Deciphering supportive treatment strategies for toxic epidermal necrolysis.

in Current Drug Safety (2012), 7(5), 361-6

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a dreadful life-threatening syndrome typically induced by an adverse drug reaction. This condition is characterized by the sudden and extensive destruction of the ... [more ▼]

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a dreadful life-threatening syndrome typically induced by an adverse drug reaction. This condition is characterized by the sudden and extensive destruction of the epidermis. The patient should be promptly addressed to a burn unit where three types of treatment should be administered, namely, (a) specific topical care of the bullous/eroded skin areas, (b) systemic anti-apoptotic/necrotic treatments, and (c) supportive care preventing secondary internal organ failures. This latter aspect is covered by the present review and focuses on (a) early withdrawal of the causative drug, (b) airway management, (c) hydro-electrolytic control, (d) nutritional support, (e) antibiotherapy, (f) prevention of venous thrombosis and gastroduodenal ulcers, and (g) analgesia and anesthesia. [less ▲]

Le diagnotic : une étape importante et complexe

in Peretti, Jean-Marie (Ed.) Encyclopedie de la diversite (2012)

La gestion de la diversité dans le secteur public : pratiques et conditions de succès

in Revue Gestion (2012), 4 -(37), 57-66

Anhydrous melting of a primitive martian mantle: new experiments at 1-2 GPa

Conference (2012)

Des offres de paiement et de la consignation

in MOREAU, Pierre (Ed.) La jurisprudence du Code judiciaire commentée – Procédures particulières et droit judiciaire de la famille (2012)

Recent developments in ring-opening polymerization of lactones

in Rieger, Bernhard; Künkel, Andreas; Coates, Geoffrey W. (Eds.) et al Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers (2012)

Polylactones are important biodegradable and biocompatible environmentally friendly polyesters widely used for many applications and more particularly for biomedical applications. This review covers ... [more ▼]

Polylactones are important biodegradable and biocompatible environmentally friendly polyesters widely used for many applications and more particularly for biomedical applications. This review covers recent advances dealing with their synthesis by ring-opening polymerization (ROP). First, lactones polymerized by ROP will be reviewed with special attention paid to the effect of the ring size on polymerizability. Aliphatic polyesters synthesized by the ROP of lactones can also be obtained by polycondensation. The advantages of ROP compared with polycondensation will be highlighted. The second section is devoted to the different mechanisms used to carry out ROP, such as anionic, coordination, cationic, enzymatic, and organocatalytic polymerization. Special attention will be paid to the control imparted to the polymerization by the use of catalysts and initiators. The polymerization of lactones substituted by functional groups will be shown to afford functionalized aliphatic polyesters. The final section will focus on the synthesis of different architectures such as star-shaped, graft, hyperbranched, and macrocyclic polylactones in the frame of macromolecular engineering. [less ▲]

Proinflammatory Cytokines Induce Bronchial Hyperplasia and Squamous Metaplasia in Smokers: Implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease therapy.

in American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology (2012), 47(1), 67-79

Tracheobronchial squamous metaplasia is common in smokers and is associated with both airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and increased risk of lung cancer. Whereas this ... [more ▼]

Tracheobronchial squamous metaplasia is common in smokers and is associated with both airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and increased risk of lung cancer. Whereas this reversible epithelial replacement is almost always observed in association with chronic inflammation, the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of squamous metaplasia is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the implication of cigarette smoke-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine up-regulation in the development and treatment of tracheobronchial epithelial hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia. By using immunohistological techniques, we showed a higher epithelial expression of TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 as well as an activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1/MAPK signalling pathways in the respiratory tract of smoking patients compared to the normal ciliated epithelium of non-smoking patients. In addition, we demonstrated that these signalling pathways strongly influence the proliferation and the differentiation state of in vitro generated normal human airway epithelial basal cells. Finally, we exposed mice to cigarette smoke for 16 weeks and demonstrated that anti-TNFalpha (etanercept), anti-IL-1beta (anakinra) and/or anti-IL-6R (tocilizumab) therapies significantly reduced epithelial hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia development. These data highlight the importance of soluble inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of tracheobronchial squamous metaplasia. Therefore, administration of pro-inflammatory cytokine antagonists may have clinical application in the management of COPD patients. [less ▲]

Liquid-flooded compression and expansion in scroll machines - Part I: Model development

in International Journal of Refrigeration (2012)

A detailed mechanistic model has been developed for scroll compressors and scroll expanders with liquid flooding for application to the Liquid Flooded Ericsson Cycle. This model is based on the ... [more ▼]

A detailed mechanistic model has been developed for scroll compressors and scroll expanders with liquid flooding for application to the Liquid Flooded Ericsson Cycle. This model is based on the integration of a set of differential equations that arise from the conservation laws. The impact of the flooding liquid on the working process is also included through mixture properties as well as treatment of two-phase flow pressure drop. With the working process known, it is then possible to solve for the compressor power, total mass flow rate and other model outputs. The fine level of detail in the model allows for the investigation of the impact of design changes to the scroll machines. This model can also be readily extended to allow for the analysis of liquid flooded vapor compression refrigeration. [less ▲]

- Le droit belge dans le concert européen de la justice négociée

in Revue internationale de droit pénal (2012)

Dans le mouvement général de la justice négociée en procédure pénale, la Belgique fait figure de mauvais élève; l'on observe toutefois qu'en élargissant considérablement le champ de la transaction pénale ... [more ▼]

Dans le mouvement général de la justice négociée en procédure pénale, la Belgique fait figure de mauvais élève; l'on observe toutefois qu'en élargissant considérablement le champ de la transaction pénale, elle ouvre la porte à la négociation, mais sans en prévoir les garanties habituelles. L'article confronte dès lors le régime belge aux mécanismes de justice négociée organisés dans d'autres pays européens. [less ▲]

Linear magnetoelectric effect by orbital magnetism

in Physical Review Letters (2012), 109(19),

We use symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations to show that the linear magnetoelectric effect can originate from the response of orbital magnetic moments to the polar distortions induced by an ... [more ▼]

We use symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations to show that the linear magnetoelectric effect can originate from the response of orbital magnetic moments to the polar distortions induced by an applied electric field. Using LiFePO 4 as a model compound we show that spin-orbit coupling partially lifts the quenching of the 3d orbitals and causes small orbital magnetic moments (μ (L)≈0.3μ B) parallel to the spins of the Fe2 + ions. An applied electric field E modifies the size of these orbital magnetic moments inducing a net magnetization linear in E. © 2012 American Physical Society. [less ▲]