order to provide, respectively, 33, 66 and 100% of the protein. The glucosinolate content was equal to 17.6 mu mol/g dry matter. Analyses of wet residues from rapeseed meal incubated in the rumen showed a rapid decrease of the glucosinolate content which disappeared after 5 h of incubation. The 3-hydroxypent-4-enenitrile, the but-3-enylisothiocyanate and the 5-vinyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione antinutritional factors obtained from the glucosinolates were identified by GC-MS during the first 5 h. The 3-phenylpropanenitrile, the 3-methylindol, the 2-phenylacetic and 3-phenylpropanoic acids were also present in the residues and in the rumen. Although high sensitivity of the methods were used, no glucosinolates and their direct breakdown products were detected in the liquid and the solid content of the rumen. [less ▲]

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See detailMeasurements of microbial N flow to the duodenum and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in bulls.
Beckers, Yves ULg; Thewis, André ULg; Sohy, Christophe et al

in Annales de Zootechnie (1995), 44

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See detailUtilisation de la paille dans des rations d'engraissement: ingestion, dynamique de la digestion et cinétique de dégradabilité dans le rumen
Mayombo, Asangule Pierre; Van Eenaeme, Christian ULg; Gauthier, Sabine et al

in Annales de Zootechnie (1995), 44

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See detailComposition chimique et valeur nutritionnelle pour les ruminants des pulpes de chicorées.
Verheggen, Jannick; Thewis, André ULg; Moureaux, Jean-Marie et al

in Annales de Zootechnie (1994, March), 43(3), 243

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See detailComposition chimique et valeur nutritionnelle pour les ruminants d'un ensilage de mycélium d'Aspergillus niger.
Thewis, André ULg; Petit, Pascal

in Annales de Zootechnie (1994), 43(3), 242

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