Structure et fonction des communautés phytoplanctoniques en milieux côtiers marin et lagunaire (Méditerranée – Corse) dans une optique de gestionGarrido, Marie ![]() Doctoral thesis (2012) Les écosystèmes côtiers contribuent de manière importante à la production primaire des océans. De par leur position géographique, ils sont particulièrement sensibles à l’eutrophisation. Le compartiment ... [more ▼] Les écosystèmes côtiers contribuent de manière importante à la production primaire des océans. De par leur position géographique, ils sont particulièrement sensibles à l’eutrophisation. Le compartiment phytoplanctonique y joue un rôle prépondérant au regard de sa position dans la chaîne tropique, mais également en termes de diversité. Il est également capable d’intégrer et/ou de refléter les changements environnementaux qui s’opèrent à court, moyen et long terme. Cette thèse vise à renforcer les connaissances sur la dynamique et la fonction des communautés phytoplanctoniques par rapport aux conditions environnementales dans deux écosystèmes côtiers, en utilisant des techniques traditionnelles comme la microscopie, l’HPLC et d’autres plus récentes comme le Phyto-PAM et la FluoroProbe. Le littoral corse a été choisi comme site d’étude. En effet, ses 1 047 km de côtes regorgent d’écosystèmes particulièrement dynamiques, d’une richesse biologique importante et de zones d’interfaces productives (e.g. structure frontale, milieu lagunaire). Malgré cela, il existe peu de données concernant la dynamique et la fonction de ces micro-algues, aussi bien en milieu marin côtier que lagunaire. Une fréquence d’échantillonnage appropriée à l’échelle d’observation a été utilisée selon les écosystèmes étudiés et le type d’étude menée (in situ ou expérimentale), allant de prélèvements mensuels à des prélèvements journaliers. Dans un premier temps, nous avons poursuivi les efforts engagés depuis plusieurs années concernant l’amélioration des méthodes d’analyses spectrofluorimétriques nécessaires pour l’étude de la dynamique et l’analyse fonctionnelle des communautés phytoplanctoniques. Des recommandations concernant les conditions de conservation des échantillons (i.e. durée, température) ont été dégagées pour l’analyse au Phyto-PAM, afin d’affiner les limites d’utilisation de cet outil. Nous avons également testé l’utilisation de la FluoroProbe dans les écosystèmes côtiers en Méditerranée. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié la variabilité spatio-temporelle des communautés phytoplanctoniques en milieu marin côtier (Calvi et Bastia) et en milieu lagunaire eutrophisé (Réserve Naturelle de Biguglia). Les résultats ont mis en avant une succession écologique et une structure des peuplements phytoplanctoniques différentes dans les deux écosystèmes marins côtiers étudiés, présentant des spécificités locales propres et comparés à l’échelle des zones côtières en Méditerranée. Nous avons démontré que des événements météorologiques pouvaient influencer les variations observées, agissant directement sur l’abondance des espèces ou indirectement sur les conditions du milieu (e.g. nutriments). Au niveau lagunaire, les actions de gestion mises en œuvre ont impacté la structure et l'efficacité photosynthétique des communautés phytoplanctoniques. Les modifications des flux hydrologiques ont exacerbé le caractère confiné de la lagune et des efflorescences successives d’espèces opportunistes et non profitables au réseau trophique supérieur ont été observées. Ces études ont permis de fournir une aide scientifique en ce qui concerne la prise de décision qui incombe aux acteurs de l’environnement et plus particulièrement les gestionnaires, dans une optique de gestion. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 22 (3 ULg) Durabilité de lots de bois de peuplier modifié thermiquementJourez, Benoît ; Conference (2012, December 05) Detailed reference viewed: 8 (4 ULg) Coronary heart disease: the MONICA-BELLUX Register; Krzesinski, Jean-Marie ; Conference (2012, December 05) Background : Cardiovascular diseases contribute to 42% of overall mortality in the European Union. Over a third of deaths from CVD are from coronary heart disease and just over a quarter are from ... [more ▼] Background : Cardiovascular diseases contribute to 42% of overall mortality in the European Union. Over a third of deaths from CVD are from coronary heart disease and just over a quarter are from cerebrovascular disease (stroke). Standardized death rates for heart disease have fallen dramatically in the last 25 years in Western Europe, both for men and for women. Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease The MONICA Project : A major source of information on cardiovascular diseases established in the early 1980s under the auspices of WHO, to monitor trends in cardiovascular diseases and to relate these to risk factor changes over a ten year period. There were a total of 37 MONICA Collaborating Centres in 21 countries (including 29 populations in 16 European countries). The ten year data collection was completed in the late 1990s, though several Centres are still active today. Conclusions : CVD registers remain nevertheless an invaluable source for monitoring levels and trends in incidence and case fatality. Trends in incidence rates and in case fatality rates can significantly differ from one another. This situation requires better detection of individuals at risk. The intervention component of the BELLUX register is well-suited for this task. