Actualités en droit judiciaire

Book published by Anthemis (2010)

Cet ouvrage contient : - une chronique dédiée aux questions de compétence, matérielle et territoriale, des cours et tribunaux ; - une chronique consacrée à la procédure civile (introduction de l’instance ... [more ▼]

Cet ouvrage contient : - une chronique dédiée aux questions de compétence, matérielle et territoriale, des cours et tribunaux ; - une chronique consacrée à la procédure civile (introduction de l’instance, mesures avant dire droit, mise en état et les conclusions, demandes incidentes, incidents et mesures d’instruction, office du juge et audience de plaidoiries, jugement et emploi des langues); - une chronique relative à la répétibilité des frais et honoraires d’avocat ; - une chronique consacrée aux voies de recours et en particulier à l'appel [less ▲]

Alternative photosynthetic electron pathways in different clades of Symbiodinium: the Mehler reaction

Poster (2010, December)

The high productivity of coral reef ecosystems is largely attributed to the mutualistic symbiosis between reef-building corals and their intracellular dinoflagellate in the genus Symbiodinium commonly ... [more ▼]

The high productivity of coral reef ecosystems is largely attributed to the mutualistic symbiosis between reef-building corals and their intracellular dinoflagellate in the genus Symbiodinium commonly referred to as zooxanthellae. These photosynthetic algae translocate a majority of their photosynthetically fixed carbon to the host and contribute greatly to their metabolic needs (Muscatine, 1990) and the calcification process (Gattuso, 1999). In the natural environment the holobiont have to cope with significant daily variations in light intensities that sometimes exceed Symbiodinium photosynthetic capacity. Fortunately, photosynthetic organisms possess regulatory features that help to ensure that high light intensities can be endured without the accumulation of photodamage. Thus, the regulation of photosynthesis can be viewed as a dynamic balance between photosynthetic efficiency (photochemical quenching) and photoprotection processes (i.e. non-photochemical quenching). Among them, the role of O2 as an alternative electron acceptor within the chloroplast could play a critical role (Ort & Baker, 2002). Under particular environmental conditions when sinks for photosynthetic electrons are scarce, the direct reduction of oxygen by the PSI could sustain significant levels of photosynthetic electron flux by initiating the ΔpH formation and of NPQ, regulating the ratio of ATP/NADPH to match the requirements of carbon reduction. However, this process leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that are rapidly detoxified by superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase. An additional electron flux associated with this oxygen pathway is directed to the reduction of monodehydroascorbate (MDA), which is generated as a result of peroxide reduction by ascorbate (Asada, 2000). The present study aimed to highlight the existence of alternative photosynthetic electron pathways and more especially the Mehler ascorbate peroxidase pathway in different clades of Symbiodinium, cultivated at low and high light intensities. -Muscatine L (1990) The role of symbiotic algae in carbon and energy flux in reef corals. In: Dubinsky Z(ed) Ecosystems of the world: coral reefs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1-9. -Gattuso JP, Allemand D and M Frankignoulle (1999) Photosynthesis and calcification at cellular, organismal and community levels in coral reefs: A review on interactions and control by carbonate chemistry. American Zoologist 39(1): 160-183. -Ort, D. R. and N. R. Baker (2002). A photoprotective role for O2 as an alternative electron sink in photosynthesis? Current Opinion in Plant Biology 5(3): 193-198. -Asada, K. (2000) The water-water cycle as alternative photon and electron sinks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 355(1402): 1419–1431. [less ▲]

Bientôt un code pénal social

in Droit pénal de l'entreprise (2010)

From Metagenomes To Industrially Relevant Enzymes

Conference (2010, December)

Microorganisms living in extreme conditions have now been isolated from all type of extreme environments and numerous extremozymes originating from these organisms have been described and characterized ... [more ▼]

Microorganisms living in extreme conditions have now been isolated from all type of extreme environments and numerous extremozymes originating from these organisms have been described and characterized. Indeed, most of their potential resides in their enzymes. As stated by Huston in 2008 : “As environmental concerns arise, biological tools are increasingly replacing harsh chemical and physical means of processing materials and they even harbor promise for creating cost-effective sustainable energy sources. It is imperative that we continue investigating ways in which natural products can offer economical alternatives to traditional industrial processes”. In this context the search for valuable extremophiles and their integration in industrial processes will, without any doubt, fulfill these objectives in extending the use of microorganisms and of their products to unexpected transformations. Extensive investigations on extremophiles were therefore carried out for the reason that the large diversity of these organisms allowed to think that it is probably possible to find within them the appropriate isolate that produces the best possible product for a specific application. Of course these organisms have to be unravelled and their peculiarities sometimes render the culture conditions inappropriate. The recent emergence of the metagenomic approach has, however, modified the context and has now rendered possible the investigation of the world of non cultivable microorganisms. Indeed, recent advances of the metagenomic highlighted the underestimated gene diversity contained in environmental samples. In order to isolate new valuable cold adapted proteins, Antarctica soil metagenomic libraries were constructed and screened for various activities. Screenings were performed in industrially derived conditions, when feasible, and allowed the isolation of several new lipases/esterases, proteases, amylases, xylanases, … Hence, thorough characterization of the new enzymes is required prior their integration into industrial processes. We will discuss case-studies on three enzymes primarily isolated for the agro-food industry and displaying particular features. [less ▲]

