Editorial : Questionner le tourisme rural

in Schmitz, Serge; Decroly, Jean Michel (Eds.) Questionner le tourisme rural (2011)

Note de lecture de: Frédéric Lordon, Capitalisme, désir et servitude

in Les Carnets des Cahiers Philosophiques (2011)

The Foreign Series by Herder Verlag by 1900: International Catholic Literature

in Spiers, John (Ed.) The Culture of the Publisher's Series, Volume 2. Nationalisms and the National Canon (2011)

Long-term bedload mobility in gravel-bed rivers using iron slag as a tracer

in Geomorphology (2011), 126

Bedload dispersion is evaluated in gravel-bed rivers using slag elements from ironworks established along rivers in the Ardenne region, between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries. Large ... [more ▼]

Bedload dispersion is evaluated in gravel-bed rivers using slag elements from ironworks established along rivers in the Ardenne region, between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries. Large quantities of slag were dumped close to these rivers or even directly into the channels. For centuries, slag elements were dispersed in the bedload and transported by floods of varying importance. Consequently, slag may be considered as a reliable tracer to analyze bedload dispersion over several centuries. The size of slag elements was studied along 16 Ardenne rivers. The longitudinal size trend of the largest slag particles allows the effective competence of these rivers to be determined (between 19 and 129 mm for rivers where specific stream power for the bankfull discharge ranges between 20 and 134 W/m²). A direct relationship doesn’t exist between these two parameters as the size of slag elements must be considered with regard to the D50 of the bed. Selective transport was analyzed directly downstream of the input sites. The sorting distance varies from river to river and depends on the velocity of the coarse elements introduced into the river since the inception of the iron industry. Downstream of two metallurgic sites, the slag propagation fronts were located. As the periods of activity at these sites are known from historical studies, the virtual velocity of bedload movement in these rivers was estimated to be 2-4 km/century. [less ▲]

Numerical modeling of relativistic shock acceleration

in Astrophysics & Space Sciences Transactions : ASTRA (2011)

The shock acceleration mechanism is invoked to explain non-thermal cosmic rays in Supernova Remnants, Active Galactic Nuclei and Gamma Ray Bursts jets. Especially, the importance of relativistic shock ... [more ▼]

The shock acceleration mechanism is invoked to explain non-thermal cosmic rays in Supernova Remnants, Active Galactic Nuclei and Gamma Ray Bursts jets. Especially, the importance of relativistic shock acceleration in extragalactic sources is a recurring theme raising a significant interest in the research community. We will briefly discuss the shock acceleration mechanism and we will address the properties of non-relativistic and relativistic shocks, particularly focusing on relativistic numerical Monte Carlo studies. [less ▲]

Disorders of consciousness: coma, vegetative and minimally conscious states

in D. Cvetkovic & I. Cosic (Ed.) States of Consciousness: Experimental Insights into Meditation, Waking, Sleep and Dreams (2011)

Le bon usage des ruines. Franco Fortini et la question des intellectuels dans la Séquence rouge italienne

in Cahiers du GRM (2011), II

Learning from the Past to Improve Future Resettlement Associated with Climate Change

in Science (2011), 334(6055), 456-457

Le traitement des carcasses avec des oxydes de fer par les chasseurs aurignaciens de Régismont-le-Haut (Hérault, France), Rapport annuel 2010, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie

Report (2011)

First retrievals of methyl chloride from ground-based high-resolution FTIR solar observations

in Geophysical Research Abstracts (2011), 13

Methyl chloride (CH3Cl) is one of the most abundant chlorine-bearing gas in the Earth’s troposphere and a significant contributor to the organic chlorine budget. Measurements by in situ networks indicate ... [more ▼]

Methyl chloride (CH3Cl) is one of the most abundant chlorine-bearing gas in the Earth’s troposphere and a significant contributor to the organic chlorine budget. Measurements by in situ networks indicate a mean volume mixing ratio of 550 pptv, with a significant seasonal cycle of about 80 pptv, peak to peak. This species also exhibits inter-annual variability, but no long-term trend. Major sources are from tropical and sub-tropical plants and dead leaves, the oceans and biomass burning. Some industrial processes and waste incineration further add to the emissions. Oxidation by the hydroxyl radical is by far the largest CH3Cl sink, followed by soil uptake. Although balanced, its atmospheric budget is still affected by large uncertainties and contributions from unidentified sources and sinks cannot be ruled out. Methyl chloride has an atmospheric lifetime of 1 year, a global warming potential of 13 (100-yr horizon) and an ozone depleting potential of 0.02. The retrieval of methyl chloride from ground-based infrared (IR) spectra is very challenging. Indeed, numerous interferences by strong water vapor and methane lines complicate the detection of small CH3Cl absorptions, close to 1%, near 3 microns. In addition, and although weak, ethane features contribute to the difficulty, in particular since a significant number of ethane branches were absent until very recently from official HITRAN compilations. Therefore, the scientific literature does not report thus far about any investigations of CH3Cl from ground-based remote sensing observations. In this contribution, we will present first CH3Cl total column retrievals, using the SFIT-2 algorithm (v3.94) and high-resolution Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) solar absorption observations recorded with a Bruker 120HR instrument, at the high altitude station of the Jungfraujoch (46.5°N, 8°E, 3580 m asl), within the framework of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC, visit http://www.ndacc.org). In our retrievals, we use new ethane absorption cross sections recorded at the Molecular Spectroscopy Facility of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Harrison et al., 2010). They were calibrated in intensity by using reference low-resolution spectra from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) IR database. These new cross sections were recently released as a HITRAN update (see http://www.hitran.com). Pseudoline parameters fitted to these ethane spectra have been combined with HITRAN 2004 line parameters (including all the 2006 updates) for all other species encompassed in the selected microwindows, including our target CH3Cl. We will evaluate the improvement brought by the new ethane line parameters on the fitting residuals, and characterize the quality, the precision and the reliability of the retrieved product. If successful, a long-term CH3Cl total column time series will be produced using the Jungfraujoch observational database, and we will perform preliminary investigations of the seasonal and inter-annual variations of methyl chloride total columns at northern mid-latitudes. [less ▲]