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 21 (0 ULg) Des controverses souterraines et silencieuses ? Les vers de terre (lombricidés), l’agronomie et l’agriculture : d’une « non-histoire » à leur délicate mobilisation dans la conception et l’évaluation de formes contemporaines d’agricultures « durables »Dannevoye, Bastien ![]() Conference (2012, December 05) This communication investigates the recent and marginal scientific and agronomic interest in earthworms (or "lumbricids"), which paradoxically accounts for the first animal biomass of the globe. After ... [more ▼] This communication investigates the recent and marginal scientific and agronomic interest in earthworms (or "lumbricids"), which paradoxically accounts for the first animal biomass of the globe. After giving some historical points of reference about earthworms' quite recent scientific knowledge-building - thanks to soil scientists and biologists' works -, we present the manner in which the earthworms and their agricultural and ecological functions are valued today amongst groups of farmers linked to "conservation agriculture practices". This second part is built on sociological observation and interviews amongst those "conservation farmers", at work as well as communicating on their soil conservation practices (no-till, direct drilling, etc.). By doing that, we aim at describing how the earthworms, conceived as "intermediary objects" and "spokesperson" of the much larger soil biology, allows for those practicians to make strongly hold together production and environmental challenges in the agriculture they're developing... instead of opposing those stakes as it's usually the case. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 38 (8 ULg) OXPHOS protocols for the study of training and rare myopathies in horse skeletal muscle fibresVotion, Dominique ![]() Conference (2012, December 05) Detailed reference viewed: 16 (4 ULg) Pédologie II : Notions de base (Fertilité des sols - Éléments nutritifs - Biologie et biodiversité des sols - Menaces qui pèsent sur les sols)Liénard, Amandine ![]() Conference given outside the academic context (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 2 (0 ULg) Contesting Frames in Public HealthHendrickx, Kim ![]() Scientific conference (2012, December 05) Detailed reference viewed: 2 (0 ULg) Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds from Human Analogue Decomposition Using Thermal Desorption Coupled to Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass SpectrometryStefanuto, Pierre-Hugues ; ; et alin Analytical Chemistry (2012), 85 Complex processes of decomposition produce a variety of chemicals as soft tissues, and their component parts are broken down. Among others, these decomposition byproducts include volatile organic ... [more ▼] Complex processes of decomposition produce a variety of chemicals as soft tissues, and their component parts are broken down. Among others, these decomposition byproducts include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) responsible for the odor of decomposition. Human remains detection (HRD) canines utilize this odor signature to locate human remains during police investigations and recovery missions in the event of a mass disaster. Currently, it is unknown what compounds or combinations of compounds are recognized by the HRD canines. Furthermore, a comprehensive decomposition VOC profile remains elusive. This is likely due to difficulties associated with the nontarget analysis of complex samples. In this study, cadaveric VOCs were collected from the decomposition headspace of pig carcasses and were further analyzed using thermal desorption coupled to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC × GC−TOFMS). Along with an advanced data handling methodology, this approach allowed for enhanced characterization of these complex samples. The additional peak capacity of GC × GC, the spectral deconvolution algorithms applied to unskewed mass spectral data, and the use of a robust data mining strategy generated a characteristic profile of decomposition VOCs across the various stages of soft-tissue decomposition. The profile was comprised of numerous chemical families, particularly alcohols, carboxylic acids, aromatics, and sulfides. Characteristic compounds identified in this study, e.g., 1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-and 3-methyl butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanal, indole, phenol, benzaldehyde, dimethyl disulfide, and trisulfide, are potential target compounds of decomposition odor. This approach will facilitate the comparison of complex odor profiles and produce a comprehensive VOC profile for decomposition. