Evaluation of sinks and sources of CO2 in the global coastal ocean using a spatially-explicit typology of estuaries and continental shelves

in Geophysical Research Letters (2010), 37

The exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and the global coastal ocean was evaluated from a compilation of air-water CO2 fluxes scaled using a spatially-explicit global typology of inner estuaries ... [more ▼]

The exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and the global coastal ocean was evaluated from a compilation of air-water CO2 fluxes scaled using a spatially-explicit global typology of inner estuaries (excluding outer estuaries such as large river deltas) and continental shelves. The computed emission of CO2 to the atmosphere from estuaries (+0.27 +/- 0.23 PgC yr(-1)) is similar to 26% to similar to 55% lower than previous estimates while the sink of atmospheric CO2 over continental shelf seas (-0.21 +/- 0.36 PgC yr(-1)) is at the low end of the range of previous estimates (-0.22 to -1.00 PgC yr(-1)). The air-sea CO2 flux per surface area over continental shelf seas (-0.7 +/- 1.2 molC m(-2) yr(-1)) is the double of the value in the open ocean based on the most recent CO2 climatology. The largest uncertainty of scaling approaches remains in the availability of CO2 data to describe the spatial variability, and to capture relevant temporal scales of variability. Citation: Laruelle, G. G., H. H. Durr, C. P. Slomp, and A. V. Borges (2010), Evaluation of sinks and sources of CO2 in the global coastal ocean using a spatially-explicit typology of estuaries and continental shelves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L15607, doi:10.1029/2010GL043691. [less ▲]

Le plurilinguisme des Belges issus de l’immigration : pratiques et idéologies

in Cahiers de linguistique (2010), 36(1), 71-92

Molière au théâtre, les Médecins à la Ville

Learning material (2010)

Plaquette de l'exposition - Perception de la médecine du 17ème siècle à travers l'oeuvre de Molière

Agriculture et biodiversité

Book published by SPW DGARNE (2010)

Diversité des milieux et des paysages agricoles de Wallonie, réseau écologique.

Influence du type de fertilisation, du jour de pâturage et du mois de l’année sur les rejets azotés des vaches laitières

in Marcoen, Jean Marie; Vandenberghe, Christophe (Eds.) Acte de l'atelier "Nitrate - Eau" (2010)

Influence of the fertilization type, the day in the paddock and the month on nitrogen rejections in dairy cows. The present study aims to quantify nitrogen (N) rejections in dairy cows on a rotational ... [more ▼]

Influence of the fertilization type, the day in the paddock and the month on nitrogen rejections in dairy cows. The present study aims to quantify nitrogen (N) rejections in dairy cows on a rotational grazing system with different types of fertilization (compost, slurry and mineral N) at two different days in the paddock (days 3 and 5) and during two different periods (June and September). Grass yield and height were measured along with the chemical composition. The live weight was recorded when the cows moved into the paddock and milk yields was recorded at each milking. N intakes were measured on the basis of the energy requirement. When the cows were in the paddocks, individual samples of faeces and urine were collected to assess N rejections. The urea content in milk from the tank or from the individual cows was also measured. N intake was higher on day 3 than on day 5 and in September as compared with in June but was not influenced by the fertilization. The amount of N produced in milk was not influenced either by the fertilization, by the day on the paddock or by the month. The amount of urinary N was significantly higher in the N mineral group than in the two other groups. The N excretion in faeces and urines was higher on day 3 than on day 5. In June, the N excretion by the urine was lower than in September while the N excretion by the faeces was higher. Equations were calculated in order to estimate the N excretion by the urine in grazing dairy cows from the urea content in milk of a group of cows. [less ▲]

Electrospray mass spectrometry of noncovalent complexes between small molecule ligands and nucleic acids

in Joseph H., Banoub; Patrick A., Limbach (Eds.) Mass spectrometry of nucleosides and nucleic acids (2010)

CONTENTS 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 ESI-MS of Noncovalent Complexes 8.1.2 Nucleic Acid Targeting by Small Molecules 8.2 Electrospray Mass Spectrometry of Nucleic Acid Noncovalent Complexes 8.2.1 ... [more ▼]

