  Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Cameroonian hospitals; MELIN, Pierrette  ; et alin European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology (2013), 32(1), 79-87 Abstract Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-produc- ing Enterobacteriaceae have been described worldwide, but there are few reports on the carriage of these bacteria in Cameroon. In order to investigate ... [more ▼] Abstract Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-produc- ing Enterobacteriaceae have been described worldwide, but there are few reports on the carriage of these bacteria in Cameroon. In order to investigate the types of ESBLs and to analyse some risk factors associated with ESBL carriage, faecal samples were collected between 3 January and 3 April 2009 from hospitalised patients at Yaounde Central Hospital and at two hospitals in Ngaoundere, Cameroon. Enterobacterial isolates resistant to third-generation cepha- losporins were screened for ESBL production using the double-disk synergy test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were performed in order to find out the different types of ESBL genes in presumptive ESBL- positive isolates. During the study period, a total of 121 different patients were screened for ESBL carriage. The prevalence among these patients whose faecal samples were found to contain ESBL-producers was 55.3 % (67/121). According to a univariate analysis, hospitalisation during the previous year was found to be associated with ESBL carriage. Of the 71 bacteria isolated, Escherichia coli was predominant and represented 48 % of all isolates. ESBL characterisation revealed two types of ESBLs, CTX-M-15 (96 %) and SHV-12 (4 %). The present study emphasises the importance of screening for ESBLs in laboratories in Afri- can countries. The monitoring and detection of ESBL- producing bacteria are important in the setting up of appro- priate treatment of patients and to ensure effective infection control efforts. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 28 (5 ULg)Prevention of group B streptococcal neonatal disease revisited. The DEVANI European project; ; et al in European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology (2012) The purpose of this paper was to present the current knowledge on the prevention of group B streptococcus (GBS)neonatal infections and the status of prevention policies in European countries and to ... [more ▼] The purpose of this paper was to present the current knowledge on the prevention of group B streptococcus (GBS)neonatal infections and the status of prevention policies in European countries and to present the DEVANI pan-European program, launched in 2008. The aim of this program was to assess the GBS neonatal infection burden in Europe, to design a new vaccine to immunize neonates against GBS infections, to improve the laboratory performance for the diagnosis of GBS colonization and infection, and to improve the methods for the typing of GBS strains. The current guidelines for GBS prevention in different countries were ascertained and a picture of the burden before and after the instauration of prevention policies has been drawn. After the issue of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, many European countries have adopted universal screening for the GBS colonization of pregnant women and intrapartum prophylaxis to colonized mothers. Nevertheless, some European countries continue advocating the risk factor approach to GBS prevention. Most European countries have implemented policies to prevent GBS neonatal infections and the burden of the disease has decreased during the last several years. Nevertheless, further steps are necessary in order to develop new strategies of prevention, to improve microbiological techniques to detect GBS colonization and infection, and to coordinate the prevention policies in the EU. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 20 (3 ULg)Occurrence of MRSA endocarditis during linezolid treatment; ; et al in European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology (2003), 22(6), 372-373 Detailed reference viewed: 43 (0 ULg)Oxidant-Scavenging Activities of Beta-Lactam Agents; ; et al in European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology (1998), 17(1), 43-6 The relative antioxidant effect of ampicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefuroxime on oxygen-reactive species was examined in vitro using stimulated human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. There was no ... [more ▼] The relative antioxidant effect of ampicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefuroxime on oxygen-reactive species was examined in vitro using stimulated human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. There was no evidence that any of the beta-lactam agents tested had an effect on superoxide or H2O2 generation. In contrast, all of the beta-lactam agents prevented hypochlorous acid (HOCI) chlorination of 1,1-dimethyl-4-chloro-3,5-cyclo-hexanedione in a cell-free system at concentrations of < 10 microg/ml. Furthermore, all antibiotics provided dose-dependent protection against HOCI cytotoxicity to 16HBE140 bronchial epithelial cells. Taken together, these data indicate a possible therapeutic role for beta-lactam agents in protecting host tissues from HOCI-induced oxidative damage. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 10 (0 ULg) |
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