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 21 (5 ULg) Ground-based remote sensing of tropospheric water vapour isotopologues within the project MUSICA; ; et al in Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (2012), 5(2012), 3007-3027 Within the project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water), long-term tropospheric water vapour isotopologue data records are provided for ... [more ▼] Within the project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water), long-term tropospheric water vapour isotopologue data records are provided for ten globally distributed ground-based mid-infrared remote sensing stations of the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change). We present a new method allowing for an extensive and straightforward characterisation of the complex nature of such isotopologue remote sensing datasets. We demonstrate that the MUSICA humidity profiles are representative for most of the troposphere with a vertical resolution ranging from about 2 km (in the lower troposphere) to 8 km (in the upper troposphere) and with an estimated precision of better than 10%. We find that the sensitivity with respect to the isotopologue composition is limited to the lower and middle troposphere, whereby we estimate a precision of about 30‰ for the ratio between the two isotopologues HD16O and H216O. The measurement noise, the applied atmospheric temperature profiles, the uncertainty in the spectral baseline, and the cross-dependence on humidity are the leading error sources. We introduce an a posteriori correction method of the cross-dependence on humidity, and we recommend applying it to isotopologue ratio remote sensing datasets in general. In addition, we present mid-infrared CO2 retrievals and use them for demonstrating the MUSICA network-wide data consistency. In order to indicate the potential of long-term isotopologue remote sensing data if provided with a well-documented quality, we present a climatology and compare it to simulations of an isotope incorporated AGCM (Atmospheric General Circulation Model). We identify differences in the multi-year mean and seasonal cycles that significantly exceed the estimated errors, thereby indicating deficits in the modeled atmospheric water cycle. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 18 (2 ULg) Zinc hyperaccumulation: a model to examine metal homeostasis in plantsHanikenne, Marc ![]() Scientific conference (2012, December 05) Detailed reference viewed: 27 (1 ULg) Biolixiviation de la carrolite-Application aux minerais polymétalliques de l'Arc Cuprifère du Katanga (cas de minerais de la mine de Kamoya, Kambove) en RDCNkulu Wa Ngoie, Guy ![]() Doctoral thesis (2012) The present work focuses on the bioleaching of carrolite as pure mineral and application of bioleaching as an alternative technique for processing the polymetallic sulphide ores in Katanga copperbelt ... [more ▼] The present work focuses on the bioleaching of carrolite as pure mineral and application of bioleaching as an alternative technique for processing the polymetallic sulphide ores in Katanga copperbelt (case of Kamoya deposit ores) in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). A preliminary study on the bioleaching of carrolite in the presence of mesophilic bacteria has highlighted the effect of the initial pH (pH = 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5), particle size (-53μm, -75+53 µm, -106+75µm), the pulp density (dp= 2.5 and 10) on the pH, the solution redox and on the dissolution performance of copper, nickel and cobalt. The results obtained at this stage showed that the initial pH, particle size and pulp density greatly influences the process of bioleaching of carrolite. The evolution of pH, solution redox and the efficiency of metals dissolution with time considering these factors indicate the importance of bacterial growth. Good bacterial activity thereby yields high metal dissolution which is being obtained at initial pH 2.0, particle size of -53μm and 2% pulp density. A second study upon the bioleaching of carrolite has allowed highlighting the metal dissolution mechanism during the bioleaching process. The evolution of the bacterial population, observations of Optical Microscope (MO), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) of carrolite grains during bioleaching and spectroscopical analysis in X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) of bioleaching residues allowed us to demonstrate the role and importance of bacteria attached on the surface of carrolite grains from one hand, and ferric ions on the other hand, during the carrolite bioleaching. Strong adhesion of bacteria to the surface of the carrolite grains was observed during early bioleach stages and playing an important role in the process. This phenomenon would cause the release of ferrous ions in solution by a direct contact mechanism on the one hand and causing oxidation of ferrous ions, elemental sulfur or sulfur compounds on the other hand, compounds which would accumulate at the surface of carrolite grains. The number of free bacteria in solution increases thus promoting the oxidation of ferrous to ferric ions, which oxidize the mineral