CONTENTS 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 ESI-MS of Noncovalent Complexes 8.1.2 Nucleic Acid Targeting by Small Molecules 8.2 Electrospray Mass Spectrometry of Nucleic Acid Noncovalent Complexes 8.2.1 Stoichiometries: Number of Strands and Detection of Nucleic Acid Higher-Order Structures 8.2.2 Stoichiometries: Number of Bound Ligands 8.2.3 Role of Cations in Nucleic Acid Structure and Ligand Binding 8.2.4 Determination of Equilibrium Binding Constants 8.2.5 Are the Relative Intensities Proportional to the Abundances in Solution? 8.3 Characterizing Noncovalent Ligand Binding by MS/MS of the Complexes 8.3.1 Overview of Dissociation Pathways 8.3.2 How Observed Pathways Depend on Instrumental Parameters 8.3.3 How Observed Pathways Depend on Ligand Binding 8.3.4 Probing the Energetics of Ligand-DNA Interactions 8.3.5 Determining the Ligand Binding Mode 8.3.6 Determining the Ligand Binding Site by MS/MS 8.4 Conclusion and Outlook References [less ▲]

Efficiency of day seven collection of bovine embryosafter superovulation by flushing the oviducts and the uterin horns.

in Reproduction, Fertility, & Development (2010), 22(1), 363

le bananier: de la plantation à la récolte

Diverse speeche and writing (2010)

The governance of fair trade social enterprises in Belgium

in Social Enterprise Journal (2010), 6(2), 110-124

Purpose – This article addresses the governance of “Fair Trade Social Enterprises” (FTSEs), i.e., the organisations exclusively dedicated to the import, distribution and/or labelling of fairly traded ... [more ▼]

Purpose – This article addresses the governance of “Fair Trade Social Enterprises” (FTSEs), i.e., the organisations exclusively dedicated to the import, distribution and/or labelling of fairly traded products. The aims are (1) to describe and categorise the types of persons and stakeholder groups represented in FTSEs’ governance structures and (2) to look at the link between stakeholder involvement and other organisational features such as resources, goals and activities. Design/methodology/approach – These questions are investigated through a qualitative field study based on face-to-face interviews with the managers of 15 Belgian FTSEs. Findings – I distinguish three governance models each entailing different governance paradigms: the managerial model, the volunteer-based model and the multi-stakeholder model. In the three governance models, it is possible to link, to a certain extent, the composition of the governance structures, the access to resources and the goal priorities regarding the different dimensions of the FT activity. In brief, governance appears as an organisational entry revealing much information about the vision and the strategy of the FTSEs. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited to Belgian FTSEs and must be considered as one of the first attempts in characterising the specific features and challenges of organisational governance in the FT context. International comparative studies exploring FTSE’s governance in a more longitudinal perspective, combining the standpoints of diverse organisational actors, would be most welcome in the future. Originality/value – As this article shows, the multidimensional nature of FT and the coexistence of different types of FTSEs in the same country make this a very interesting field to investigate the challenges of governance in social enterprises. Social enterprises and those researching them should pay more attention to the importance of adopting and conceiving governance schemes that are adapted to their multiple missions and enable the access to multiple resources. [less ▲]

Quand la protection de l'assuré risque de l'affaiblir

in Revue de la Faculté de Droit de l'Université de Liège (2010)

L'objet de cette leçon inaugurale présentée à la Faculté de Droit de l'Ulg le 19 mars 2010 était d'illustrer, à travers quelques exemples, que certaines dispositions légales qui ont pourtant été adoptées ... [more ▼]

L'objet de cette leçon inaugurale présentée à la Faculté de Droit de l'Ulg le 19 mars 2010 était d'illustrer, à travers quelques exemples, que certaines dispositions légales qui ont pourtant été adoptées dans le but de protéger les intérêts de l'assuré peuvent, dans certaines circonstances, présenter des inconvénients pour eux, voire même se retourner contre certains d'entre eux. [less ▲]