Comme Daniel dans la fosse aux lions : heurts et malheurs de l'institution scolaire en Belgique francophone

in Hamel, Jacques; Pugeault-Cicchelli, Catherine; Galland, Olivier (Eds.) et al La jeunesse n'est plus ce qu'elle était (2010, December)

Elèves en difficultés ou institution à bout de souffle ? Déficits individuels ou hysteresis de l’habitus pédagogique ? C’est cette deuxième hypothèse que l'auteur développe dans cette contribution. Dans ... [more ▼]

Elèves en difficultés ou institution à bout de souffle ? Déficits individuels ou hysteresis de l’habitus pédagogique ? C’est cette deuxième hypothèse que l'auteur développe dans cette contribution. Dans cette approche des pratiques éducatives et pédagogiques dans les écoles secondaires, il y a des choses invisibles tant elles sont devenues « normales ». Il s’agirait alors d'entamer une critique radicale de la supposée neutralité sociale de la forme scolaire en se penchant sur le geste scolaire le plus banal pour y déceler le fondement d’un mode d’organisation du travail scolaire et mettre à jour ses effets objectifs. [less ▲]

Cellular uptake of long-circulating pH-sensitive liposomes: evaluation of the liposome and its encapsulated material penetration in cancer cells

in Drug Discovery Today (2010, December), 15(23-24), 1079-1114

Print 3G, a peptidic antagonist of oncoprotein involved in breast cancer, could reduce the angiogenic development of breast tumors, leading to tumor dormancy. The necessity of intravenous administration ... [more ▼]

Print 3G, a peptidic antagonist of oncoprotein involved in breast cancer, could reduce the angiogenic development of breast tumors, leading to tumor dormancy. The necessity of intravenous administration of Print 3G led to the development of long-circulating liposomes as drug carriers. Pegylated liposomes, too large to be collected by fenestrated organs, accumulate passively in solid tumors thanks to the EPR effect. The strategy was to combine the protective properties of PEG with the transfection properties of pH-sensitive lipids which could promote the uptake of liposomes by cells and avoid lysosomal sequestration and degradation of entrapped materials such as peptides. In this study, we compare two formulations in terms of cellular uptake using confocal microscopy. The first one is composed of SPC:CHOL:mPEG-750-DSPE (47:47:6), used as "standard" liposomes, and the second one of DOPE:CHEMS:CHOL:mPEG750-DSPE (43:21:30:6), used as pH-sensitive liposomes. First, we evaluated the penetration of an encapsulated model molecule, calcein, in Hs578t human breast cancer epithelial cells. When calcein was encapsulated in standard liposomes, its penetration was effective only in few cells. On the contrary, a majority of cells were fluorescent when calcein-loaded pH-sensitive liposomes were applied for 3 hours on cells. Secondly, we studied the penetration of liposomes themselves in Hs578t cells using 25-[(nitrobenzoxadiazolyl)methylamino]nor-cholesterol (NBD-CHOL) as a fluorescent marker of the phospholipid membrane. The obtained results were comparable to those obtained with calcein: a higher penetration of liposome was observed for pH-sensitive liposomes. Finally, the cellular uptake of liposomes using both NBD-CHOL and rhodamine encapsulated in the inner cavity of vesicles was evaluated with Hs578t cells and compared with WI26 human diploid lung fibroblast cells. Thanks to this experiment, we could follow simultaneously the cell distribution of the encapsulated material and of the liposome itself. Confocal pictures obtained with pH-sensitive liposomes on both WI26 and Hs578t cells allow us to visualize the co-localized red and green colors of rhodamine and NBD-CHOL, with a higher concentrated area near the nucleus. In comparison with "standard" liposomes, we observed a higher penetration of the encapsulated material and of the liposome itself in breast cancer cells. Moreover, we visualized a colocalization near the nucleus of liposomes components. Concerning results obtained with fibroblastic cells, there was no difference in terms of cellular uptake between the two formulations. In perspective, we would like to compare these results, obtained with model molecules, with experiments performed with biotinylated Print 3G to assess its cellular distribution. Moreover, it would be interesting to correlate results obtained with confocal microscopy with a possible increase of the peptide efficacy against cancer cells when it is encapsulated in long-circulating pH-sensitive liposomes. [less ▲]

Magnetic susceptibility correlation of km-thick Eifelian-Frasnian sections (Belgium-Czech Republic)

in Geologica Belgica (2010, December), 13(4), 5-7

Early-Middle Frasnian (early Late Devonian) sedimentology and magnetic susceptibility of the Ardennes area (Belgium): identification of severe and rapid sea-level fluctuations

in Geologica Belgica (2010), 13(4), 319-332

Delayed decision-making in bistable models

in Proceedings of the 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (2010, December)

Design of Innovative Ship Concepts Using an Integrated Decision Support System for Ship Production and Operation

in Brodogradnja : Journal of Naval Architecture and Shipbuilding Industry (2010), 61(4), 367-381

Design of Innovative Ship Concepts Using an Integrated Decision Support System for Ship Production and Operation