through indirect mechanism. The number of free bacteria in solution and that of attached bacteria became constant over time, suggesting a cooperative mechanism of carrolite bioleaching. Finally, a statistical study of bioleaching of polymetallic concentrate from Kamoya deposit by Taguchi methodology and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the effect of different physicochemical parameters (initial pH, temperature, agitation, pulp density and duration of bioleaching) on the process efficiency. The results obtained from this statistical approach showed the possibility of bioleaching application as an alternative technique for treatment of the polymetallic sulphide ores of the Katanga copperbelt in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) but further investigation using thermophilic bacteria should be considered to improve metal dissolution. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 43 (1 ULg) Hydrodynamique et Architecture Navale; Rigo, Philippe ; Lapy, Matthieu ![]() in Journées scientifiques et techniques du CETMEF 2012 (2012, December 05) State of art en matière d'hydrodynamique navale et architecture navale pour la navaigatio nfluviale Detailed reference viewed: 37 (5 ULg) Initiation à ArcGIS - Travaux pratiques sur les Systèmes d'Information Géographique - SIGDenis, Antoine ![]() Learning material (2012) Introduction to ArcGIS (GIS) manual for beginners with data Detailed reference viewed: 864 (71 ULg) "Qui a peur de la normalisation?" Les réseaux d'aide en matière d'assuétudes, entre judiciaire et thérapeutique - réflexions à partir de Michel Foucault et Bruno LatourCaeymaex, Florence ; Pieron, Julien ![]() Conference given outside the academic context (2012) Detailed reference viewed: 9 (1 ULg) ENMG et expertiseWANG, François-Charles ![]() Conference (2012, December 04) Detailed reference viewed: 7 (0 ULg) Future surface mass balance contribution of the Antarctic ice-sheet to sea level riseAgosta, Cécile ; Fettweis, Xavier ; et alScientific conference (2012, December 04) Most of the IPCC-AR4 global circulation models predict an increase of the Antarctic Surface Mass Balance (SMB) during the 21st century that would mitigate global sea level rise. High-resolution modeling ... [more ▼] Most of the IPCC-AR4 global circulation models predict an increase of the Antarctic Surface Mass Balance (SMB) during the 21st century that would mitigate global sea level rise. High-resolution modeling is necessary to adequately capture the Antarctic SMB, that is why we present here a downscaling method leading to 15-km SMB resolution for century time-scales over Antarctica. Our first results show that a higher resolution induce at the same time more run-off but a significantly higher mitigation of sea level rise for the next centuries. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 18 (0 ULg) Physico-chemical characterization and in vitro hemocompatbility study of nanocarriers tailored for biopharmaceutical drugsGrandfils, Christian ; Sevrin, Chantal ; et alConference (2012, December 04) Detailed reference viewed: 15 (0 ULg) Liquidity Shocks and Global ImbalancesArtige, Lionel ![]() Conference (2012, December 04) Detailed reference viewed: 2 (0 ULg) Introduction aux théories de la perception du paysageVranken, Isabelle ![]() Speech (2012) La perception du paysage est abordée sous l'angle de l'école behavioriste, plus particulièrement les travaux de Kevin Lynch en urbanisme sur l'image de la ville. Elle part du postulat que la perception de ... [more ▼] La perception du paysage est abordée sous l'angle de l'école behavioriste, plus particulièrement les travaux de Kevin Lynch en urbanisme sur l'image de la ville. Elle part du postulat que la perception de l'environnement influence le comportement de l'individu qui y vit (le citoyen)et modifie à son tour son environnement. Ceci sert à dégager des principes d'aménagement du territoire pour plus de bien-être. La voirie joue un rôle central dans la perception de la ville, étant donné que c'est le point d'observation principal de celle-ci par les citoyens. Selon sa forme, ses accès et ses abords, ou encore l'organisation de l'écran construit, différents effets d'ambiance urbaine peuvent être ménagés. Dans ce paysage s'implantent les éléments principaux de la structure de la ville: limites, voies, noeuds, points de repère, quartiers. Leur organisation relative fait émerger les caractéristiques globales de la ville que sont la lisibilité et l'imagibilité. Ces techniques ont été utilisées et adaptées pour l'analyse de la ville de Lubumbashi et de l'Avenue Louise à Bruxelles. [less ▲] Detailed reference viewed: 44 (2 ULg) La réforme du master bioingénieur en Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement par le biais des compétencesDebouche, Charles ![]() Scientific conference (2012, December 03) Presentation of the method adopted to elaborate the referential of competences of the Master bioingénieur in Sciences and Technologies of the Environment and to reform the program of study of it Detailed reference viewed: 3 (1 ULg) |
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